Is Curfew Effective in Limiting SARS-CoV-2 Progression? An Evaluation in France Based on Epidemiokinetic Analyses
Background Since late summer 2020, the French authorities implemented a curfew/lightened lockdown-alternating strategy instead of strict lockdown, to improve acceptability and limit socioeconomic consequences. However, data on curfew-related efficacy to control the epidemic are scarce. Objective To...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM 2021-09, Vol.36 (9), p.2731-2738 |
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| creator | Mégarbane, Bruno Bourasset, Fanchon Scherrmann, Jean-Michel |
| description | Background
Since late summer 2020, the French authorities implemented a curfew/lightened lockdown-alternating strategy instead of strict lockdown, to improve acceptability and limit socioeconomic consequences. However, data on curfew-related efficacy to control the epidemic are scarce.
Objective
To investigate the effects on COVID-19 spread in France of curfew combined to local and/or nationwide restrictions from late summer 2020 to mid-February 2021.
Design
We conducted a comparative evaluation using a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR)–based model completed with epidemiokinetic tools.
Main Measures
We analyzed the time-course of epidemic progression rate under curfew in French Guyana and five metropolitan regions where additional restrictions were implemented at different times. Using linear regressions of the decay/increase rates in daily contaminations, we calculated the epidemic regression half-lives (t
1/2β
) for each identified period.
Key Results
In French Guyana, two decay periods with rapid regression (t
1/2β
of ~10 days) were observed under curfew, with slowing (t
1/2β
of ~43 days) when curfew was lightened. During the 2-week pre-lockdown curfew (2020/10/17–2020/11/02) in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, and Ile-de-France, the epidemic progression was unchanged. During the post-lockdown curfew (2020/12/15–2020/02/14), the epidemic slowly regressed in Grand-Est (t
1/2β
of ~37 days), whereas its progression rate plateaued in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and increased immediately in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Ile-de-France, and Nouvelle-Aquitaine, whatever the curfew starting time was (06:00 or 08:00 pm). Interestingly, a delayed slow decay (17 days < t
1/2β
< 64 days) occurred under curfew in all regions except Ile-de-France.
Conclusions
Curfew allowed the temporary control of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, however variably in the French regions, without preventing lockdown necessity. To accelerate the epidemic regression such as observed in French Guyana, curfew should be implemented timely with additional restrictions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11606-021-06953-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8205314</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2564698394</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-cd6dbc283bc17c2fa7c8fd749a354a7c6393af42fe585204e6d3caa4108b32263</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtvUzEQhS0EoqHlD7BAllixcPH7-m5AaZQ-pEigPthajq-duiR2at8b1H-Pwy3lsWA1mplzvtHoAPCG4GOCcfOhECKxRJgShGUrGGqfgQkRVCDC2-Y5mGClOFIN4wfgVSl3GBNGqXoJDhgnjKimmYD7iwJnQ_buO5x772wfdg6GCBdhE_oQV_BqenmFZukrovBLTqvsSgkpfoLTCOc7sx5MX9u94zSbaB08McV1sI7m29C5TUjfQnR9sNVg1g_FlSPwwpt1ca8f6yG4OZ1fz87R4vPZxWy6QFZg1SPbyW5pqWJLSxpLvWms8l3DW8MEr41kLTOeU--EEhRzJztmjeEEq2X9UrJD8HHkboflxnXWxT6btd7msDH5QScT9N-bGG71Ku20olgwwivg_Qi4_cd2Pl3o_QwzJRSTYkeq9t3jsZzuB1d6fZeGXD8umgrJZatYuyfSUWVzKiU7_4QlWO8j1WOkukaqf0aq22p6--cfT5ZfGVYBGwWlruLK5d-3_4P9Ae-QrCo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2564698394</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Is Curfew Effective in Limiting SARS-CoV-2 Progression? An Evaluation in France Based on Epidemiokinetic Analyses</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Mégarbane, Bruno ; Bourasset, Fanchon ; Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</creator><creatorcontrib>Mégarbane, Bruno ; Bourasset, Fanchon ; Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Since late summer 2020, the French authorities implemented a curfew/lightened lockdown-alternating strategy instead of strict lockdown, to improve acceptability and limit socioeconomic consequences. However, data on curfew-related efficacy to control the epidemic are scarce.
Objective
To investigate the effects on COVID-19 spread in France of curfew combined to local and/or nationwide restrictions from late summer 2020 to mid-February 2021.
Design
We conducted a comparative evaluation using a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR)–based model completed with epidemiokinetic tools.
Main Measures
We analyzed the time-course of epidemic progression rate under curfew in French Guyana and five metropolitan regions where additional restrictions were implemented at different times. Using linear regressions of the decay/increase rates in daily contaminations, we calculated the epidemic regression half-lives (t
1/2β
) for each identified period.
