The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment
The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the restoration or establishment of these anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs),...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Viruses 2021-06, Vol.13 (7), p.1200, Article 1200 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 7 |
| container_start_page | 1200 |
| container_title | Viruses |
| container_volume | 13 |
| creator | Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley Kousoulas, Konstantin G. Rider, Paul J. F. |
| description | The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the restoration or establishment of these anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). The clinical success of some of these immunotherapeutic modalities, including herpes simplex virus type-1 derived OVT, resulted in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in treatment of human cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond or benefit equally from these immunotherapies. The creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents an important barrier preventing success of many immunotherapeutic approaches. Mechanisms of immunosuppression in the TME are a major area of current research. In this review, we discuss how oncolytic HSV affects the tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Where possible we focus on oncolytic HSV strains for which clinical data is available, and discuss how these viruses alter the vasculature, extracellular matrix and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/v13071200 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8310320</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_d86720ebace14e02acb357736a9053ef</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2548397427</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-b8f8a54e4c4f2c721a5a5bf5fe7cdd697248b06db5bbe5672edc7a2016f2f1383</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhSMEoqWw4AWQJTatUMA_cRxvkNCoMCMVddGhW8txrmdcJXawk4F5ewxTRi0rVj6yP597fX2K4jXB7xmT-MOOMCwIxfhJcUqklGUlCX_6QJ8UL1K6w7iuJRbPixNW0ayFOC026y2gS2vBTChYtIQ4QkI3bhh7-IluXZxTud6PUBJ0vry5LckFuvYm9PvJGbQahtmHaQtRj3sUPMoSrechRPTVmRjA71wMfgA_vSyeWd0neHW_nhXfPl-uF8vy6vrLavHpqjRVLaeybWyjeQWVqSw1ghLNNW8ttyBM19VS0Kppcd21vG2B14JCZ4SmmNSWWsIadlasDr5d0HdqjG7Qca-CdurPRogbpWPuvQfVNfk-hlYbIBVgqk3LuBCs1hJzBjZ7fTx4jXM75EL5GVH3j0wfn3i3VZuwUw0jmFGcDc7vDWL4PkOa1OCSgb7XHsKcFOVVw6SoqMjo23_QuzBHn0eVKV4JIRrBMnVxoPJwU4pgj80QrH5HQR2jkNk3D7s_kn__PgPvDsAPaINNxoE3cMRwTovIcSEyK0wy3fw_vXCTnlzwizD7if0CJRbPDw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2554777873</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley ; Kousoulas, Konstantin G. ; Rider, Paul J. F.</creator><creatorcontrib>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley ; Kousoulas, Konstantin G. ; Rider, Paul J. F.</creatorcontrib><description>The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the restoration or establishment of these anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). The clinical success of some of these immunotherapeutic modalities, including herpes simplex virus type-1 derived OVT, resulted in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in treatment of human cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond or benefit equally from these immunotherapies. The creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents an important barrier preventing success of many immunotherapeutic approaches. Mechanisms of immunosuppression in the TME are a major area of current research. In this review, we discuss how oncolytic HSV affects the tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Where possible we focus on oncolytic HSV strains for which clinical data is available, and discuss how these viruses alter the vasculature, extracellular matrix and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/v13071200</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34206677</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antigens ; Cancer ; Cancer immunotherapy ; Cancer therapies ; Cancer vaccines ; Chemotherapy ; Cold ; Extracellular matrix ; FDA approval ; Genes ; herpes ; Herpes simplex ; Herpes viruses ; herpesvirus ; Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology ; HSV ; Humans ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Immune response ; Immunosuppression ; Immunotherapy ; Kinases ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Lymphocytes ; Molecular biology ; Neoplasms - blood supply ; Neoplasms - immunology ; Neoplasms - therapy ; Oncolysis ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; oncolytic virus ; Oncolytic Viruses - physiology ; Protein synthesis ; Proteins ; Radiation ; Review ; Science & Technology ; Tumor cells ; Tumor microenvironment ; Tumor Microenvironment - immunology ; Tumors ; VC2 ; Virology ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Viruses, 2021-06, Vol.13 (7), p.1200, Article 1200</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>15</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000676901900001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-b8f8a54e4c4f2c721a5a5bf5fe7cdd697248b06db5bbe5672edc7a2016f2f1383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-b8f8a54e4c4f2c721a5a5bf5fe7cdd697248b06db5bbe5672edc7a2016f2f1383</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310320/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310320/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,27928,27929,53795,53797</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206677$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kousoulas, Konstantin G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rider, Paul J. F.</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment</title><title>Viruses</title><addtitle>VIRUSES-BASEL</addtitle><addtitle>Viruses</addtitle><description>The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the restoration or establishment of these anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). The clinical success of some of these immunotherapeutic modalities, including herpes simplex virus type-1 derived OVT, resulted in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in treatment of human cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond or benefit equally from these immunotherapies. The creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents an important barrier preventing success of many immunotherapeutic approaches. Mechanisms of immunosuppression in the TME are a major area of current research. In this review, we discuss how oncolytic HSV affects the tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Where possible we focus on oncolytic HSV strains for which clinical data is available, and discuss how these viruses alter the vasculature, extracellular matrix and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer immunotherapy</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Cancer