Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of the Opioid Prodynorphine Gene: In-Depth Analysis in the Human Brain
Neuropeptides serve as neurohormones and local paracrine regulators that control neural networks regulating behavior, endocrine system and sensorimotor functions. Their expression is characterized by exceptionally restricted profiles. Circuit-specific and adaptive expression of neuropeptide genes ma...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.26 (11), p.3458 |
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| creator | Nosova, Olga Bazov, Igor Karpyak, Victor Hallberg, Mathias Bakalkin, Georgy |
| description | Neuropeptides serve as neurohormones and local paracrine regulators that control neural networks regulating behavior, endocrine system and sensorimotor functions. Their expression is characterized by exceptionally restricted profiles. Circuit-specific and adaptive expression of neuropeptide genes may be defined by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms controlled by cell type and subtype sequence-specific transcription factors, insulators and silencers. The opioid peptide dynorphins play a critical role in neurological and psychiatric disorders, pain processing and stress, while their mutations cause profound neurodegeneration in the human brain. In this review, we focus on the prodynorphin gene as a model for the in-depth epigenetic and transcriptional analysis of expression of the neuropeptide genes. Prodynorphin studies may provide a framework for analysis of mechanisms relevant for regulation of neuropeptide genes in normal and pathological human brain. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/molecules26113458 |
| format | Article |
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Their expression is characterized by exceptionally restricted profiles. Circuit-specific and adaptive expression of neuropeptide genes may be defined by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms controlled by cell type and subtype sequence-specific transcription factors, insulators and silencers. The opioid peptide dynorphins play a critical role in neurological and psychiatric disorders, pain processing and stress, while their mutations cause profound neurodegeneration in the human brain. In this review, we focus on the prodynorphin gene as a model for the in-depth epigenetic and transcriptional analysis of expression of the neuropeptide genes. Prodynorphin studies may provide a framework for analysis of mechanisms relevant for regulation of neuropeptide genes in normal and pathological human brain.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1431-5157</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113458</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34200173</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alcoholism ; Ataxia ; Brain ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Endocrine system ; Epigenetics ; Gene expression ; Gene regulation ; Genes ; human brain ; Insulators ; Kinases ; Laboratory animals ; Ligands ; Localization ; Mental disorders ; Mutation ; Narcotics ; Neural networks ; Neurodegeneration ; Neurological diseases ; Neuropeptides ; Neurotransmitters ; Opioids ; Pain ; Paracrine signalling ; Peptides ; Prodynorphin ; Proteins ; Regulation ; Review ; Sensorimotor system ; transcription ; Transcription factors</subject><ispartof>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.26 (11), p.3458</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Prodynorphin studies may provide a framework for analysis of mechanisms relevant for regulation of neuropeptide genes in normal and pathological human brain.</description><subject>Alcoholism</subject><subject>Ataxia</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Endocrine system</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>human brain</subject><subject>Insulators</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Ligands</subject><subject>Localization</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Neural networks</subject><subject>Neurodegeneration</subject><subject>Neurological diseases</subject><subject>Neuropeptides</subject><subject>Neurotransmitters</subject><subject>Opioids</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Paracrine signalling</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Prodynorphin</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Regulation</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Sensorimotor system</subject><subject>transcription</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><issn>1420-3049</issn><issn>1431-5157</issn><issn>1420-3049</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNplkk1vEzEQQC0EoqXwA7hZ4sKBBX_vhgNSSEsbqVI5FK6W1ztOHO3ai70Lyr_HTSpE4GTL8-ZpZjwIvabkPecL8mGIPdi5h8wUpVzI5gk6p4KRihOxePrX_Qy9yHlHCKOCyufojJcAoTU_R8PV6DcQYPIWm9Dh-2RCtsmPk4_B9HgVw5Rij6PD0xbw3eij7_DXFLt9iGnc-gD4uuR_xOtQXcI4bfGy5O2zz9iHQ87NPJiAPyfjw0v0zJk-w6vH8wJ9-3J1v7qpbu-u16vlbWUlqafKdh1RRoIAqUr50rmWKtMAI9QAEcrVSirKJHFgiaStktC2vG07KjvaGsIv0Pro7aLZ6TH5waS9jsbrw0NMG21SabkH7YioeWOts8wKAq7lVhGmbKMMV06K4np3dOVfMM7tie3Sf18ebPOshahV3RT80xEv7ACdhTI_059knUaC3-pN_Kmb0l35xCJ4-yhI8ccMedKDzxb63gSIc9ZMikYQ1nBW0Df_oLs4pzL-B4ovFrKmrC4UPVI2xZwTuD_FUKIf9kj_t0f8Nx6QvVU</recordid><startdate>20210607</startdate><enddate>20210607</enddate><creator>Nosova, Olga</creator><creator>Bazov, Igor</creator><creator>Karpyak, Victor</creator><creator>Hallberg, Mathias</creator><creator>Bakalkin, Georgy</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>ACNBI</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>DF2</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-7067</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-870X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-9833</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-6130</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210607</creationdate><title>Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of the Opioid Prodynorphine Gene: In-Depth Analysis in the Human Brain</title><author>Nosova, Olga ; 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Their expression is characterized by exceptionally restricted profiles. Circuit-specific and adaptive expression of neuropeptide genes may be defined by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms controlled by cell type and subtype sequence-specific transcription factors, insulators and silencers. The opioid peptide dynorphins play a critical role in neurological and psychiatric disorders, pain processing and stress, while their mutations cause profound neurodegeneration in the human brain. In this review, we focus on the prodynorphin gene as a model for the in-depth epigenetic and transcriptional analysis of expression of the neuropeptide genes. 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| subjects | Alcoholism Ataxia Brain Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Endocrine system Epigenetics Gene expression Gene regulation Genes human brain Insulators Kinases Laboratory animals Ligands Localization Mental disorders Mutation Narcotics Neural networks Neurodegeneration Neurological diseases Neuropeptides Neurotransmitters Opioids Pain Paracrine signalling Peptides Prodynorphin Proteins Regulation Review Sensorimotor system transcription Transcription factors |
| title | Epigenetic and Transcriptional Control of the Opioid Prodynorphine Gene: In-Depth Analysis in the Human Brain |
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