Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may be a risk factor for altered immune maturation in the offspring. We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life T...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-07, Vol.18 (14), p.7431 |
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| creator | Martins Costa Gomes, Gabriela Karmaus, Wilfried Murphy, Vanessa E. Gibson, Peter G. Percival, Elizabeth Hansbro, Philip M. Starkey, Malcolm R. Mattes, Joerg Collison, Adam M. |
| description | Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may be a risk factor for altered immune maturation in the offspring. We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life Trial. For each patient (n = 91), daily mean ambient air pollutant levels were extracted during their entire pregnancy for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph18147431 |
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We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life Trial. For each patient (n = 91), daily mean ambient air pollutant levels were extracted during their entire pregnancy for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) or <2.5 μm (PM2.5), humidity, and temperature. Ninety-one cord blood samples were collected, stained, and assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Principal Component (PC) analyses of both air pollutants and cell types with linear regression were employed to define associations. Considering risk factors and correlations between PCs, only one PC from air pollutants and two from cell types were statistically significant. PCs from air pollutants were characterized by higher PM2.5 and lower SO2 levels. PCs from cell types were characterized by high numbers of CD8 T cells, low numbers of CD4 T cells, and by high numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and low numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs). PM2.5 levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with high numbers of pDCs (p = 0.006), and SO2 with high numbers of CD8 T cells (p = 0.002) and low numbers of CD4 T cells (p = 0.011) and mDCs (p = 4.43 × 10−6) in cord blood. These data suggest that ambient SO2 and PM2.5 exposure are associated with shifts in cord blood cell types that are known to play significant roles in inflammatory respiratory disease in childhood.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147431</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34299892</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air pollution ; Asthma ; Babies ; Birth weight ; Blood ; Blood cells ; Carbon monoxide ; CD4 antigen ; CD8 antigen ; Children ; Chronic illnesses ; Cord blood ; Cytotoxicity ; Dendritic cells ; Exposure ; Fetuses ; Flow cytometry ; Fluorescence ; Humidity ; Immune system ; Lung diseases ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes T ; Mothers ; Nitric oxide ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Offspring ; Organic chemicals ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; Pollutants ; Pregnancy ; Principal components analysis ; Quality control ; Respiratory diseases ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Sulfur ; Sulfur dioxide ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021-07, Vol.18 (14), p.7431</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-e8ab63135646ca24724b1879e30a50f919be61477d728634d43e55b0f860dd2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-e8ab63135646ca24724b1879e30a50f919be61477d728634d43e55b0f860dd2a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2684-1492 ; 0000-0002-4741-3035 ; 0000-0002-7359-7464 ; 0000-0003-3282-1324 ; 0000-0002-9807-7211 ; 0000-0002-3074-3046</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8303567/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8303567/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martins Costa Gomes, Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karmaus, Wilfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Vanessa E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gibson, Peter G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Percival, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansbro, Philip M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Starkey, Malcolm R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattes, Joerg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collison, Adam M.</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><description>Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may be a risk factor for altered immune maturation in the offspring. We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life Trial. For each patient (n = 91), daily mean ambient air pollutant levels were extracted during their entire pregnancy for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) or <2.5 μm (PM2.5), humidity, and temperature. Ninety-one cord blood samples were collected, stained, and assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Principal Component (PC) analyses of both air pollutants and cell types with linear regression were employed to define associations. Considering risk factors and correlations between PCs, only one PC from air pollutants and two from cell types were statistically significant. PCs from air pollutants were characterized by higher PM2.5 and lower SO2 levels. PCs from cell types were characterized by high numbers of CD8 T cells, low numbers of CD4 T cells, and by high numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and low numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs). PM2.5 levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with high numbers of pDCs (p = 0.006), and SO2 with high numbers of CD8 T cells (p = 0.002) and low numbers of CD4 T cells (p = 0.011) and mDCs (p = 4.43 × 10−6) in cord blood. These data suggest that ambient SO2 and PM2.5 exposure are associated with shifts in cord blood cell types that are known to play significant roles in inflammatory respiratory disease in childhood.</description><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood cells</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Cord blood</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dendritic cells</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Lung diseases</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Offspring</subject><subject>Organic chemicals</subject><subject>Particulate emissions</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1rGzEQhkVoiNO0154FvfTiVFp97OpS2JokNQSSQ3IW2tWsLaOVbGnXJf--Cg6l6WlmmGfemZdB6Asl14wp8t3tIO23tKG85oyeoUsqJVlySeiHf_IF-pjzjhDWcKku0ILxSqlGVZfocBOOLsUwQpiMx61L-DF6P08mTBmvw9Z4sNjOyYUNfkywCSb0L7hNgNucY-_MVPq_3bTFrZ8glWIVk8U_fYwWr8dxDoBX4H0ZjoPzkD-h88H4DJ_f4hV6vr15Wv1a3j_crVft_bJnSkxLaEwnGWVCctmbitcV72hTK2DECDIoqjqQxXVt66qRjFvOQIiODI0k1laGXaEfJ9393I1g-2IwGa_3yY0mvehonH7fCW6rN_GoG0bK1roIfHsTSPEwQ5706HJfrJgAcc66EkJQyqlkBf36H7qLcwrF3ivFBa8YpYW6PlF9ijknGP4eQ4l-_aZ-_032B5Gskq0</recordid><startdate>20210712</startdate><enddate>20210712</enddate><creator>Martins Costa Gomes, Gabriela</creator><creator>Karmaus, Wilfried</creator><creator>Murphy, Vanessa E.</creator><creator>Gibson, Peter G.</creator><creator>Percival, Elizabeth</creator><creator>Hansbro, Philip M.</creator><creator>Starkey, Malcolm R.</creator><creator>Mattes, Joerg</creator><creator>Collison, Adam M.</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-1492</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-3035</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-7464</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-1324</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9807-7211</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-3046</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210712</creationdate><title>Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles</title><author>Martins Costa Gomes, Gabriela ; 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We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life Trial. For each patient (n = 91), daily mean ambient air pollutant levels were extracted during their entire pregnancy for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) or <2.5 μm (PM2.5), humidity, and temperature. Ninety-one cord blood samples were collected, stained, and assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Principal Component (PC) analyses of both air pollutants and cell types with linear regression were employed to define associations. Considering risk factors and correlations between PCs, only one PC from air pollutants and two from cell types were statistically significant. PCs from air pollutants were characterized by higher PM2.5 and lower SO2 levels. PCs from cell types were characterized by high numbers of CD8 T cells, low numbers of CD4 T cells, and by high numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and low numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs). PM2.5 levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with high numbers of pDCs (p = 0.006), and SO2 with high numbers of CD8 T cells (p = 0.002) and low numbers of CD4 T cells (p = 0.011) and mDCs (p = 4.43 × 10−6) in cord blood. 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| subjects | Air pollution Asthma Babies Birth weight Blood Blood cells Carbon monoxide CD4 antigen CD8 antigen Children Chronic illnesses Cord blood Cytotoxicity Dendritic cells Exposure Fetuses Flow cytometry Fluorescence Humidity Immune system Lung diseases Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Mothers Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Offspring Organic chemicals Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Pregnancy Principal components analysis Quality control Respiratory diseases Risk analysis Risk factors Statistical analysis Statistical methods Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Womens health |
| title | Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles |
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