Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury
Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aronia melanocarpa , due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on...
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description | Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Aronia melanocarpa
, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of
A. melanocarpa.
Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups:
control; Aronia
;
Cr
receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months;
CrA
receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and
A. melanocarpa
at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months;
Cr2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively,
CrA2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of
Aronia
at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells’ shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by
Bax
and
Bcl2
gene expression: the
Bax
gene expression levels, increased significantly (
p
< 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the
Aronia
group, compared with control. In the
Cr2
,
CrA
, and
CrA2
groups, notable reduction of
Bax
gene expression (
p
< 0.001) was reported compared with the
Cr
group. Regarding the
Bcl2
gene expression (
p
< 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The
Bcl2
expression level had a similar pattern to
Bax
gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression.
Aronia
administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the
Bax/Bcl2
ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from
Aronia
are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of
Bax
and
Bcl2
proteins. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12011-020-02401-7 |
format | Article |
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Aronia melanocarpa
, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of
A. melanocarpa.
Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups:
control; Aronia
;
Cr
receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months;
CrA
receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and
A. melanocarpa
at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months;
Cr2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively,
CrA2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of
Aronia
at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells’ shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by
Bax
and
Bcl2
gene expression: the
Bax
gene expression levels, increased significantly (
p
< 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the
Aronia
group, compared with control. In the
Cr2
,
CrA
, and
CrA2
groups, notable reduction of
Bax
gene expression (
p
< 0.001) was reported compared with the
Cr
group. Regarding the
Bcl2
gene expression (
p
< 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The
Bcl2
expression level had a similar pattern to
Bax
gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression.
Aronia
administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the
Bax/Bcl2
ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from
Aronia
are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of
Bax
and
Bcl2
proteins.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-4984</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02401-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33001412</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adrenal cortex ; Adrenal glands ; Animals ; Anthocyanins ; Antioxidants ; Apoptosis ; Aronia melanocarpa ; BAX gene ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Brain architecture ; Cell size ; Chromium ; Chromium - toxicity ; Control ; Distilled water ; Gene expression ; Hexavalent chromium ; Life Sciences ; Necrosis ; Nutrition ; Oncology ; Phenolic acids ; Phenols ; Photinia ; Proanthocyanidins ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receiving waters ; Statistical methods ; Toxins ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>Biological trace element research, 2021-08, Vol.199 (8), p.2936-2944</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-d872081e68f35b2d7964572d3061920ac54e43a0499cc7b8e6984ba8811651523</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-d872081e68f35b2d7964572d3061920ac54e43a0499cc7b8e6984ba8811651523</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5420-1516</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-020-02401-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12011-020-02401-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33001412$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Savici, Jelena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cristina, Romeo Teodor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brezovan, Diana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radulov, Isidora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balta, Cornel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boldura, Oana Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muselin, Florin</creatorcontrib><title>Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury</title><title>Biological trace element research</title><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><description>Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Aronia melanocarpa
, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of
A. melanocarpa.
Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups:
control; Aronia
;
Cr
receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months;
CrA
receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and
A. melanocarpa
at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months;
Cr2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively,
CrA2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of
Aronia
at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells’ shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by
Bax
and
Bcl2
gene expression: the
Bax
gene expression levels, increased significantly (
p
< 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the
Aronia
group, compared with control. In the
Cr2
,
CrA
, and
CrA2
groups, notable reduction of
Bax
gene expression (
p
< 0.001) was reported compared with the
Cr
group. Regarding the
Bcl2
gene expression (
p
< 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The
Bcl2
expression level had a similar pattern to
Bax
gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression.
