Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults
Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) has been reported to be associated with liver-related diseases. However, studies examining the association between heavy metal exposure and liver injury in a large population are scant and characterized by inconsistent results. This study aimed t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-06, Vol.18 (13), p.6783 |
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| creator | Kim, Do-Won Ock, Jeongwon Moon, Kyong-Whan Park, Choong-Hee |
| description | Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) has been reported to be associated with liver-related diseases. However, studies examining the association between heavy metal exposure and liver injury in a large population are scant and characterized by inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of heavy metal exposure and liver injury in the general population.
Data for 2953 participants aged 19 years or more obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 (2015-2017) were used. The associations between levels of blood or urine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and liver function biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.
Regarding the blood Pb (BPb), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartiles, and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. For urinary Cd (UCd), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile; ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in the 4th quartile than in the 1st quartile. For the blood Hg (BHg), AST was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. There was no significant difference between urinary Hg (UHg) and liver function markers.
Heavy metal exposure showed an association with liver injury among the general adult population in Korea. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between heavy metals and liver injury. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph18136783 |
| format | Article |
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Data for 2953 participants aged 19 years or more obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 (2015-2017) were used. The associations between levels of blood or urine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and liver function biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.
Regarding the blood Pb (BPb), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartiles, and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. For urinary Cd (UCd), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile; ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in the 4th quartile than in the 1st quartile. For the blood Hg (BHg), AST was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. There was no significant difference between urinary Hg (UHg) and liver function markers.
Heavy metal exposure showed an association with liver injury among the general adult population in Korea. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between heavy metals and liver injury.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136783</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34202682</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Alanine ; Alanine transaminase ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; Biomarkers ; Blood ; Body mass index ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - toxicity ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Environmental health ; Environmental research ; Evaluation ; Exposure ; Heavy metals ; Households ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Lead ; Liver ; Liver diseases ; Mercury ; Mercury - toxicity ; Population ; Population studies ; Quality control ; Regression analysis ; Republic of Korea - epidemiology ; Sociodemographics ; Urine ; γ-Glutamyltransferase</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021-06, Vol.18 (13), p.6783</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-de98a3e50803e07488e63fe0cb86a044699ebf19a277f0853066fecd5f59ef383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-de98a3e50803e07488e63fe0cb86a044699ebf19a277f0853066fecd5f59ef383</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2408-8433 ; 0000-0002-5794-0883</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297092/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8297092/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34202682$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Do-Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ock, Jeongwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moon, Kyong-Whan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Choong-Hee</creatorcontrib><title>Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) has been reported to be associated with liver-related diseases. However, studies examining the association between heavy metal exposure and liver injury in a large population are scant and characterized by inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of heavy metal exposure and liver injury in the general population.
Data for 2953 participants aged 19 years or more obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 (2015-2017) were used. The associations between levels of blood or urine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and liver function biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.
Regarding the blood Pb (BPb), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartiles, and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. For urinary Cd (UCd), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile; ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in the 4th quartile than in the 1st quartile. For the blood Hg (BHg), AST was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. There was no significant difference between urinary Hg (UHg) and liver function markers.
Heavy metal exposure showed an association with liver injury among the general adult population in Korea. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between heavy metals and liver injury.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Alanine</subject><subject>Alanine transaminase</subject><subject>Aspartate aminotransferase</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - toxicity</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Environmental research</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury - toxicity</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>γ-Glutamyltransferase</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpVUUFPwjAUboxGEL16NE28MmzXrWsvJoSgEEnkoOem295gC7TYbij_3ilo4PTey_ve9315H0K3lAwYk-ShrMBtllRQxhPBzlCXck6CiBN6ftR30JX3FSFMRFxeog6LQhJyEXbRfOi9zUpdl9bgFOpPAIPnaR-P8j7WJseTBR5_baxvHPzOs3ILDk9N1bgd1mtrFvjFOtAGD_NmVftrdFHolYebQ-2h96fx22gSzF6fp6PhLMgiKuogByk0g5gIwoAkkRDAWQEkSwXXJGptSkgLKnWYJAURMSOcF5DlcRFLKJhgPfS459006RryDEzt9EptXLnWbqesLtXpxpRLtbBbJUKZEBm2BPcHAmc_GvC1qmzjTOtZhXEkWSRCmrSowR6VOeu9g-JfgRL1k4A6TaA9uDv29Q__ezn7BpERgmk</recordid><startdate>20210624</startdate><enddate>20210624</enddate><creator>Kim, Do-Won</creator><creator>Ock, Jeongwon</creator><creator>Moon, Kyong-Whan</creator><creator>Park, Choong-Hee</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-8433</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-0883</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210624</creationdate><title>Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults</title><author>Kim, Do-Won ; Ock, Jeongwon ; Moon, Kyong-Whan ; Park, Choong-Hee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-de98a3e50803e07488e63fe0cb86a044699ebf19a277f0853066fecd5f59ef383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Alanine</topic><topic>Alanine transaminase</topic><topic>Aspartate aminotransferase</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Cadmium - toxicity</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Environmental health</topic><topic>Environmental research</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mercury - toxicity</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</topic><topic>Sociodemographics</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>γ-Glutamyltransferase</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Do-Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ock, Jeongwon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moon, Kyong-Whan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Choong-Hee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Do-Won</au><au>Ock, Jeongwon</au><au>Moon, Kyong-Whan</au><au>Park, Choong-Hee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2021-06-24</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>6783</spage><pages>6783-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) has been reported to be associated with liver-related diseases. However, studies examining the association between heavy metal exposure and liver injury in a large population are scant and characterized by inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of heavy metal exposure and liver injury in the general population.
Data for 2953 participants aged 19 years or more obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 (2015-2017) were used. The associations between levels of blood or urine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and liver function biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.
Regarding the blood Pb (BPb), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartiles, and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. For urinary Cd (UCd), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile; ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in the 4th quartile than in the 1st quartile. For the blood Hg (BHg), AST was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. There was no significant difference between urinary Hg (UHg) and liver function markers.
Heavy metal exposure showed an association with liver injury among the general adult population in Korea. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between heavy metals and liver injury.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34202682</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph18136783</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-8433</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-0883</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Adults Alanine Alanine transaminase Aspartate aminotransferase Biomarkers Blood Body mass index Cadmium Cadmium - toxicity Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental health Environmental research Evaluation Exposure Heavy metals Households Humans Laboratories Lead Liver Liver diseases Mercury Mercury - toxicity Population Population studies Quality control Regression analysis Republic of Korea - epidemiology Sociodemographics Urine γ-Glutamyltransferase |
| title | Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults |
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