Adjustment of Mechanical Properties of Medium Manganese Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with a Subsequent Heat Treatment
Medium manganese steels can exhibit both high strength and ductility due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), caused by metastable retained austenite, which in turn can be adjusted by intercritical annealing. This study addresses the laser additive processability and mechanical properties of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2021-06, Vol.14 (11), p.3081 |
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| creator | Heemann, Lena Mostaghimi, Farhad Schob, Bernd Schubert, Frank Kroll, Lothar Uhlenwinkel, Volker Steinbacher, Matthias Toenjes, Anastasiya von Hehl, Axel |
| description | Medium manganese steels can exhibit both high strength and ductility due to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), caused by metastable retained austenite, which in turn can be adjusted by intercritical annealing. This study addresses the laser additive processability and mechanical properties of the third-generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS) on the basis of medium manganese steel using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). For the investigations, an alloy with a manganese concentration of 5 wt.% was gas atomized and processed by LPBF. Intercritical annealing was subsequently performed at different temperatures (630 and 770 °C) and three annealing times (3, 10 and 60 min) to adjust the stability of the retained austenite. Higher annealing temperatures lead to lower yield strength but an increase in tensile strength due to a stronger work-hardening. The maximum elongation at fracture was approximately in the middle of the examined temperature field. The microstructure and properties of the alloy were further investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and element mapping. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma14113081 |
| format | Article |
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This study addresses the laser additive processability and mechanical properties of the third-generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS) on the basis of medium manganese steel using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). For the investigations, an alloy with a manganese concentration of 5 wt.% was gas atomized and processed by LPBF. Intercritical annealing was subsequently performed at different temperatures (630 and 770 °C) and three annealing times (3, 10 and 60 min) to adjust the stability of the retained austenite. Higher annealing temperatures lead to lower yield strength but an increase in tensile strength due to a stronger work-hardening. The maximum elongation at fracture was approximately in the middle of the examined temperature field. The microstructure and properties of the alloy were further investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and element mapping.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma14113081</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34199931</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Additive manufacturing ; Alloys ; Annealing ; Atomizing ; Crack initiation ; Ductility ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Elongation ; Energy ; Grain size ; Heat treatment ; High strength steels ; Lasers ; Manganese steel ; Manganese steels ; Mechanical properties ; Powder beds ; Retained austenite ; Strain hardening ; Temperature ; Temperature distribution ; Tensile strength</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-06, Vol.14 (11), p.3081</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The microstructure and properties of the alloy were further investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and element mapping.</description><subject>Additive manufacturing</subject><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Atomizing</subject><subject>Crack initiation</subject><subject>Ductility</subject><subject>Electron backscatter diffraction</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>High strength steels</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Manganese steel</subject><subject>Manganese steels</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Powder beds</subject><subject>Retained austenite</subject><subject>Strain hardening</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Temperature distribution</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUU1LJDEQDaKoqBd_QcDLIsyapDLTncuCK7oujCio55BOapwM3Z3ZpKN49Zeb2RG_ckgVeY_3Uq8IOeTsJ4BiJ53hknNgNd8gu1ypyYgrKTc_9TvkIKUFKweA10Jtkx2QBVXAd8nLqVvkNHTYDzTM6BXauem9NS29iWGJcfCY1oDzuaNXpn8wPSaktwPif5LLFh1tnunUJIz0Jjy5Un6Xt4ucfOjpkx_m1NDb3CT8l1dGl2gGehfLvfLdJ1sz0yY8eKt75P7i_O7scjS9_vP37HQ6ssBhGDXWOWy4dQzRqRosTIyooLYzV6GUE4slCNagKoitQFSCjxk3IMdSKVdZ2CO_1rrL3HTobLGOptXL6DsTn3UwXn9Fej_XD-FR14IxISZF4MebQAxlkDTozieLbVsSCTlpMZa1ZGPGZKEefaMuQo59Ga-woERfA4jCOl6zbAwpRZy9f4Yzvdqu_tguvAIg8pcS</recordid><startdate>20210604</startdate><enddate>20210604</enddate><creator>Heemann, Lena</creator><creator>Mostaghimi, Farhad</creator><creator>Schob, Bernd</creator><creator>Schubert, Frank</creator><creator>Kroll, Lothar</creator><creator>Uhlenwinkel, Volker</creator><creator>Steinbacher, Matthias</creator><creator>Toenjes, Anastasiya</creator><creator>von Hehl, Axel</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6852-8790</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-6998</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-6539</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210604</creationdate><title>Adjustment of Mechanical Properties of Medium Manganese Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with a Subsequent Heat Treatment</title><author>Heemann, Lena ; 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This study addresses the laser additive processability and mechanical properties of the third-generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS) on the basis of medium manganese steel using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). For the investigations, an alloy with a manganese concentration of 5 wt.% was gas atomized and processed by LPBF. Intercritical annealing was subsequently performed at different temperatures (630 and 770 °C) and three annealing times (3, 10 and 60 min) to adjust the stability of the retained austenite. Higher annealing temperatures lead to lower yield strength but an increase in tensile strength due to a stronger work-hardening. The maximum elongation at fracture was approximately in the middle of the examined temperature field. 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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Additive manufacturing Alloys Annealing Atomizing Crack initiation Ductility Electron backscatter diffraction Elongation Energy Grain size Heat treatment High strength steels Lasers Manganese steel Manganese steels Mechanical properties Powder beds Retained austenite Strain hardening Temperature Temperature distribution Tensile strength |
| title | Adjustment of Mechanical Properties of Medium Manganese Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion with a Subsequent Heat Treatment |
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