High pretreatment static and dynamic alpha‐fetoprotein values predict reduced overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a well‐established and widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, diagnostic...

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Veröffentlicht in:United European gastroenterology journal 2021-04, Vol.9 (3), p.388-397
Hauptverfasser: Czauderna, Carolin, Schmidtmann, Irene, Koch, Sandra, Pilz, Lukas, Heinrich, Sophia, Otto, Gerd, Mittler, Jens, Lang, Hauke, Kloeckner, Roman, Düber, Christoph, Sprinzl, Martin F., Worns, Marcus A., Galle, Peter R., Marquardt, Jens U., Weinmann, Arndt
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container_title United European gastroenterology journal
container_volume 9
creator Czauderna, Carolin
Schmidtmann, Irene
Koch, Sandra
Pilz, Lukas
Heinrich, Sophia
Otto, Gerd
Mittler, Jens
Lang, Hauke
Kloeckner, Roman
Düber, Christoph
Sprinzl, Martin F.
Worns, Marcus A.
Galle, Peter R.
Marquardt, Jens U.
Weinmann, Arndt
description Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a well‐established and widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, diagnostic accuracy of static AFP values is limited and the clinical potential is a matter of ongoing scientific discussion. Objective We here evaluated the prognostic impact of pretreatment static and dynamic AFP variables on overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a Western cohort. Methods Patients with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 809) treated at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz between 1998 and 2014 and two available pretreatment AFP‐values (AFP‐slope) were retrospectively analysed. Clinicopathological baseline parameters, pretreatment static values and AFP‐slope were assessed. Prognostic impact was determined by Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression models. Results High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy were associated with reduced survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Several known clinical parameters such as Child–Pugh B (p < 0.01) and C stage (p 
doi_str_mv 10.1177/2050640620972611
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Novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a well‐established and widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, diagnostic accuracy of static AFP values is limited and the clinical potential is a matter of ongoing scientific discussion. Objective We here evaluated the prognostic impact of pretreatment static and dynamic AFP variables on overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a Western cohort. Methods Patients with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 809) treated at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz between 1998 and 2014 and two available pretreatment AFP‐values (AFP‐slope) were retrospectively analysed. Clinicopathological baseline parameters, pretreatment static values and AFP‐slope were assessed. Prognostic impact was determined by Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression models. Results High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy were associated with reduced survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Several known clinical parameters such as Child–Pugh B (p &lt; 0.01) and C stage (p &lt; 0.001), portal vein thrombosis (p &lt; 0.001) and extrahepatic spread (p &lt; 0.001) were confirmed as independent predictors for overall survival. Addition of static and/or dynamic AFP variable resulted in higher time‐dependent area under the curves. Notably, in patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP‐slope prior to therapy was a slightly stronger predictor for overall survival compared with static AFP values. Conclusion Static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy are predictive for overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Addition of AFP‐slope to established prognostic parameters might improve prognostic classification for a subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with preserved liver function and without portal vein tumour thrombosis. Key Summary Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is the most commonly used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but accuracy of static and dynamic AFP values is limited and the prognostic significance is under debate. High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy are associated with reduced survival rates of HCC patients across different tumour stages and treatment modalities. In patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP‐slope prior to therapy was a better predictor for overall survival in comparison with static AFP values. Addition of AFP‐slope to established prognostic parameters might improve prognostic classification for a subgroup of HCC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-6406</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-6414</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/2050640620972611</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33709539</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Ablation ; Alcohol ; alpha‐fetoprotein ; biomarker ; Biomarkers ; Etiology ; Hepatitis ; Hepatobiliary ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; Liver cancer ; Liver cirrhosis ; Liver diseases ; Liver transplants ; Medical prognosis ; Original ; Patients ; prognosis ; Regression analysis ; Surveillance ; survival ; Thrombosis</subject><ispartof>United European gastroenterology journal, 2021-04, Vol.9 (3), p.388-397</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. United European Gastroenterology Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of United European Gastroenterology.