Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis

Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Even in the era of precision oncology, carcinogens contributing to neoplastic process are still an important focus of research. Comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed various combinations of base substitutions, referred...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cancers 2021-05, Vol.13 (11), p.2625
Hauptverfasser: Hatano, Yuichiro, Ideta, Takayasu, Hirata, Akihiro, Hatano, Kayoko, Tomita, Hiroyuki, Okada, Hideshi, Shimizu, Masahito, Tanaka, Takuji, Hara, Akira
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container_end_page
container_issue 11
container_start_page 2625
container_title Cancers
container_volume 13
creator Hatano, Yuichiro
Ideta, Takayasu
Hirata, Akihiro
Hatano, Kayoko
Tomita, Hiroyuki
Okada, Hideshi
Shimizu, Masahito
Tanaka, Takuji
Hara, Akira
description Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Even in the era of precision oncology, carcinogens contributing to neoplastic process are still an important focus of research. Comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed various combinations of base substitutions, referred to as the mutational signatures, in cancer. Each mutational signature is believed to arise from specific DNA damage and repair processes, including carcinogens. However, as a type of carcinogen, tumor viruses increase the cancer risk by alternative mechanisms, including insertional mutagenesis, viral oncogenes, and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize virus-driven carcinogenesis to provide a framework for the control of malignant cell proliferation. We first provide a brief overview of oncogenic viruses and describe their implication in virus-related tumors. Next, we describe tumor viruses (HPV, Human papilloma virus; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus; MCV, Merkel cell polyoma virus; HTLV-1, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type-1) and tumor virus-related cancers. Lastly, we introduce emerging tumor virus candidates, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV-2). We expect this review to be a hub in a complex network of data for virus-associated carcinogenesis.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/cancers13112625
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subjects Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Cell proliferation
Cervical cancer
Classification
Cytomegalovirus
DNA damage
DNA repair
Epigenetics
Epstein-Barr virus
Genes
Genomes
Genomic analysis
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human papillomavirus
Immunosuppression
Infections
Insertional mutagenesis
Latent infection
Lymphocytes T
Mutagenesis
Mutation
Neck
Precision medicine
Review
Reviews
Sarcoma
Tumors
Viral infections
Viruses
title Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis
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