Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation
The effect of the presence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was investigated. Different weight percen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2021-06, Vol.13 (13), p.2134 |
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| creator | Paszkiewicz, Sandra Irska, Izabela Taraghi, Iman Piesowicz, Elżbieta Sieminski, Jakub Zawisza, Karolina Pypeć, Krzysztof Dobrzynska, Renata Terelak-Tymczyna, Agnieszka Stateczny, Kamil Szymczak, Bartłomiej |
| description | The effect of the presence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was investigated. Different weight percentages of HNT and ATH-sil nanoparticles, as well as the hybrid system of those nanofillers, were melt mixed with the polymer blend (reference sample) using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer compositions was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, hardness, water absorption, and melt flow index (MFI) of the compositions were assessed. The tensile strength increases as a function of the amount of HNT nanofiller; however, the elongation at break decreases. In the case of the hybrid system of nanofillers, the compositions showed superior mechanical properties. The thermal properties of the reference sample and those of the corresponding sample with nanofiller blends were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two peaks were observed in the melting and crystallization temperatures. This shows that the EVA/LDPE is an immiscible polymer blend. The thermal stability of the blends was improved by the presence of HNTs and ATH-sil nanoparticles. Thermal degradation temperatures were shifted to higher values by the presence of hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the flammability of the compositions was assessed. Flammability as reflected by the limiting oxygen index (OI) was increased by the presence of HNT and ATH-sil nanofiller and a hybrid system of the nanoparticles. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym13132134 |
| format | Article |
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Different weight percentages of HNT and ATH-sil nanoparticles, as well as the hybrid system of those nanofillers, were melt mixed with the polymer blend (reference sample) using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer compositions was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, hardness, water absorption, and melt flow index (MFI) of the compositions were assessed. The tensile strength increases as a function of the amount of HNT nanofiller; however, the elongation at break decreases. In the case of the hybrid system of nanofillers, the compositions showed superior mechanical properties. The thermal properties of the reference sample and those of the corresponding sample with nanofiller blends were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two peaks were observed in the melting and crystallization temperatures. This shows that the EVA/LDPE is an immiscible polymer blend. The thermal stability of the blends was improved by the presence of HNTs and ATH-sil nanoparticles. Thermal degradation temperatures were shifted to higher values by the presence of hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the flammability of the compositions was assessed. Flammability as reflected by the limiting oxygen index (OI) was increased by the presence of HNT and ATH-sil nanofiller and a hybrid system of the nanoparticles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym13132134</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34209627</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alumina ; Aluminum hydroxide ; Composition ; Copolymers ; Crystallization ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Elongation ; Ethylene vinyl acetates ; Flame retardants ; Flammability ; Heat conductivity ; Hybrid systems ; Insulation ; Localization ; Low density polyethylenes ; Mechanical properties ; Melt flow index ; Morphology ; Nanocomposites ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotubes ; Polyethylene ; Polymer blends ; Polymers ; Silanes ; Tensile strength ; Thermal degradation ; Thermal stability ; Thermodynamic properties ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Zeolites</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2021-06, Vol.13 (13), p.2134</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-e3fe002c09fe6b715d0bc241967d476becc566b49299866faffd5a2c69611f2f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-e3fe002c09fe6b715d0bc241967d476becc566b49299866faffd5a2c69611f2f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5469-5045 ; 0000-0002-5521-1847 ; 0000-0001-7487-9220 ; 0000-0003-4371-5236</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8272039/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8272039/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Paszkiewicz, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irska, Izabela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taraghi, Iman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piesowicz, Elżbieta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sieminski, Jakub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zawisza, Karolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pypeć, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobrzynska, Renata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terelak-Tymczyna, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stateczny, Kamil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szymczak, Bartłomiej</creatorcontrib><title>Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation</title><title>Polymers</title><description>The effect of the presence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was investigated. Different weight percentages of HNT and ATH-sil nanoparticles, as well as the hybrid system of those nanofillers, were melt mixed with the polymer blend (reference sample) using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer compositions was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, hardness, water absorption, and melt flow index (MFI) of the compositions were assessed. The tensile strength increases as a function of the amount of HNT nanofiller; however, the elongation at break decreases. In the case of the hybrid system of nanofillers, the compositions showed superior mechanical properties. The thermal properties of the reference sample and those of the corresponding sample with nanofiller blends were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two peaks were observed in the melting and crystallization temperatures. This shows that the EVA/LDPE is an immiscible polymer blend. The thermal stability of the blends was improved by the presence of HNTs and ATH-sil nanoparticles. Thermal degradation temperatures were shifted to higher values by the presence of hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the flammability of the compositions was assessed. Flammability as reflected by the limiting oxygen index (OI) was increased by the presence of HNT and ATH-sil nanofiller and a hybrid system of the nanoparticles.