Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019–2020 winter season
Influenza viruses have a high potential for genetic changes. The objectives of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin ( HA ) and neuraminidase ( NA ) sequences of represent...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Virus genes 2021-10, Vol.57 (5), p.401-412 |
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| creator | Korsun, Neli Trifonova, Ivelina Voleva, Silvia Grigorova, Iliyana Angelova, Svetla |
| description | Influenza viruses have a high potential for genetic changes. The
objectives
of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin (
HA
) and neuraminidase (
NA
) sequences of representative influenza strains, and to identify amino acid substitutions compared to the current vaccine strains. Seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage were detected using a real-time RT-PCR in 323 (23.3%), 149 (10.7%) and 138 (9.9%) out of 1387 patient samples studied, respectively. The
HA
genes of A(H3N2) viruses analysed belonged to clades 3C.3a (21 strains) and 3C.2a (5 strains): subclades 3C.2a1b + T131K, 3C.2a1b + T135K-B and 3C.2a1b + T135K-A. The clade 3C.3a and subclade 3C.2a1b viruses carried 5 and 14–17 substitutions in
HA,
as well as 3 and 9 substitutions in
NA
, respectively, in comparison with the A/Kansas/14/2017 vaccine virus, including some substitutions in the
HA
antigenic sites A, B, C and E. All 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses sequenced fell into 6B.1A5A subclade. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7–11 substitutions in
HA
, compared to the A/Brisbane/02/2018 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic site Sb, along with 6–9 changes at positions in
NA
. All 10 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced belonged to clade 1A with a triple deletion in
HA1
(genetic group 1A(Δ3)B) and carried 7 and 3 substitutions in
HA
and
NA
, respectively, with respect to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus. The results of this study confirm the rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and genetic surveillance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11262-021-01853-w |
| format | Article |
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objectives
of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin (
HA
) and neuraminidase (
NA
) sequences of representative influenza strains, and to identify amino acid substitutions compared to the current vaccine strains. Seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage were detected using a real-time RT-PCR in 323 (23.3%), 149 (10.7%) and 138 (9.9%) out of 1387 patient samples studied, respectively. The
HA
genes of A(H3N2) viruses analysed belonged to clades 3C.3a (21 strains) and 3C.2a (5 strains): subclades 3C.2a1b + T131K, 3C.2a1b + T135K-B and 3C.2a1b + T135K-A. The clade 3C.3a and subclade 3C.2a1b viruses carried 5 and 14–17 substitutions in
HA,
as well as 3 and 9 substitutions in
NA
, respectively, in comparison with the A/Kansas/14/2017 vaccine virus, including some substitutions in the
HA
antigenic sites A, B, C and E. All 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses sequenced fell into 6B.1A5A subclade. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7–11 substitutions in
HA
, compared to the A/Brisbane/02/2018 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic site Sb, along with 6–9 changes at positions in
NA
. All 10 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced belonged to clade 1A with a triple deletion in
HA1
(genetic group 1A(Δ3)B) and carried 7 and 3 substitutions in
HA
and
NA
, respectively, with respect to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus. The results of this study confirm the rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and genetic surveillance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0920-8569</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-994X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01853-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34156583</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Amino acid sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution - genetics ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Exo-a-sialidase ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics ; Hemagglutinins ; Humans ; Influenza ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines - genetics ; Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human - genetics ; Influenza, Human - virology ; Medical Microbiology ; Neuraminidase - genetics ; Original Paper ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Orthomyxoviridae - classification ; Orthomyxoviridae - genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae - pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Plant Sciences ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Seasons ; Sequence analysis ; Strains (organisms) ; Vaccines ; Virology ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Virus genes, 2021-10, Vol.57 (5), p.401-412</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-5594fdf178893ce83d4b4ad8533b0d48d9be253bd2bb1927f5182f3266b29a5d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-5594fdf178893ce83d4b4ad8533b0d48d9be253bd2bb1927f5182f3266b29a5d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3188-2283</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11262-021-01853-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11262-021-01853-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34156583$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Korsun, Neli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trifonova, Ivelina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voleva, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grigorova, Iliyana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angelova, Svetla</creatorcontrib><title>Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019–2020 winter season</title><title>Virus genes</title><addtitle>Virus Genes</addtitle><addtitle>Virus Genes</addtitle><description>Influenza viruses have a high potential for genetic changes. The
objectives
of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin (
HA
) and neuraminidase (
NA
) sequences of representative influenza strains, and to identify amino acid substitutions compared to the current vaccine strains. Seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage were detected using a real-time RT-PCR in 323 (23.3%), 149 (10.7%) and 138 (9.9%) out of 1387 patient samples studied, respectively. The
HA
genes of A(H3N2) viruses analysed belonged to clades 3C.3a (21 strains) and 3C.2a (5 strains): subclades 3C.2a1b + T131K, 3C.2a1b + T135K-B and 3C.2a1b + T135K-A. The clade 3C.3a and subclade 3C.2a1b viruses carried 5 and 14–17 substitutions in
HA,
as well as 3 and 9 substitutions in
NA
, respectively, in comparison with the A/Kansas/14/2017 vaccine virus, including some substitutions in the
HA
antigenic sites A, B, C and E. All 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses sequenced fell into 6B.1A5A subclade. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7–11 substitutions in
