Assessment of retinal neurodegeneration with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives To comprehensively assess diabetic retinopathy neurodegeneration (DRN) as quantified by retinal neuronal and axonal layers measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Articles on the topic of examining macular gangli...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Eye (London) 2021-05, Vol.35 (5), p.1317-1325 |
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| creator | Tang, Ziqi Chan, Ming Yan Leung, Wai Yin Wong, Ho Yeung Ng, Ching Man Chan, Victor T. T. Wong, Raymond Lok, Jerry Szeto, Simon Chan, Jason C. K. Tham, Clement C. Wong, Tien Y. Cheung, Carol Y. |
| description | Objectives
To comprehensively assess diabetic retinopathy neurodegeneration (DRN) as quantified by retinal neuronal and axonal layers measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
Articles on the topic of examining macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (m-GCIPL), macular retinal nerve fibre layer (m-RNFL), macular ganglion cell complex (m-GCC), and peripapillary RNFL (p-RNFL) measured with SD-OCT in DM subjects without DR (NDR) or with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) were searched in PubMed and Embase up to November 31, 2019. Standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect size were pooled using random-effects model.
Results
Thirty-six studies searched from online databases and the CUHK DM cohort were included in the meta-analysis. In the comparison between NDR and control, macular measures including mean m-GCIPL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.003), m-RNFL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.046), and m-GCC (SMD = −0.28;
p
= 0.009) were significantly thinner in the NDR group. In the comparison between NPDR and NDR, only mean p-RNFL was significantly thinner in the NPDR group (SMD = −0.27;
p
= 0.03), but not other macular measures.
Conclusions
Thinning of retinal neuronal and axonal layers at macula as measured by SD-OCT are presented in eyes with NDR, supporting DRN may be the early pathogenesis in the DM patients without the presence of clinical signs of DR. In the future, these SD-OCT measures may be used as surrogates of DRN to stratify DM patients with a high risk of DR, and may be used as a therapeutic target if neuroprotection treatment for DR is available. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41433-020-1020-z |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8182828</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2417385075</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-75248a3709fce2ecbcbf2868a4268d456c830c6a97c0544b914cbf80b750386e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kUuLFTEQhRtRnOvoD3AjATezac2zO-1CGAZfMOBGwV1Ip6vvzdCdtEl6hjsrf7p1ueP4AAkki_rqVJ2cqnrO6CtGhX6dJZNC1JTTmh2u2wfVhsm2qZVU8mG1oZ2iNef820n1JOcrSrHY0sfVieBKM9HRTfXjPGfIeYZQSBxJguKDnUiANcUBthAg2eJjIDe-7EhewJVkp3qIs_WBxKV4h7iLO0gQHJAS57hNdtnt3xBL8j4XmFHAofK1hxtiw0BmKLa2OGaffX5aPRrtlOHZ3XtafX3_7svFx_ry84dPF-eXtZMtLXWruNRWtLQbHXBwvetHrhttJW_0IFXjtKCusV3rqJKy75hEQtO-VfhTDYjT6u1Rd1n7GQaHhtGIWZKfbdqbaL35uxL8zmzjtdFMczwocHYnkOL3FXIxs88OpskGiGs2XLJWaEVbhejLf9CruCY0jJRiWiuBCyPFjpRLMecE4_0yjJpDvuaYr8FozSFfc4s9L_50cd_xK1AE-BHIWApbSL9H_1_1J9HUtLQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2518853456</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Assessment of retinal neurodegeneration with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Tang, Ziqi ; Chan, Ming Yan ; Leung, Wai Yin ; Wong, Ho Yeung ; Ng, Ching Man ; Chan, Victor T. T. ; Wong, Raymond ; Lok, Jerry ; Szeto, Simon ; Chan, Jason C. K. ; Tham, Clement C. ; Wong, Tien Y. ; Cheung, Carol Y.</creator><creatorcontrib>Tang, Ziqi ; Chan, Ming Yan ; Leung, Wai Yin ; Wong, Ho Yeung ; Ng, Ching Man ; Chan, Victor T. T. ; Wong, Raymond ; Lok, Jerry ; Szeto, Simon ; Chan, Jason C. K. ; Tham, Clement C. ; Wong, Tien Y. ; Cheung, Carol Y.</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To comprehensively assess diabetic retinopathy neurodegeneration (DRN) as quantified by retinal neuronal and axonal layers measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
Articles on the topic of examining macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (m-GCIPL), macular retinal nerve fibre layer (m-RNFL), macular ganglion cell complex (m-GCC), and peripapillary RNFL (p-RNFL) measured with SD-OCT in DM subjects without DR (NDR) or with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) were searched in PubMed and Embase up to November 31, 2019. Standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect size were pooled using random-effects model.
Results
Thirty-six studies searched from online databases and the CUHK DM cohort were included in the meta-analysis. In the comparison between NDR and control, macular measures including mean m-GCIPL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.003), m-RNFL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.046), and m-GCC (SMD = −0.28;
p
= 0.009) were significantly thinner in the NDR group. In the comparison between NPDR and NDR, only mean p-RNFL was significantly thinner in the NPDR group (SMD = −0.27;
p
= 0.03), but not other macular measures.