</rights><rights>2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4726-3fed6e16c1367ab4148721d0f67df6854b29b2b80d1bffe91d824921779ee3103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4726-3fed6e16c1367ab4148721d0f67df6854b29b2b80d1bffe91d824921779ee3103</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3650-2921</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8259127/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8259127/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1416,11560,27922,27923,45572,45573,46050,46474,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33709539$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Czauderna, Carolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidtmann, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koch, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilz, Lukas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heinrich, Sophia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otto, Gerd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mittler, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lang, Hauke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kloeckner, Roman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Düber, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprinzl, Martin F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Worns, Marcus A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galle, Peter R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marquardt, Jens U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinmann, Arndt</creatorcontrib><title>High pretreatment static and dynamic alpha‐fetoprotein values predict reduced overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma</title><title>United European gastroenterology journal</title><addtitle>United European Gastroenterol J</addtitle><description>Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a well‐established and widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, diagnostic accuracy of static AFP values is limited and the clinical potential is a matter of ongoing scientific discussion. Objective We here evaluated the prognostic impact of pretreatment static and dynamic AFP variables on overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a Western cohort. Methods Patients with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 809) treated at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz between 1998 and 2014 and two available pretreatment AFP‐values (AFP‐slope) were retrospectively analysed. Clinicopathological baseline parameters, pretreatment static values and AFP‐slope were assessed. Prognostic impact was determined by Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression models. Results High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy were associated with reduced survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Several known clinical parameters such as Child–Pugh B (p &lt; 0.01) and C stage (p &lt; 0.001), portal vein thrombosis (p &lt; 0.001) and extrahepatic spread (p &lt; 0.001) were confirmed as independent predictors for overall survival. Addition of static and/or dynamic AFP variable resulted in higher time‐dependent area under the curves. Notably, in patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP‐slope prior to therapy was a slightly stronger predictor for overall survival compared with static AFP values. Conclusion Static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy are predictive for overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Addition of AFP‐slope to established prognostic parameters might improve prognostic classification for a subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with preserved liver function and without portal vein tumour thrombosis. Key Summary Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is the most commonly used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but accuracy of static and dynamic AFP values is limited and the prognostic significance is under debate. High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy are associated with reduced survival rates of HCC patients across different tumour stages and treatment modalities. In patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP‐slope prior to therapy was a better predictor for overall survival in comparison with static AFP values. 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Novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a well‐established and widely used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, diagnostic accuracy of static AFP values is limited and the clinical potential is a matter of ongoing scientific discussion. Objective We here evaluated the prognostic impact of pretreatment static and dynamic AFP variables on overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a Western cohort. Methods Patients with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 809) treated at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz between 1998 and 2014 and two available pretreatment AFP‐values (AFP‐slope) were retrospectively analysed. Clinicopathological baseline parameters, pretreatment static values and AFP‐slope were assessed. Prognostic impact was determined by Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression models. Results High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy were associated with reduced survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Several known clinical parameters such as Child–Pugh B (p &lt; 0.01) and C stage (p &lt; 0.001), portal vein thrombosis (p &lt; 0.001) and extrahepatic spread (p &lt; 0.001) were confirmed as independent predictors for overall survival. Addition of static and/or dynamic AFP variable resulted in higher time‐dependent area under the curves. Notably, in patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP‐slope prior to therapy was a slightly stronger predictor for overall survival compared with static AFP values. Conclusion Static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy are predictive for overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Addition of AFP‐slope to established prognostic parameters might improve prognostic classification for a subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with preserved liver function and without portal vein tumour thrombosis. Key Summary Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is the most commonly used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but accuracy of static and dynamic AFP values is limited and the prognostic significance is under debate. High static and dynamic AFP variables prior to therapy are associated with reduced survival rates of HCC patients across different tumour stages and treatment modalities. In patients with more favourable prognosis, AFP‐slope prior to therapy was a better predictor for overall survival in comparison with static AFP values. Addition of AFP‐slope to established prognostic parameters might improve prognostic classification for a subgroup of HCC.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>33709539</pmid><doi>10.1177/2050640620972611</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3650-2921</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Ablation
Alcohol
alpha‐fetoprotein
biomarker
Biomarkers
Etiology
Hepatitis
Hepatobiliary
hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Liver diseases
Liver transplants
Medical prognosis
Original
Patients
prognosis
Regression analysis
Surveillance
survival
Thrombosis
title High pretreatment static and dynamic alpha‐fetoprotein values predict reduced overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
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