vaccines</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Extracellular matrix</subject><subject>FDA approval</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>herpes</subject><subject>Herpes simplex</subject><subject>Herpes viruses</subject><subject>herpesvirus</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology</subject><subject>HSV</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</subject><subject>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immunosuppression</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Neoplasms - blood supply</subject><subject>Neoplasms - immunology</subject><subject>Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Oncolysis</subject><subject>Oncolytic Virotherapy</subject><subject>oncolytic virus</subject><subject>Oncolytic Viruses - physiology</subject><subject>Protein synthesis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Tumor cells</subject><subject>Tumor microenvironment</subject><subject>Tumor Microenvironment - immunology</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>VC2</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1999-4915</issn><issn>1999-4915</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhSMEoqWw4AWQJTatUMA_cRxvkNCoMCMVddGhW8txrmdcJXawk4F5ewxTRi0rVj6yP597fX2K4jXB7xmT-MOOMCwIxfhJcUqklGUlCX_6QJ8UL1K6w7iuJRbPixNW0ayFOC026y2gS2vBTChYtIQ4QkI3bhh7-IluXZxTud6PUBJ0vry5LckFuvYm9PvJGbQahtmHaQtRj3sUPMoSrechRPTVmRjA71wMfgA_vSyeWd0neHW_nhXfPl-uF8vy6vrLavHpqjRVLaeybWyjeQWVqSw1ghLNNW8ttyBM19VS0Kppcd21vG2B14JCZ4SmmNSWWsIadlasDr5d0HdqjG7Qca-CdurPRogbpWPuvQfVNfk-hlYbIBVgqk3LuBCs1hJzBjZ7fTx4jXM75EL5GVH3j0wfn3i3VZuwUw0jmFGcDc7vDWL4PkOa1OCSgb7XHsKcFOVVw6SoqMjo23_QuzBHn0eVKV4JIRrBMnVxoPJwU4pgj80QrH5HQR2jkNk3D7s_kn__PgPvDsAPaINNxoE3cMRwTovIcSEyK0wy3fw_vXCTnlzwizD7if0CJRbPDw</recordid><startdate>20210622</startdate><enddate>20210622</enddate><creator>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley</creator><creator>Kousoulas, Konstantin G.</creator><creator>Rider, Paul J. F.</creator><general>Mdpi</general><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210622</creationdate><title>The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment</title><author>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley ; Kousoulas, Konstantin G. ; Rider, Paul J. F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-b8f8a54e4c4f2c721a5a5bf5fe7cdd697248b06db5bbe5672edc7a2016f2f1383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer immunotherapy</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Cancer vaccines</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Extracellular matrix</topic><topic>FDA approval</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>herpes</topic><topic>Herpes simplex</topic><topic>Herpes viruses</topic><topic>herpesvirus</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology</topic><topic>HSV</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</topic><topic>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immunosuppression</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Molecular biology</topic><topic>Neoplasms - blood supply</topic><topic>Neoplasms - immunology</topic><topic>Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Oncolysis</topic><topic>Oncolytic Virotherapy</topic><topic>oncolytic virus</topic><topic>Oncolytic Viruses - physiology</topic><topic>Protein synthesis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Tumor cells</topic><topic>Tumor microenvironment</topic><topic>Tumor Microenvironment - immunology</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>VC2</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kousoulas, Konstantin G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rider, Paul J. F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Viruses</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Uche, Ifeanyi Kingsley</au><au>Kousoulas, Konstantin G.</au><au>Rider, Paul J. F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment</atitle><jtitle>Viruses</jtitle><stitle>VIRUSES-BASEL</stitle><addtitle>Viruses</addtitle><date>2021-06-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1200</spage><pages>1200-</pages><artnum>1200</artnum><issn>1999-4915</issn><eissn>1999-4915</eissn><abstract>The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the restoration or establishment of these anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). The clinical success of some of these immunotherapeutic modalities, including herpes simplex virus type-1 derived OVT, resulted in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in treatment of human cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond or benefit equally from these immunotherapies. The creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents an important barrier preventing success of many immunotherapeutic approaches. Mechanisms of immunosuppression in the TME are a major area of current research. In this review, we discuss how oncolytic HSV affects the tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Where possible we focus on oncolytic HSV strains for which clinical data is available, and discuss how these viruses alter the vasculature, extracellular matrix and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><pmid>34206677</pmid><doi>10.3390/v13071200</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1999-4915 |
| ispartof | Viruses, 2021-06, Vol.13 (7), p.1200, Article 1200 |
| issn | 1999-4915 1999-4915 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8310320 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animals Antigens Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Cancer therapies Cancer vaccines Chemotherapy Cold Extracellular matrix FDA approval Genes herpes Herpes simplex Herpes viruses herpesvirus Herpesvirus 1, Human - physiology HSV Humans Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use Immune response Immunosuppression Immunotherapy Kinases Life Sciences & Biomedicine Lymphocytes Molecular biology Neoplasms - blood supply Neoplasms - immunology Neoplasms - therapy Oncolysis Oncolytic Virotherapy oncolytic virus Oncolytic Viruses - physiology Protein synthesis Proteins Radiation Review Science & Technology Tumor cells Tumor microenvironment Tumor Microenvironment - immunology Tumors VC2 Virology Viruses |
| title | The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-16T23%3A46%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Effect%20of%20Herpes%20Simplex%20Virus-Type-1%20(HSV-1)%20Oncolytic%20Immunotherapy%20on%20the%20Tumor%20Microenvironment&rft.jtitle=Viruses&rft.au=Uche,%20Ifeanyi%20Kingsley&rft.date=2021-06-22&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1200&rft.pages=1200-&rft.artnum=1200&rft.issn=1999-4915&rft.eissn=1999-4915&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/v13071200&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2548397427%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2554777873&rft_id=info:pmid/34206677&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_d86720ebace14e02acb357736a9053ef&rfr_iscdi=true |