</description><subject>Alumina</subject><subject>Aluminum hydroxide</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Copolymers</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Differential scanning calorimetry</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Ethylene vinyl acetates</subject><subject>Flame retardants</subject><subject>Flammability</subject><subject>Heat conductivity</subject><subject>Hybrid systems</subject><subject>Insulation</subject><subject>Localization</subject><subject>Low density polyethylenes</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Melt flow index</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanotubes</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polymer blends</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Silanes</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Thermal degradation</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><subject>Thermodynamic properties</subject><subject>Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><subject>Zeolites</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc9rFTEQx4MottQevQe8eFmbX5t9uQjlYX2FomKf55DNTvpSsskzyRb24t_uLi3FOpcZZj58mZkvQu8p-cS5IhfHFOaRcsoZ5eIVOmWk443gkrz-pz5B56XckyVEKyXt3qITLhhRknWn6M_OhJDm4ivgbyamOvVQsIkDvvXBRGj2GUyFAV-GafTR4H32h3nISw_v5j77AV8FMwL-CdXkwcSKb-dSYcQuZbzzd4fmB-SlHk20gLemD4CvY5mCqT7Fd-iNM6HA-VM-Q7-uvuy3u-bm-9fr7eVNY7litQHugBBmiXIg-462A-ktE1TJbhCd7MHa5bReKKbURkpnnBtaw6xUklLHHD9Dnx91j1M_wmAh1myCPmY_mjzrZLx-OYn-oO_Sg96wjhGuFoGPTwI5_Z6gVD36YiGsP0pT0awVG7H-eEU__IfepynH5byVUu3inFqp5pGyOZWSwT0vQ4lezdUvzOV_AWO7mOQ</recordid><startdate>20210629</startdate><enddate>20210629</enddate><creator>Paszkiewicz, Sandra</creator><creator>Irska, Izabela</creator><creator>Taraghi, Iman</creator><creator>Piesowicz, Elżbieta</creator><creator>Sieminski, Jakub</creator><creator>Zawisza, Karolina</creator><creator>Pypeć, Krzysztof</creator><creator>Dobrzynska, Renata</creator><creator>Terelak-Tymczyna, Agnieszka</creator><creator>Stateczny, Kamil</creator><creator>Szymczak, Bartłomiej</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-5045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-1847</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7487-9220</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-5236</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210629</creationdate><title>Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation</title><author>Paszkiewicz, Sandra ; Irska, Izabela ; Taraghi, Iman ; Piesowicz, Elżbieta ; Sieminski, Jakub ; Zawisza, Karolina ; Pypeć, Krzysztof ; Dobrzynska, Renata ; Terelak-Tymczyna, Agnieszka ; Stateczny, Kamil ; Szymczak, Bartłomiej</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-e3fe002c09fe6b715d0bc241967d476becc566b49299866faffd5a2c69611f2f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alumina</topic><topic>Aluminum hydroxide</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Copolymers</topic><topic>Crystallization</topic><topic>Differential scanning calorimetry</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Ethylene vinyl acetates</topic><topic>Flame retardants</topic><topic>Flammability</topic><topic>Heat conductivity</topic><topic>Hybrid systems</topic><topic>Insulation</topic><topic>Localization</topic><topic>Low density polyethylenes</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Melt flow index</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanotubes</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polymer blends</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Silanes</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Thermal degradation</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><topic>Thermodynamic properties</topic><topic>Thermogravimetric analysis</topic><topic>Zeolites</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Paszkiewicz, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irska, Izabela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taraghi, Iman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piesowicz, Elżbieta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sieminski, Jakub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zawisza, Karolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pypeć, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobrzynska, Renata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terelak-Tymczyna, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stateczny, Kamil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szymczak, Bartłomiej</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Paszkiewicz, Sandra</au><au>Irska, Izabela</au><au>Taraghi, Iman</au><au>Piesowicz, Elżbieta</au><au>Sieminski, Jakub</au><au>Zawisza, Karolina</au><au>Pypeć, Krzysztof</au><au>Dobrzynska, Renata</au><au>Terelak-Tymczyna, Agnieszka</au><au>Stateczny, Kamil</au><au>Szymczak, Bartłomiej</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><date>2021-06-29</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>2134</spage><pages>2134-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>The effect of the presence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was investigated. Different weight percentages of HNT and ATH-sil nanoparticles, as well as the hybrid system of those nanofillers, were melt mixed with the polymer blend (reference sample) using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer compositions was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, hardness, water absorption, and melt flow index (MFI) of the compositions were assessed. The tensile strength increases as a function of the amount of HNT nanofiller; however, the elongation at break decreases. In the case of the hybrid system of nanofillers, the compositions showed superior mechanical properties. The thermal properties of the reference sample and those of the corresponding sample with nanofiller blends were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two peaks were observed in the melting and crystallization temperatures. This shows that the EVA/LDPE is an immiscible polymer blend. The thermal stability of the blends was improved by the presence of HNTs and ATH-sil nanoparticles. Thermal degradation temperatures were shifted to higher values by the presence of hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the flammability of the compositions was assessed. Flammability as reflected by the limiting oxygen index (OI) was increased by the presence of HNT and ATH-sil nanofiller and a hybrid system of the nanoparticles.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34209627</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym13132134</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5469-5045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-1847</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7487-9220</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-5236</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alumina Aluminum hydroxide Composition Copolymers Crystallization Differential scanning calorimetry Elongation Ethylene vinyl acetates Flame retardants Flammability Heat conductivity Hybrid systems Insulation Localization Low density polyethylenes Mechanical properties Melt flow index Morphology Nanocomposites Nanoparticles Nanotubes Polyethylene Polymer blends Polymers Silanes Tensile strength Thermal degradation Thermal stability Thermodynamic properties Thermogravimetric analysis Zeolites |
| title | Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation |
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