Combining Cancer Vaccines with Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Immunological Approach
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become increasingly qualified for use in personalized cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of tumor immunology and novel antigen delivery technologies has assisted in optimizing vaccine design. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to establish long-lasting immunol...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-08, Vol.22 (15), p.8035 |
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| container_title | International journal of molecular sciences |
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| creator | Kim, Chang-Gon Sang, Yun-Beom Lee, Ji-Hyun Chon, Hong-Jae |
| description | Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become increasingly qualified for use in personalized cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of tumor immunology and novel antigen delivery technologies has assisted in optimizing vaccine design. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to establish long-lasting immunological memory against tumor cells, thereby leading to effective tumor regression and minimizing non-specific or adverse events. However, due to several resistance mechanisms, significant challenges remain to be solved in order to achieve these goals. In this review, we describe our current understanding with respect to the use of the antigen repertoire in vaccine platform development. We also summarize various intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms behind the failure of cancer vaccine development in the past. Finally, we suggest a strategy that combines immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms22158035 |
| format | Article |
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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-26e65a4929f737c41d04f18d055924aebad91bfa84a963c40093309d8b4018bb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-26e65a4929f737c41d04f18d055924aebad91bfa84a963c40093309d8b4018bb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5798-0108 ; 0000-0002-1123-6313 ; 0000-0002-6979-5812</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348347/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348347/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Chang-Gon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sang, Yun-Beom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ji-Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chon, Hong-Jae</creatorcontrib><title>Combining Cancer Vaccines with Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Immunological Approach</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><description>Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become increasingly qualified for use in personalized cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of tumor immunology and novel antigen delivery technologies has assisted in optimizing vaccine design. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to establish long-lasting immunological memory against tumor cells, thereby leading to effective tumor regression and minimizing non-specific or adverse events. However, due to several resistance mechanisms, significant challenges remain to be solved in order to achieve these goals. In this review, we describe our current understanding with respect to the use of the antigen repertoire in vaccine platform development. We also summarize various intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms behind the failure of cancer vaccine development in the past. 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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Antigens Bladder cancer Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Cancer vaccines Chemokines Design optimization Gene expression Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunological memory Immunology Immunotherapy Lymphocytes Melanoma Mutation Nanoparticles Peptides Review T cell receptors Tumor cells Tumors Vaccine development Vaccines Vectors (Biology) |
| title | Combining Cancer Vaccines with Immunotherapy: Establishing a New Immunological Approach |
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