Clinical Outcome of Patients on Ceftazidime–Avibactam and Combination Therapy in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

INTRODUCTIONCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections have a major effect on mortality as well as healthcare cost. Intensive care units (ICUs) in India, the epicenters for multidrug-resistant organisms, are facing a "postantibiotic era" because of very limited treatment options. A latest beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) new has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. CZA inhibits class-A and class-C beta-lactamases (as well Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)), along with some class-D carbapenems such as OXA-48-like enzymes that are seen in Enterobacteriaceae has recently become available. The current study aimed to assess and present the clinical response and patient outcome with infections due to CRE when treated with CZA alone or in combination with other drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis retrospective study reviews the experience recorded and analyzed at two tertiary care centers including only adult patients with CRE infection who had received CZA alone or in combination with other antibiotics over a period between February 2019 and January 2020. RESULTSIn the period from February 2019 to January 2020, 119 culture-confirmed CRE isolates were tested for Xpert Carba-R. The predominant genetic mechanism was a combination of NDM+OXA-48 in 45/119 (37.81%). Total 40/57 patients received CZA+aztreonam alone or in combination with other drugs with an overall cure rate of 77.5% while the rest 17 received CZA alone in combination with the cure rate of 82.35%. 41/57 (71.92%) patients were in ICU. CONCLUSIONWith overall mortality of 21%, these data suggest that CZA is a viable option for patients with CRE infections. To our knowledge, this is the first Indian study reporting CZA data in CRE infections. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLENagvekar V, Shah A, Unadkat VP, Chavan A, Kohli R, Hodgar S, et al. Clinical Outcome of Patients on Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Combination Therapy in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(7):780-784.