Rapid Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis with a Gold-Nanoarchitecture-Assisted Laser-Scribed Graphene Biosensor
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has revealed the urgent need for accurate, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for epidemic understanding and management by monitoring the population worldwide. Though current diagnostic methods i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2021-06, Vol.93 (24), p.8585-8594 |
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| creator | Beduk, Tutku Beduk, Duygu de Oliveira Filho, José Ilton Zihnioglu, Figen Cicek, Candan Sertoz, Ruchan Arda, Bilgin Goksel, Tuncay Turhan, Kutsal Salama, Khaled N Timur, Suna |
| description | The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has revealed the urgent need for accurate, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for epidemic understanding and management by monitoring the population worldwide. Though current diagnostic methods including real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provide sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, they require relatively long processing time, equipped laboratory facilities, and highly skilled personnel. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based biosensing platforms have gained enormous attention as miniaturized electrochemical systems, holding an enormous potential as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. We describe here a miniaturized LSG-based electrochemical sensing scheme for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis combined with three-dimensional (3D) gold nanostructures. This electrode was modified with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody following the proper surface modifications proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations as well as electrochemical techniques. The system was integrated into a handheld POC detection system operated using a custom smartphone application, providing a user-friendly diagnostic platform due to its ease of operation, accessibility, and systematic data management. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S-protein in the range of 5.0–500 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/mL. A clinical study was carried out on 23 patient blood serum samples with successful COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to the commercial RT-PCR, antibody blood test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG and IgA test results. Our test provides faster results compared to commercial diagnostic tools and offers a promising alternative solution for next-generation POC applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444 |
| format | Article |
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Though current diagnostic methods including real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provide sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, they require relatively long processing time, equipped laboratory facilities, and highly skilled personnel. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based biosensing platforms have gained enormous attention as miniaturized electrochemical systems, holding an enormous potential as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. We describe here a miniaturized LSG-based electrochemical sensing scheme for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis combined with three-dimensional (3D) gold nanostructures. This electrode was modified with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody following the proper surface modifications proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations as well as electrochemical techniques. The system was integrated into a handheld POC detection system operated using a custom smartphone application, providing a user-friendly diagnostic platform due to its ease of operation, accessibility, and systematic data management. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S-protein in the range of 5.0–500 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/mL. A clinical study was carried out on 23 patient blood serum samples with successful COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to the commercial RT-PCR, antibody blood test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG and IgA test results. Our test provides faster results compared to commercial diagnostic tools and offers a promising alternative solution for next-generation POC applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-2700</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6882</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34081452</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Analytical chemistry ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; Biosensing Techniques ; Biosensors ; Blood ; Chemistry ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Data management ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic software ; Electrochemistry ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Epidemics ; Gold ; Graphene ; Graphite ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Lasers ; Nanostructures ; Pandemics ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Photoelectrons ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteins ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Smartphones ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Spike protein ; Viral diseases ; Viruses ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Analytical chemistry (Washington), 2021-06, Vol.93 (24), p.8585-8594</ispartof><rights>2021 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Jun 22, 2021</rights><rights>2021 American Chemical Society 2021 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a431t-7c0558b30758def84db18c88c8cc016cd375f84625dd6bea3b04c6dfa54638003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a431t-7c0558b30758def84db18c88c8cc016cd375f84625dd6bea3b04c6dfa54638003</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7365-6404 ; 0000-0002-3129-8298 ; 0000-0001-7742-1282</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34081452$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Beduk, Tutku</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beduk, Duygu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira Filho, José Ilton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zihnioglu, Figen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cicek, Candan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sertoz, Ruchan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arda, Bilgin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goksel, Tuncay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turhan, Kutsal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salama, Khaled N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timur, Suna</creatorcontrib><title>Rapid Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis with a Gold-Nanoarchitecture-Assisted Laser-Scribed Graphene Biosensor</title><title>Analytical chemistry (Washington)</title><addtitle>Anal. Chem</addtitle><description>The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has revealed the urgent need for accurate, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for epidemic understanding and management by monitoring the population worldwide. Though current diagnostic methods including real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provide sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, they require relatively long processing time, equipped laboratory facilities, and highly skilled personnel. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based biosensing platforms have gained enormous attention as miniaturized electrochemical systems, holding an enormous potential as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. We describe here a miniaturized LSG-based electrochemical sensing scheme for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis combined with three-dimensional (3D) gold nanostructures. This electrode was modified with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody following the proper surface modifications proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations as well as electrochemical techniques. The system was integrated into a handheld POC detection system operated using a custom smartphone application, providing a user-friendly diagnostic platform due to its ease of operation, accessibility, and systematic data management. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S-protein in the range of 5.0–500 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/mL. A clinical study was carried out on 23 patient blood serum samples with successful COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to the commercial RT-PCR, antibody blood test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG and IgA test results. Our test provides faster results compared to commercial diagnostic tools and offers a promising alternative solution for next-generation POC applications.</description><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral</subject><subject>Biosensing Techniques</subject><subject>Biosensors</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - diagnosis</subject><subject>COVID-19 Testing</subject><subject>Data management</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Diagnostic software</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Gold</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin A</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Nanostructures</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Point-of-Care Systems</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Smartphones</subject><subject>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</subject><subject>Spike protein</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>0003-2700</issn><issn>1520-6882</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFrGzEQhUVJaNy0_6CUhZzljlbSWr4UUjt1AiYObZOrmJW0WQV75UjrhPz7yNgx7SUgEBp9741Gj5CvDIYMSvYdTRpih0vTutWQGWBCiA9kwGQJtFKqPCIDAOC0HAGckE8pPQAwBqz6SE64AMWELAdk9RvX3hY3wXc9DQ2dYHTFZHF3NaVsXEw93nch-VQ8-74tsJiFpaXX2AWMpvW9M_0mOnqeMtI7W8wxuUj_mOjrfJpFXLeuc8VPH5LrUoifyXGDy-S-7PdTcvvr4u_kks4Xs6vJ-Zyi4KynIwNSqprDSCrrGiVszZRReZk8Z2UsH8lcrUppbVU75DUIU9kGpai4ykOfkh873_WmXjlrXNdHXOp19CuMLzqg1__fdL7V9-FJK6bGwMfZ4GxvEMPjxqVeP4RNzL-ddCmFErwcQ5UpsaNMDClF1xw6MNDbkHQOSb-FpPchZdm3f193EL2lkgHYAVv5ofG7nq8PDqHV</recordid><startdate>20210622</startdate><enddate>20210622</enddate><creator>Beduk, Tutku</creator><creator>Beduk, Duygu</creator><creator>de Oliveira Filho, José Ilton</creator><creator>Zihnioglu, Figen</creator><creator>Cicek, Candan</creator><creator>Sertoz, Ruchan</creator><creator>Arda, Bilgin</creator><creator>Goksel, Tuncay</creator><creator>Turhan, Kutsal</creator><creator>Salama, Khaled N</creator><creator>Timur, Suna</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-6404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-8298</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-1282</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210622</creationdate><title>Rapid Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis with a Gold-Nanoarchitecture-Assisted Laser-Scribed Graphene Biosensor</title><author>Beduk, Tutku ; 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Chem</addtitle><date>2021-06-22</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>8585</spage><epage>8594</epage><pages>8585-8594</pages><issn>0003-2700</issn><eissn>1520-6882</eissn><abstract>The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has revealed the urgent need for accurate, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for epidemic understanding and management by monitoring the population worldwide. Though current diagnostic methods including real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provide sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, they require relatively long processing time, equipped laboratory facilities, and highly skilled personnel. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based biosensing platforms have gained enormous attention as miniaturized electrochemical systems, holding an enormous potential as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. We describe here a miniaturized LSG-based electrochemical sensing scheme for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis combined with three-dimensional (3D) gold nanostructures. This electrode was modified with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody following the proper surface modifications proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations as well as electrochemical techniques. The system was integrated into a handheld POC detection system operated using a custom smartphone application, providing a user-friendly diagnostic platform due to its ease of operation, accessibility, and systematic data management. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S-protein in the range of 5.0–500 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/mL. A clinical study was carried out on 23 patient blood serum samples with successful COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to the commercial RT-PCR, antibody blood test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG and IgA test results. Our test provides faster results compared to commercial diagnostic tools and offers a promising alternative solution for next-generation POC applications.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>34081452</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-6404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-8298</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-1282</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analytical chemistry Antibodies Antibodies, Viral Biosensing Techniques Biosensors Blood Chemistry Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - diagnosis COVID-19 Testing Data management Diagnosis Diagnostic software Electrochemistry Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Epidemics Gold Graphene Graphite Humans Immunoassay Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin G Lasers Nanostructures Pandemics Photoelectron spectroscopy Photoelectrons Point-of-Care Systems Polymerase chain reaction Proteins SARS-CoV-2 Scanning electron microscopy Sensitivity and Specificity Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Smartphones Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Spike protein Viral diseases Viruses X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Rapid Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis with a Gold-Nanoarchitecture-Assisted Laser-Scribed Graphene Biosensor |
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