Key Results
In French Guyana, two decay periods with rapid regression (t
1/2β
of ~10 days) were observed under curfew, with slowing (t
1/2β
of ~43 days) when curfew was lightened. During the 2-week pre-lockdown curfew (2020/10/17–2020/11/02) in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, and Ile-de-France, the epidemic progression was unchanged. During the post-lockdown curfew (2020/12/15–2020/02/14), the epidemic slowly regressed in Grand-Est (t
1/2β
of ~37 days), whereas its progression rate plateaued in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and increased immediately in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Ile-de-France, and Nouvelle-Aquitaine, whatever the curfew starting time was (06:00 or 08:00 pm). Interestingly, a delayed slow decay (17 days < t
1/2β
< 64 days) occurred under curfew in all regions except Ile-de-France.
Conclusions
Curfew allowed the temporary control of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, however variably in the French regions, without preventing lockdown necessity. To accelerate the epidemic regression such as observed in French Guyana, curfew should be implemented timely with additional restrictions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0884-8734</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-1497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06953-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34131877</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Cardiology and cardiovascular system ; Communicable Disease Control - methods ; Constrictions ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Curfews ; Decay ; Decay rate ; Disease control ; Emerging diseases ; Epidemics ; Evaluation ; France - epidemiology ; Human health and pathology ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Internal Medicine ; Life Sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metropolitan areas ; Original Research ; Pulmonology and respiratory tract ; Regression ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Summer ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2021-09, Vol.36 (9), p.2731-2738</ispartof><rights>Society of General Internal Medicine 2021</rights><rights>2021. Society of General Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>Society of General Internal Medicine 2021.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-cd6dbc283bc17c2fa7c8fd749a354a7c6393af42fe585204e6d3caa4108b32263</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-cd6dbc283bc17c2fa7c8fd749a354a7c6393af42fe585204e6d3caa4108b32263</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2522-2764</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205314/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205314/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34131877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-03858365$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mégarbane, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourasset, Fanchon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</creatorcontrib><title>Is Curfew Effective in Limiting SARS-CoV-2 Progression? An Evaluation in France Based on Epidemiokinetic Analyses</title><title>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</title><addtitle>J GEN INTERN MED</addtitle><addtitle>J Gen Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
Since late summer 2020, the French authorities implemented a curfew/lightened lockdown-alternating strategy instead of strict lockdown, to improve acceptability and limit socioeconomic consequences. However, data on curfew-related efficacy to control the epidemic are scarce.
Objective
To investigate the effects on COVID-19 spread in France of curfew combined to local and/or nationwide restrictions from late summer 2020 to mid-February 2021.
Design
We conducted a comparative evaluation using a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR)–based model completed with epidemiokinetic tools.
Main Measures
We analyzed the time-course of epidemic progression rate under curfew in French Guyana and five metropolitan regions where additional restrictions were implemented at different times. Using linear regressions of the decay/increase rates in daily contaminations, we calculated the epidemic regression half-lives (t
1/2β
) for each identified period.
Key Results
In French Guyana, two decay periods with rapid regression (t
1/2β
of ~10 days) were observed under curfew, with slowing (t
1/2β
of ~43 days) when curfew was lightened. During the 2-week pre-lockdown curfew (2020/10/17–2020/11/02) in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, and Ile-de-France, the epidemic progression was unchanged. During the post-lockdown curfew (2020/12/15–2020/02/14), the epidemic slowly regressed in Grand-Est (t
1/2β
of ~37 days), whereas its progression rate plateaued in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and increased immediately in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Ile-de-France, and Nouvelle-Aquitaine, whatever the curfew starting time was (06:00 or 08:00 pm). Interestingly, a delayed slow decay (17 days < t
1/2β
< 64 days) occurred under curfew in all regions except Ile-de-France.
