The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development
Abstract The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishmen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of animal science 2021-06, Vol.99 (6), Article 105 |
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| creator | Ault-Seay, Taylor B Harrison, Taylor D Brandt, Kiernan J Payton, Rebecca R Schneider, Liesel G Myer, Phillip R Rhinehart, Justin D Rispoli, Louisa A McLean, Kyle J |
| description | Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jas/skab105 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8188814</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1093/jas/skab105</oup_id><sourcerecordid>2509266461</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c544156d2b146a53bc297482e80ebe9c892f6566e62245a98e23a1d733b93ef43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUuLFDEUhQtRnHZ05V4CggxIO3lUUqnNgDTjAwbcjOuQSt1Mp6cqKZNUy_x7U3TbPhbiKrnkOycnOVX1kuB3BLfscqfTZbrXHcH8UbUinPI1I4I9rlYYU7KWktCz6llKO4wJ5S1_Wp0xJinFAq-q_e0WEFgLJicULJpiyOA8GmAPAwoemYcc7p2HhLTvkdnCeBwLlIt2zhDLjMDvXQx-BJ8Xnw7Aoi04CzGhfi7IHeoXzzAtyPPqidVDghfH9bz6-uH6dvNpffPl4-fN-5u1YQ3Oa8PrmnDR047UQnPWGdo2taQgMXTQGtlSK7gQICituW4lUKZJ3zDWtQxszc6rq4PvNHcj9KZcHfWgpuhGHR9U0E79eeLdVt2FvZJElo9bDC6OBjF8myFlNbpkYBi0hzAnRTluqRC1IAV9_Re6C3P05XmFElQ2pZSmUG8PlIkhpQj2FIZgtfSpSp_q2GehX_2e_8T-LPCX3Xfogk3GgTdwwjDGosGtEG3ZkSWi_H9647LOLvhNmH0u0jcHaZinf0b-AX46zCc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2562871637</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Ault-Seay, Taylor B ; Harrison, Taylor D ; Brandt, Kiernan J ; Payton, Rebecca R ; Schneider, Liesel G ; Myer, Phillip R ; Rhinehart, Justin D ; Rispoli, Louisa A ; McLean, Kyle J</creator><creatorcontrib>Ault-Seay, Taylor B ; Harrison, Taylor D ; Brandt, Kiernan J ; Payton, Rebecca R ; Schneider, Liesel G ; Myer, Phillip R ; Rhinehart, Justin D ; Rispoli, Louisa A ; McLean, Kyle J</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab105</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33822060</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Breeding success ; Cattle ; Chemokines ; Cytokines ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; IL-1β ; Inflammation ; Interleukin 10 ; Interleukin 8 ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ; Nutrition ; Pregnancy ; Proteins ; Science & Technology ; Short Communication ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Uterus ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 2021-06, Vol.99 (6), Article 105</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>6</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000670966900011</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c544156d2b146a53bc297482e80ebe9c892f6566e62245a98e23a1d733b93ef43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c544156d2b146a53bc297482e80ebe9c892f6566e62245a98e23a1d733b93ef43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1980-2105 ; 0000-0002-9344-6495</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8188814/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8188814/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,1585,27929,27930,39263,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33822060$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ault-Seay, Taylor B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harrison, Taylor D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandt, Kiernan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payton, Rebecca R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Liesel G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Myer, Phillip R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rhinehart, Justin D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rispoli, Louisa A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLean, Kyle J</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J ANIM SCI</addtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Breeding success</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chemokines</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>IL-1β</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interleukin 10</subject><subject>Interleukin 8</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Short Communication</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Uterus</subject><subject>Vascular endothelial growth factor</subject><subject>γ-Interferon</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUuLFDEUhQtRnHZ05V4CggxIO3lUUqnNgDTjAwbcjOuQSt1Mp6cqKZNUy_x7U3TbPhbiKrnkOycnOVX1kuB3BLfscqfTZbrXHcH8UbUinPI1I4I9rlYYU7KWktCz6llKO4wJ5S1_Wp0xJinFAq-q_e0WEFgLJicULJpiyOA8GmAPAwoemYcc7p2HhLTvkdnCeBwLlIt2zhDLjMDvXQx-BJ8Xnw7Aoi04CzGhfi7IHeoXzzAtyPPqidVDghfH9bz6-uH6dvNpffPl4-fN-5u1YQ3Oa8PrmnDR047UQnPWGdo2taQgMXTQGtlSK7gQICituW4lUKZJ3zDWtQxszc6rq4PvNHcj9KZcHfWgpuhGHR9U0E79eeLdVt2FvZJElo9bDC6OBjF8myFlNbpkYBi0hzAnRTluqRC1IAV9_Re6C3P05XmFElQ2pZSmUG8PlIkhpQj2FIZgtfSpSp_q2GehX_2e_8T-LPCX3Xfogk3GgTdwwjDGosGtEG3ZkSWi_H9647LOLvhNmH0u0jcHaZinf0b-AX46zCc</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Ault-Seay, Taylor B</creator><creator>Harrison, Taylor D</creator><creator>Brandt, Kiernan J</creator><creator>Payton, Rebecca R</creator><creator>Schneider, Liesel G</creator><creator>Myer, Phillip R</creator><creator>Rhinehart, Justin D</creator><creator>Rispoli, Louisa A</creator><creator>McLean, Kyle J</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Univ Press</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-2105</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-6495</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development</title><author>Ault-Seay, Taylor B ; Harrison, Taylor D ; Brandt, Kiernan J ; Payton, Rebecca R ; Schneider, Liesel G ; Myer, Phillip R ; Rhinehart, Justin D ; Rispoli, Louisa A ; McLean, Kyle J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-c544156d2b146a53bc297482e80ebe9c892f6566e62245a98e23a1d733b93ef43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Breeding success</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Chemokines</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>IL-1β</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interleukin 10</topic><topic>Interleukin 8</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Short Communication</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Uterus</topic><topic>Vascular endothelial growth factor</topic><topic>γ-Interferon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ault-Seay, Taylor B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harrison, Taylor D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brandt, Kiernan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payton, Rebecca R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schneider, Liesel G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Myer, Phillip R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rhinehart, Justin D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rispoli, Louisa A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLean, Kyle J</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ault-Seay, Taylor B</au><au>Harrison, Taylor D</au><au>Brandt, Kiernan J</au><au>Payton, Rebecca R</au><au>Schneider, Liesel G</au><au>Myer, Phillip R</au><au>Rhinehart, Justin D</au><au>Rispoli, Louisa A</au><au>McLean, Kyle J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><stitle>J ANIM SCI</stitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>99</volume><issue>6</issue><artnum>105</artnum><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><abstract>Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33822060</pmid><doi>10.1093/jas/skab105</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-2105</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-6495</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agriculture Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science Animals Body Weight Breeding success Cattle Chemokines Cytokines Dietary Supplements Female IL-1β Inflammation Interleukin 10 Interleukin 8 Life Sciences & Biomedicine Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Nutrition Pregnancy Proteins Science & Technology Short Communication Tumor necrosis factor-α Uterus Vascular endothelial growth factor γ-Interferon |
| title | The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development |
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