Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides
Fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years. Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveg...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2021-06, Vol.14 (12), p.3185 |
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| description | Fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years. Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveguides refers to structures produced by the cross-migration of alkali (Na, K) and lanthanides (mostly La). The latter elements act as refractive index carrying elements. Herein, we report the production of Ba-based, FLIER-waveguides in phosphate glass with an index contrast > 10−2. Phosphate glasses modified with the same amount of Na2O and K2O, and variable amounts of BaO and/or La2O3 were used to produce the FLIER-waveguides with Ba and or La acting as index carriers. Ba-only modified glasses show a waveguide writing threshold and light guiding performance comparable to that of La-based structures. However, mixed Ba-La glasses show a much higher element migration threshold, and much smaller compositionally modified regions. This behavior is consistent with a competition effect in the cross-migration of both elements (Ba and La) against the alkalis. Such an effect can be applied to inhibit undesired element redistribution effects in fs-laser processing applications in multicomponent glasses. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma14123185 |
| format | Article |
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Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveguides refers to structures produced by the cross-migration of alkali (Na, K) and lanthanides (mostly La). The latter elements act as refractive index carrying elements. Herein, we report the production of Ba-based, FLIER-waveguides in phosphate glass with an index contrast > 10−2. Phosphate glasses modified with the same amount of Na2O and K2O, and variable amounts of BaO and/or La2O3 were used to produce the FLIER-waveguides with Ba and or La acting as index carriers. Ba-only modified glasses show a waveguide writing threshold and light guiding performance comparable to that of La-based structures. However, mixed Ba-La glasses show a much higher element migration threshold, and much smaller compositionally modified regions. This behavior is consistent with a competition effect in the cross-migration of both elements (Ba and La) against the alkalis. Such an effect can be applied to inhibit undesired element redistribution effects in fs-laser processing applications in multicomponent glasses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma14123185</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34207797</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Barium oxides ; Competition ; Lanthanides ; Lanthanum oxides ; Laser processing ; Lasers ; Optical waveguides ; Phosphate glass ; Refractivity ; Writing</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-06, Vol.14 (12), p.3185</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-78084252d94a5321c20772905b8ee1e34352a3c60e38882549ea09b4edc7816d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-78084252d94a5321c20772905b8ee1e34352a3c60e38882549ea09b4edc7816d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7205-396X ; 0000-0002-7322-6559 ; 0000-0002-4075-5016 ; 0000-0003-0780-803X ; 0000-0003-0241-6213</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227110/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227110/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Macias-Montero, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno-Zárate, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sotillo, Belén</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Pardo, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serna, Rosalía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez, Paloma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solis, Javier</creatorcontrib><title>Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides</title><title>Materials</title><description>Fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years. Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveguides refers to structures produced by the cross-migration of alkali (Na, K) and lanthanides (mostly La). The latter elements act as refractive index carrying elements. Herein, we report the production of Ba-based, FLIER-waveguides in phosphate glass with an index contrast > 10−2. Phosphate glasses modified with the same amount of Na2O and K2O, and variable amounts of BaO and/or La2O3 were used to produce the FLIER-waveguides with Ba and or La acting as index carriers. Ba-only modified glasses show a waveguide writing threshold and light guiding performance comparable to that of La-based structures. However, mixed Ba-La glasses show a much higher element migration threshold, and much smaller compositionally modified regions. This behavior is consistent with a competition effect in the cross-migration of both elements (Ba and La) against the alkalis. Such an effect can be applied to inhibit undesired element redistribution effects in fs-laser processing applications in multicomponent glasses.</description><subject>Barium oxides</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Lanthanides</subject><subject>Lanthanum oxides</subject><subject>Laser processing</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Optical waveguides</subject><subject>Phosphate glass</subject><subject>Refractivity</subject><subject>Writing</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1rXCEUhqW0NCHNpr9A6CYEbuvnXN0EkmHSBqYUSkKW4uiZqeFenao3kG1-eZxJ-ulGOT7n0ZeD0HtKPnKuyafRUkEZp0q-QodU61lHtRCv_zofoONS7khbvGFMv0UHXDDS97o_RI_zNG6hhhpSxIv1Glwt2E85xA2-hLGmAi5Fj5e2QMZX0U8OPF4MMEKs-Dv4UGoOq2nfHyK-sB22e777GjbZ7usXrfmX4jaHWiHiW3sPmyl4KO_Qm7UdChy_7Efo5nJxPf_SLb99vpqfLzvHFa9dr4gSTDKvhZWcUbeLwDSRKwVAgQsumeVuRoArpZgUGizRKwHe9YrOPD9CZ8_e7bQaW7UFyHYw2xxGmx9MssH8exPDD7NJ90Yx1lNKmuDkRZDTzwlKNWMoDobBRkhTMe1NJSjRlDf0w3_oXZpybPF2lCRESr0Tnj5TLqdSMqx_f4YSs5uu-TNd_gTcZJWv</recordid><startdate>20210609</startdate><enddate>20210609</enddate><creator>Macias-Montero, Manuel</creator><creator>Moreno-Zárate, Pedro</creator><creator>Muñoz, Francisco</creator><creator>Sotillo, Belén</creator><creator>Garcia-Pardo, Marina</creator><creator>Serna, Rosalía</creator><creator>Fernandez, Paloma</creator><creator>Solis, Javier</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-396X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-6559</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-5016</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-803X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-6213</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210609</creationdate><title>Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides</title><author>Macias-Montero, Manuel ; Moreno-Zárate, Pedro ; Muñoz, Francisco ; Sotillo, Belén ; Garcia-Pardo, Marina ; Serna, Rosalía ; Fernandez, Paloma ; Solis, Javier</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-78084252d94a5321c20772905b8ee1e34352a3c60e38882549ea09b4edc7816d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Barium oxides</topic><topic>Competition</topic><topic>Lanthanides</topic><topic>Lanthanum oxides</topic><topic>Laser processing</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Optical waveguides</topic><topic>Phosphate glass</topic><topic>Refractivity</topic><topic>Writing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Macias-Montero, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno-Zárate, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sotillo, Belén</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Pardo, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serna, Rosalía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez, Paloma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solis, Javier</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Macias-Montero, Manuel</au><au>Moreno-Zárate, Pedro</au><au>Muñoz, Francisco</au><au>Sotillo, Belén</au><au>Garcia-Pardo, Marina</au><au>Serna, Rosalía</au><au>Fernandez, Paloma</au><au>Solis, Javier</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><date>2021-06-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3185</spage><pages>3185-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>Fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years. Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveguides refers to structures produced by the cross-migration of alkali (Na, K) and lanthanides (mostly La). The latter elements act as refractive index carrying elements. Herein, we report the production of Ba-based, FLIER-waveguides in phosphate glass with an index contrast > 10−2. Phosphate glasses modified with the same amount of Na2O and K2O, and variable amounts of BaO and/or La2O3 were used to produce the FLIER-waveguides with Ba and or La acting as index carriers. Ba-only modified glasses show a waveguide writing threshold and light guiding performance comparable to that of La-based structures. However, mixed Ba-La glasses show a much higher element migration threshold, and much smaller compositionally modified regions. 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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Barium oxides Competition Lanthanides Lanthanum oxides Laser processing Lasers Optical waveguides Phosphate glass Refractivity Writing |
| title | Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides |
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