The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling

Background Different peripheral pathways are implicated in the regulation of the food ingestion‐digestion cycle. Methods Narrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling. Results Combined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and...

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Veröffentlicht in:United European Gastroenterology Journal 2021-07, Vol.9 (6), p.727-734
Hauptverfasser: Tack, Jan, Verbeure, Wout, Mori, Hideki, Schol, Jolien, den Houte, Karen, Huang, I‐Hsuan, Balsiger, Lukas, Broeders, Bert, Colomier, Esther, Scarpellini, Emidio, Carbone, Florencia
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 727
container_title United European Gastroenterology Journal
container_volume 9
creator Tack, Jan
Verbeure, Wout
Mori, Hideki
Schol, Jolien
den Houte, Karen
Huang, I‐Hsuan
Balsiger, Lukas
Broeders, Bert
Colomier, Esther
Scarpellini, Emidio
Carbone, Florencia
description Background Different peripheral pathways are implicated in the regulation of the food ingestion‐digestion cycle. Methods Narrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling. Results Combined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and neural pathways provide feedback to the brain to determine sensations of hunger (increase energy intake) or satiation (cessation of energy intake) and regulate the human metabolism. The gastric accommodation reflex, which consists of a transient relaxation of the proximal stomach during food intake, has been identified as a major determinant of meal volume, through activation of tension‐sensitive gastric mechanoreceptors. Motilin, whose release is the trigger of gastric Phase 3, has been identified as the major determinant of return of hunger after a meal. In addition, the release of several peptide hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), cholecystokinin as well as motilin and ghrelin contributes to gut‐brain signalling with relevance to control of hunger and satiety. A number of nutrients, such as bitter tastants, as well as pharmacological agents, such as endocannabinoid receptor antagonists and GLP‐1 analogues act on these pathways to influence hunger, satiation and food intake. Conclusion Gastrointestinal mechanisms such as gastric accommodation and motilin release are key determinants of satiety and hunger.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ueg2.12097
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Methods Narrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling. Results Combined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and neural pathways provide feedback to the brain to determine sensations of hunger (increase energy intake) or satiation (cessation of energy intake) and regulate the human metabolism. The gastric accommodation reflex, which consists of a transient relaxation of the proximal stomach during food intake, has been identified as a major determinant of meal volume, through activation of tension‐sensitive gastric mechanoreceptors. Motilin, whose release is the trigger of gastric Phase 3, has been identified as the major determinant of return of hunger after a meal. In addition, the release of several peptide hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), cholecystokinin as well as motilin and ghrelin contributes to gut‐brain signalling with relevance to control of hunger and satiety. A number of nutrients, such as bitter tastants, as well as pharmacological agents, such as endocannabinoid receptor antagonists and GLP‐1 analogues act on these pathways to influence hunger, satiation and food intake. Conclusion Gastrointestinal mechanisms such as gastric accommodation and motilin release are key determinants of satiety and hunger.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-6406</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-6414</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12097</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34153172</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; CCK ; Cholecystokinin ; Cholecystokinin - blood ; Enzymes ; Food ; gastric accommodation ; Gastrointestinal system ; Gastrointestinal Tract - physiology ; Ghrelin - blood ; GLP‐1 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; Humans ; hunger ; Hunger - physiology ; Liraglutide ; migrating motor complex ; motilin ; Motilin - blood ; Motility ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Neurogastroenterology ; Peptides ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Review ; Satiation - physiology ; satiety ; Small intestine ; Stomach ; Taste</subject><ispartof>United European Gastroenterology Journal, 2021-07, Vol.9 (6), p.727-734</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors. 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Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5157-516f1db62bcab529eeabc1e3c4bfa3b18c7ef79bd5ad6d72f5815ffb3e9e3cb73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5157-516f1db62bcab529eeabc1e3c4bfa3b18c7ef79bd5ad6d72f5815ffb3e9e3cb73</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6050-8461 ; 0000-0002-3206-6704</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8280794/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8280794/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1417,11562,27924,27925,45574,45575,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34153172$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tack, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verbeure, Wout</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mori, Hideki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schol, Jolien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>den Houte, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, I‐Hsuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balsiger, Lukas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broeders, Bert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colomier, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scarpellini, Emidio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbone, Florencia</creatorcontrib><title>The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling</title><title>United European Gastroenterology Journal</title><addtitle>United European Gastroenterol J</addtitle><description>Background Different peripheral pathways are implicated in the regulation of the food ingestion‐digestion cycle. Methods Narrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling. Results Combined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and neural pathways provide feedback to the brain to determine sensations of hunger (increase energy intake) or satiation (cessation of energy intake) and regulate the human metabolism. The gastric accommodation reflex, which consists of a transient relaxation of the proximal stomach during food intake, has been identified as a major determinant of meal volume, through activation of tension‐sensitive gastric mechanoreceptors. Motilin, whose release is the trigger of gastric Phase 3, has been identified as the major determinant of return of hunger after a meal. In addition, the release of several peptide hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), cholecystokinin as well as motilin and ghrelin contributes to gut‐brain signalling with relevance to control of hunger and satiety. A number of nutrients, such as bitter tastants, as well as pharmacological agents, such as endocannabinoid receptor antagonists and GLP‐1 analogues act on these pathways to influence hunger, satiation and food intake. 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Methods Narrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling. Results Combined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and neural pathways provide feedback to the brain to determine sensations of hunger (increase energy intake) or satiation (cessation of energy intake) and regulate the human metabolism. The gastric accommodation reflex, which consists of a transient relaxation of the proximal stomach during food intake, has been identified as a major determinant of meal volume, through activation of tension‐sensitive gastric mechanoreceptors. Motilin, whose release is the trigger of gastric Phase 3, has been identified as the major determinant of return of hunger after a meal. In addition, the release of several peptide hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), cholecystokinin as well as motilin and ghrelin contributes to gut‐brain signalling with relevance to control of hunger and satiety. A number of nutrients, such as bitter tastants, as well as pharmacological agents, such as endocannabinoid receptor antagonists and GLP‐1 analogues act on these pathways to influence hunger, satiation and food intake. Conclusion Gastrointestinal mechanisms such as gastric accommodation and motilin release are key determinants of satiety and hunger.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>34153172</pmid><doi>10.1002/ueg2.12097</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-8461</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-6704</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
CCK
Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin - blood
Enzymes
Food
gastric accommodation
Gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal Tract - physiology
Ghrelin - blood
GLP‐1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Humans
hunger
Hunger - physiology
Liraglutide
migrating motor complex
motilin
Motilin - blood
Motility
Myoelectric Complex, Migrating
Neurogastroenterology
Peptides
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Review
Satiation - physiology
satiety
Small intestine
Stomach
Taste
title The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling
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