Aronia
administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the
Bax/Bcl2
ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from
Aronia
are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of
Bax
and
Bcl2
proteins.</description><subject>Adrenal cortex</subject><subject>Adrenal glands</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthocyanins</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Aronia melanocarpa</subject><subject>BAX gene</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Brain architecture</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Chromium - toxicity</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Hexavalent chromium</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Necrosis</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Phenolic acids</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Photinia</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species</subject><subject>Receiving waters</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>0163-4984</issn><issn>1559-0720</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUGP0zAQhS0EYsvCH-CALHEOzNhOnFyQogrYSitxgbPlOtM2VWIX21nRf4-XLgtcOFi2NW_ePPtj7DXCOwTQ7xMKQKxAQFkKsNJP2ArruqtAC3jKVoCNrFTXqiv2IqUjAGrRyefsSspyVihWbNfH4EfLZ5qsD87Gk-V9uYwh2kyJ90Mkbye-PudgozuMmVxeIvF-b0efMs8H4jf0w97ZiXzm60MM87jM1cYPi6OBb_xxieeX7NnOTolePezX7Nunj1_XN9Xtl8-bdX9bOaVVroa2BG-RmnYn660YdNeoWotBQoOdAOtqRUpaUF3nnN621JTHbW3bIjY11kJesw8X39OynWlwJVK0kznFcbbxbIIdzb8VPx7MPtyZVggBQhaDtw8GMXxfKGVzDEssP5CMqJWSAqXWRSUuKhdDSpF2jxMQzD0bc2FjChvzi425b3rzd7bHlt8wikBeBKmU_J7in9n_sf0JtC2ahA</recordid><startdate>20210801</startdate><enddate>20210801</enddate><creator>Savici, Jelena</creator><creator>Cristina, Romeo Teodor</creator><creator>Brezovan, Diana</creator><creator>Radulov, Isidora</creator><creator>Balta, Cornel</creator><creator>Boldura, Oana Maria</creator><creator>Muselin, Florin</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-1516</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210801</creationdate><title>Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury</title><author>Savici, Jelena ; Cristina, Romeo Teodor ; Brezovan, Diana ; Radulov, Isidora ; Balta, Cornel ; Boldura, Oana Maria ; Muselin, Florin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-d872081e68f35b2d7964572d3061920ac54e43a0499cc7b8e6984ba8811651523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adrenal cortex</topic><topic>Adrenal glands</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthocyanins</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Aronia melanocarpa</topic><topic>BAX gene</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Brain architecture</topic><topic>Cell size</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Chromium - toxicity</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Hexavalent chromium</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Necrosis</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Phenolic acids</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Photinia</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species</topic><topic>Receiving waters</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Savici, Jelena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cristina, Romeo Teodor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brezovan, Diana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radulov, Isidora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balta, Cornel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boldura, Oana Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muselin, Florin</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Savici, Jelena</au><au>Cristina, Romeo Teodor</au><au>Brezovan, Diana</au><au>Radulov, Isidora</au><au>Balta, Cornel</au><au>Boldura, Oana Maria</au><au>Muselin, Florin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury</atitle><jtitle>Biological trace element research</jtitle><stitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</stitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><date>2021-08-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>199</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2936</spage><epage>2944</epage><pages>2936-2944</pages><issn>0163-4984</issn><eissn>1559-0720</eissn><abstract>Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Aronia melanocarpa
, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of
A. melanocarpa.
Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups:
control; Aronia
;
Cr
receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months;
CrA
receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and
A. melanocarpa
at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months;
Cr2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively,
CrA2
receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of
Aronia
at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells’ shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by
Bax
and
Bcl2
gene expression: the
Bax
gene expression levels, increased significantly (
p
< 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the
Aronia
group, compared with control. In the
Cr2
,
CrA
, and
CrA2
groups, notable reduction of
Bax
gene expression (
p
< 0.001) was reported compared with the
Cr
group. Regarding the
Bcl2
gene expression (
p
< 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The
Bcl2
expression level had a similar pattern to
Bax
gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression.
Aronia
administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the
Bax/Bcl2
ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from
Aronia
are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of
Bax
and
Bcl2
proteins.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>33001412</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12011-020-02401-7</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-1516</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8222023 |
source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
subjects | Adrenal cortex Adrenal glands Animals Anthocyanins Antioxidants Apoptosis Aronia melanocarpa BAX gene Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Brain architecture Cell size Chromium Chromium - toxicity Control Distilled water Gene expression Hexavalent chromium Life Sciences Necrosis Nutrition Oncology Phenolic acids Phenols Photinia Proanthocyanidins Rats Reactive Oxygen Species Receiving waters Statistical methods Toxins Variance analysis |
title | Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury |
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