HA
, compared to the A/Brisbane/02/2018 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic site Sb, along with 6–9 changes at positions in
NA
. All 10 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced belonged to clade 1A with a triple deletion in
HA1
(genetic group 1A(Δ3)B) and carried 7 and 3 substitutions in
HA
and
NA
, respectively, with respect to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus. The results of this study confirm the rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and genetic surveillance.</description><subject>Amino acid sequence</subject><subject>Amino Acid Substitution - genetics</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Exo-a-sialidase</subject><subject>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics</subject><subject>Hemagglutinins</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - virology</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Neuraminidase - genetics</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Orthomyxoviridae</subject><subject>Orthomyxoviridae - classification</subject><subject>Orthomyxoviridae - genetics</subject><subject>Orthomyxoviridae - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sequence analysis</subject><subject>Strains (organisms)</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>0920-8569</issn><issn>1572-994X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAQhi1ERZfCC3BAljgHPGM7sS9IUEFbqRKXInGzHNvZdZU6i510BSfegTfkSfCypcCF00gz3__P2D8hz4C9BMa6VwUAW2wYQsNASd7sHpAVyA4brcWnh2TFNLJGyVYfk8elXDPGlELxiBxzAbKViq9IOgspzNFRt7HZujnkWOwcp0Sngc6bQGMaxiWkr5bexryUUKiL2S1jhdK6TunbZVzbHC31S9639iJkoH98-44MGd3FVF1pCbZM6Qk5GuxYwtO7ekI-vn93dXreXH44uzh9c9k40Ym5kVKLwQ_QKaW5C4p70Qvr6xt5z7xQXvcBJe899j1o7AYJCgeObdujttLzE_L64Ltd-pvgXUhztqPZ5nhj8xcz2Wj-naS4Mevp1iiETiuoBi_uDPL0eQllNtfTklO92aDsOGAnQVcKD5TLUyk5DPcbgJl9RuaQkakZmV8ZmV0VPf_7tnvJ71AqwA9A2e5_NOQ_u_9j-xOB5J-t</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Korsun, Neli</creator><creator>Trifonova, Ivelina</creator><creator>Voleva, Silvia</creator><creator>Grigorova, Iliyana</creator><creator>Angelova, Svetla</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-2283</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019–2020 winter season</title><author>Korsun, Neli ; Trifonova, Ivelina ; Voleva, Silvia ; Grigorova, Iliyana ; Angelova, Svetla</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-5594fdf178893ce83d4b4ad8533b0d48d9be253bd2bb1927f5182f3266b29a5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Amino acid sequence</topic><topic>Amino Acid Substitution - genetics</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Exo-a-sialidase</topic><topic>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics</topic><topic>Hemagglutinins</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines - genetics</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - genetics</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - virology</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Neuraminidase - genetics</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae - classification</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae - genetics</topic><topic>Orthomyxoviridae - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sequence analysis</topic><topic>Strains (organisms)</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Korsun, Neli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trifonova, Ivelina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voleva, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grigorova, Iliyana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angelova, Svetla</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Virus genes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Korsun, Neli</au><au>Trifonova, Ivelina</au><au>Voleva, Silvia</au><au>Grigorova, Iliyana</au><au>Angelova, Svetla</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019–2020 winter season</atitle><jtitle>Virus genes</jtitle><stitle>Virus Genes</stitle><addtitle>Virus Genes</addtitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>57</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>401</spage><epage>412</epage><pages>401-412</pages><issn>0920-8569</issn><eissn>1572-994X</eissn><abstract>Influenza viruses have a high potential for genetic changes. The
objectives
of this study were to analyse influenza virus circulation in Bulgaria during the 2019/2020 season, to perform a phylogenetic and molecular analyses of the haemagglutinin (
HA
) and neuraminidase (
NA
) sequences of representative influenza strains, and to identify amino acid substitutions compared to the current vaccine strains. Seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage were detected using a real-time RT-PCR in 323 (23.3%), 149 (10.7%) and 138 (9.9%) out of 1387 patient samples studied, respectively. The
HA
genes of A(H3N2) viruses analysed belonged to clades 3C.3a (21 strains) and 3C.2a (5 strains): subclades 3C.2a1b + T131K, 3C.2a1b + T135K-B and 3C.2a1b + T135K-A. The clade 3C.3a and subclade 3C.2a1b viruses carried 5 and 14–17 substitutions in
HA,
as well as 3 and 9 substitutions in
NA
, respectively, in comparison with the A/Kansas/14/2017 vaccine virus, including some substitutions in the
HA
antigenic sites A, B, C and E. All 21 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses sequenced fell into 6B.1A5A subclade. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7–11 substitutions in
HA
, compared to the A/Brisbane/02/2018 vaccine virus, three of which occurred in antigenic site Sb, along with 6–9 changes at positions in
NA
. All 10 B/Victoria-lineage viruses sequenced belonged to clade 1A with a triple deletion in
HA1
(genetic group 1A(Δ3)B) and carried 7 and 3 substitutions in
HA
and
NA
, respectively, with respect to the B/Colorado/06/2017 vaccine virus. The results of this study confirm the rapid evolution of influenza viruses and the need for continuous antigenic and genetic surveillance.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>34156583</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11262-021-01853-w</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-2283</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Virus genes, 2021-10, Vol.57 (5), p.401-412 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Amino acid sequence Amino Acid Substitution - genetics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Exo-a-sialidase Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics Hemagglutinins Humans Influenza Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza Vaccines - genetics Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use Influenza, Human - genetics Influenza, Human - virology Medical Microbiology Neuraminidase - genetics Original Paper Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae - classification Orthomyxoviridae - genetics Orthomyxoviridae - pathogenicity Phylogeny Plant Sciences Polymerase chain reaction Seasons Sequence analysis Strains (organisms) Vaccines Virology Viruses |
| title | Genetic characterisation of the influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2019–2020 winter season |
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