Conclusions
Curfew allowed the temporary control of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, however variably in the French regions, without preventing lockdown necessity. To accelerate the epidemic regression such as observed in French Guyana, curfew should be implemented timely with additional restrictions.</description><subject>Cardiology and cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Communicable Disease Control - methods</subject><subject>Constrictions</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>Curfews</subject><subject>Decay</subject><subject>Decay rate</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Emerging diseases</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>France - epidemiology</subject><subject>Human health and pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metropolitan areas</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Pulmonology and respiratory tract</subject><subject>Regression</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0884-8734</issn><issn>1525-1497</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtvUzEQhS0EoqHlD7BAllixcPH7-m5AaZQ-pEigPthajq-duiR2at8b1H-Pwy3lsWA1mplzvtHoAPCG4GOCcfOhECKxRJgShGUrGGqfgQkRVCDC2-Y5mGClOFIN4wfgVSl3GBNGqXoJDhgnjKimmYD7iwJnQ_buO5x772wfdg6GCBdhE_oQV_BqenmFZukrovBLTqvsSgkpfoLTCOc7sx5MX9u94zSbaB08McV1sI7m29C5TUjfQnR9sNVg1g_FlSPwwpt1ca8f6yG4OZ1fz87R4vPZxWy6QFZg1SPbyW5pqWJLSxpLvWms8l3DW8MEr41kLTOeU--EEhRzJztmjeEEq2X9UrJD8HHkboflxnXWxT6btd7msDH5QScT9N-bGG71Ku20olgwwivg_Qi4_cd2Pl3o_QwzJRSTYkeq9t3jsZzuB1d6fZeGXD8umgrJZatYuyfSUWVzKiU7_4QlWO8j1WOkukaqf0aq22p6--cfT5ZfGVYBGwWlruLK5d-3_4P9Ae-QrCo</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Mégarbane, Bruno</creator><creator>Bourasset, Fanchon</creator><creator>Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Springer Verlag</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-2764</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>Is Curfew Effective in Limiting SARS-CoV-2 Progression? An Evaluation in France Based on Epidemiokinetic Analyses</title><author>Mégarbane, Bruno ; Bourasset, Fanchon ; Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-cd6dbc283bc17c2fa7c8fd749a354a7c6393af42fe585204e6d3caa4108b32263</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Cardiology and cardiovascular system</topic><topic>Communicable Disease Control - methods</topic><topic>Constrictions</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention & control</topic><topic>Curfews</topic><topic>Decay</topic><topic>Decay rate</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Emerging diseases</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>France - epidemiology</topic><topic>Human health and pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metropolitan areas</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Pulmonology and respiratory tract</topic><topic>Regression</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mégarbane, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bourasset, Fanchon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mégarbane, Bruno</au><au>Bourasset, Fanchon</au><au>Scherrmann, Jean-Michel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Is Curfew Effective in Limiting SARS-CoV-2 Progression? An Evaluation in France Based on Epidemiokinetic Analyses</atitle><jtitle>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</jtitle><stitle>J GEN INTERN MED</stitle><addtitle>J Gen Intern Med</addtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2731</spage><epage>2738</epage><pages>2731-2738</pages><issn>0884-8734</issn><eissn>1525-1497</eissn><abstract>Background
Since late summer 2020, the French authorities implemented a curfew/lightened lockdown-alternating strategy instead of strict lockdown, to improve acceptability and limit socioeconomic consequences. However, data on curfew-related efficacy to control the epidemic are scarce.
Objective
To investigate the effects on COVID-19 spread in France of curfew combined to local and/or nationwide restrictions from late summer 2020 to mid-February 2021.
Design
We conducted a comparative evaluation using a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR)–based model completed with epidemiokinetic tools.
Main Measures
We analyzed the time-course of epidemic progression rate under curfew in French Guyana and five metropolitan regions where additional restrictions were implemented at different times. Using linear regressions of the decay/increase rates in daily contaminations, we calculated the epidemic regression half-lives (t
1/2β
) for each identified period.
Key Results
In French Guyana, two decay periods with rapid regression (t
1/2β
of ~10 days) were observed under curfew, with slowing (t
1/2β
of ~43 days) when curfew was lightened. During the 2-week pre-lockdown curfew (2020/10/17–2020/11/02) in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, and Ile-de-France, the epidemic progression was unchanged. During the post-lockdown curfew (2020/12/15–2020/02/14), the epidemic slowly regressed in Grand-Est (t
1/2β
of ~37 days), whereas its progression rate plateaued in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and increased immediately in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, Ile-de-France, and Nouvelle-Aquitaine, whatever the curfew starting time was (06:00 or 08:00 pm). Interestingly, a delayed slow decay (17 days < t
1/2β
< 64 days) occurred under curfew in all regions except Ile-de-France.
Conclusions
Curfew allowed the temporary control of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, however variably in the French regions, without preventing lockdown necessity. To accelerate the epidemic regression such as observed in French Guyana, curfew should be implemented timely with additional restrictions.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>34131877</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11606-021-06953-9</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-2764</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2021-09, Vol.36 (9), p.2731-2738 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Cardiology and cardiovascular system Communicable Disease Control - methods Constrictions COVID-19 COVID-19 - prevention & control Curfews Decay Decay rate Disease control Emerging diseases Epidemics Evaluation France - epidemiology Human health and pathology Humans Infectious diseases Internal Medicine Life Sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metropolitan areas Original Research Pulmonology and respiratory tract Regression Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Summer Toxicology |
| title | Is Curfew Effective in Limiting SARS-CoV-2 Progression? An Evaluation in France Based on Epidemiokinetic Analyses |
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