Sugars promote graft union development in the heterograft of cucumber onto pumpkin
The use of heterografts is widely applied for the production of several important commercial crops, but the molecular mechanism of graft union formation remains poorly understood. Here, cucumber grafted onto pumpkin was used to study graft union development, and genome-wide tempo-spatial gene expres...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Horticulture research 2021-07, Vol.8 (1), Article 146 |
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| creator | Miao, Li Li, Qing Sun, Tian-shu Chai, Sen Wang, Changlin Bai, Longqiang Sun, Mintao Li, Yansu Qin, Xing Zhang, Zhonghua Yu, Xianchang |
| description | The use of heterografts is widely applied for the production of several important commercial crops, but the molecular mechanism of graft union formation remains poorly understood. Here, cucumber grafted onto pumpkin was used to study graft union development, and genome-wide tempo-spatial gene expression at the graft interface was comprehensively investigated. Histological analysis suggested that resumption of the rootstock growth occurred after both phloem and xylem reconnection, and the scion showed evident callus production compared with the rootstock 3 days after grafting. Consistently, transcriptome data revealed specific responses between the scion and rootstock in the expression of genes related to cambium development, the cell cycle, and sugar metabolism during both vascular reconnection and healing, indicating distinct mechanisms. Additionally, lower levels of sugars and significantly changed sugar enzyme activities at the graft junction were observed during vascular reconnection. Next, we found that the healing process of grafted etiolated seedlings was significantly delayed, and graft success, xylem reconnection, and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced by exogenous glucose. This demonstrates that graft union formation requires the correct sugar content. Furthermore, we also found that graft union formation was delayed with a lower energy charge by the target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor AZD-8055, and xylem reconnection and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced under AZD-8055 with exogenous glucose treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that sugars play a positive role in graft union formation by promoting the growth of cucumber/pumpkin and provide useful information for understanding graft union healing and the application of heterografting in the future. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41438-021-00580-5 |
| format | Article |
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Here, cucumber grafted onto pumpkin was used to study graft union development, and genome-wide tempo-spatial gene expression at the graft interface was comprehensively investigated. Histological analysis suggested that resumption of the rootstock growth occurred after both phloem and xylem reconnection, and the scion showed evident callus production compared with the rootstock 3 days after grafting. Consistently, transcriptome data revealed specific responses between the scion and rootstock in the expression of genes related to cambium development, the cell cycle, and sugar metabolism during both vascular reconnection and healing, indicating distinct mechanisms. Additionally, lower levels of sugars and significantly changed sugar enzyme activities at the graft junction were observed during vascular reconnection. Next, we found that the healing process of grafted etiolated seedlings was significantly delayed, and graft success, xylem reconnection, and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced by exogenous glucose. This demonstrates that graft union formation requires the correct sugar content. Furthermore, we also found that graft union formation was delayed with a lower energy charge by the target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor AZD-8055, and xylem reconnection and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced under AZD-8055 with exogenous glucose treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that sugars play a positive role in graft union formation by promoting the growth of cucumber/pumpkin and provide useful information for understanding graft union healing and the application of heterografting in the future.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2662-6810</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2052-7276</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00580-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34193850</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/136/334/2246 ; 631/337/641 ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Callus ; Cell cycle ; Cucumbers ; Ecology ; Energy charge ; Enzymatic activity ; Gene expression ; Genomes ; Glucose ; Grafting ; Healing ; Life Sciences ; Metabolism ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Plant Sciences ; Rapamycin ; Seedlings ; Sugar ; TOR protein ; Transcriptomes ; Xylem</subject><ispartof>Horticulture research, 2021-07, Vol.8 (1), Article 146</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. 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Here, cucumber grafted onto pumpkin was used to study graft union development, and genome-wide tempo-spatial gene expression at the graft interface was comprehensively investigated. Histological analysis suggested that resumption of the rootstock growth occurred after both phloem and xylem reconnection, and the scion showed evident callus production compared with the rootstock 3 days after grafting. Consistently, transcriptome data revealed specific responses between the scion and rootstock in the expression of genes related to cambium development, the cell cycle, and sugar metabolism during both vascular reconnection and healing, indicating distinct mechanisms. Additionally, lower levels of sugars and significantly changed sugar enzyme activities at the graft junction were observed during vascular reconnection. Next, we found that the healing process of grafted etiolated seedlings was significantly delayed, and graft success, xylem reconnection, and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced by exogenous glucose. This demonstrates that graft union formation requires the correct sugar content. Furthermore, we also found that graft union formation was delayed with a lower energy charge by the target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor AZD-8055, and xylem reconnection and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced under AZD-8055 with exogenous glucose treatment. 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Here, cucumber grafted onto pumpkin was used to study graft union development, and genome-wide tempo-spatial gene expression at the graft interface was comprehensively investigated. Histological analysis suggested that resumption of the rootstock growth occurred after both phloem and xylem reconnection, and the scion showed evident callus production compared with the rootstock 3 days after grafting. Consistently, transcriptome data revealed specific responses between the scion and rootstock in the expression of genes related to cambium development, the cell cycle, and sugar metabolism during both vascular reconnection and healing, indicating distinct mechanisms. Additionally, lower levels of sugars and significantly changed sugar enzyme activities at the graft junction were observed during vascular reconnection. Next, we found that the healing process of grafted etiolated seedlings was significantly delayed, and graft success, xylem reconnection, and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced by exogenous glucose. This demonstrates that graft union formation requires the correct sugar content. Furthermore, we also found that graft union formation was delayed with a lower energy charge by the target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor AZD-8055, and xylem reconnection and the growth of grafted plants were enhanced under AZD-8055 with exogenous glucose treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that sugars play a positive role in graft union formation by promoting the growth of cucumber/pumpkin and provide useful information for understanding graft union healing and the application of heterografting in the future.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>34193850</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41438-021-00580-5</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 631/136/334/2246 631/337/641 Agricultural production Agriculture Biomedical and Life Sciences Callus Cell cycle Cucumbers Ecology Energy charge Enzymatic activity Gene expression Genomes Glucose Grafting Healing Life Sciences Metabolism Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Genetics and Genomics Plant Sciences Rapamycin Seedlings Sugar TOR protein Transcriptomes Xylem |
| title | Sugars promote graft union development in the heterograft of cucumber onto pumpkin |
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