Conclusions
Thinning of retinal neuronal and axonal layers at macula as measured by SD-OCT are presented in eyes with NDR, supporting DRN may be the early pathogenesis in the DM patients without the presence of clinical signs of DR. In the future, these SD-OCT measures may be used as surrogates of DRN to stratify DM patients with a high risk of DR, and may be used as a therapeutic target if neuroprotection treatment for DR is available.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-222X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5454</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-1020-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32581390</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>59 ; 692/699/3161/3164 ; 692/699/3161/3175 ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Humans ; Laboratory Medicine ; Macula Lutea - diagnostic imaging ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meta-analysis ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurodegeneration ; Neuroprotection ; Ophthalmology ; Patients ; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology ; Retina ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; Retinopathy ; Surgery ; Surgical Oncology ; Therapeutic targets ; Tomography ; Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><ispartof>Eye (London), 2021-05, Vol.35 (5), p.1317-1325</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-75248a3709fce2ecbcbf2868a4268d456c830c6a97c0544b914cbf80b750386e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-75248a3709fce2ecbcbf2868a4268d456c830c6a97c0544b914cbf80b750386e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4728-0076 ; 0000-0003-4407-6907</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8182828/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8182828/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32581390$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tang, Ziqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Ming Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Wai Yin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ho Yeung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Ching Man</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Victor T. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Raymond</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lok, Jerry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szeto, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Jason C. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tham, Clement C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Tien Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Carol Y.</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of retinal neurodegeneration with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>Eye (London)</title><addtitle>Eye</addtitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><description>Objectives
To comprehensively assess diabetic retinopathy neurodegeneration (DRN) as quantified by retinal neuronal and axonal layers measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
Articles on the topic of examining macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (m-GCIPL), macular retinal nerve fibre layer (m-RNFL), macular ganglion cell complex (m-GCC), and peripapillary RNFL (p-RNFL) measured with SD-OCT in DM subjects without DR (NDR) or with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) were searched in PubMed and Embase up to November 31, 2019. Standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect size were pooled using random-effects model.
Results
Thirty-six studies searched from online databases and the CUHK DM cohort were included in the meta-analysis. In the comparison between NDR and control, macular measures including mean m-GCIPL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.003), m-RNFL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.046), and m-GCC (SMD = −0.28;
p
= 0.009) were significantly thinner in the NDR group. In the comparison between NPDR and NDR, only mean p-RNFL was significantly thinner in the NPDR group (SMD = −0.27;
p
= 0.03), but not other macular measures.
Conclusions
Thinning of retinal neuronal and axonal layers at macula as measured by SD-OCT are presented in eyes with NDR, supporting DRN may be the early pathogenesis in the DM patients without the presence of clinical signs of DR. In the future, these SD-OCT measures may be used as surrogates of DRN to stratify DM patients with a high risk of DR, and may be used as a therapeutic target if neuroprotection treatment for DR is available.</description><subject>59</subject><subject>692/699/3161/3164</subject><subject>692/699/3161/3175</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetic retinopathy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Macula Lutea - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Nerve Fibers</subject><subject>Neurodegeneration</subject><subject>Neuroprotection</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</subject><subject>Retina</subject><subject>Retinal Ganglion Cells</subject><subject>Retinopathy</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical Oncology</subject><subject>Therapeutic targets</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><issn>0950-222X</issn><issn>1476-5454</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUuLFTEQhRtRnOvoD3AjATezac2zO-1CGAZfMOBGwV1Ip6vvzdCdtEl6hjsrf7p1ueP4AAkki_rqVJ2cqnrO6CtGhX6dJZNC1JTTmh2u2wfVhsm2qZVU8mG1oZ2iNef820n1JOcrSrHY0sfVieBKM9HRTfXjPGfIeYZQSBxJguKDnUiANcUBthAg2eJjIDe-7EhewJVkp3qIs_WBxKV4h7iLO0gQHJAS57hNdtnt3xBL8j4XmFHAofK1hxtiw0BmKLa2OGaffX5aPRrtlOHZ3XtafX3_7svFx_ry84dPF-eXtZMtLXWruNRWtLQbHXBwvetHrhttJW_0IFXjtKCusV3rqJKy75hEQtO-VfhTDYjT6u1Rd1n7GQaHhtGIWZKfbdqbaL35uxL8zmzjtdFMczwocHYnkOL3FXIxs88OpskGiGs2XLJWaEVbhejLf9CruCY0jJRiWiuBCyPFjpRLMecE4_0yjJpDvuaYr8FozSFfc4s9L_50cd_xK1AE-BHIWApbSL9H_1_1J9HUtLQ</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Tang, Ziqi</creator><creator>Chan, Ming Yan</creator><creator>Leung, Wai Yin</creator><creator>Wong, Ho Yeung</creator><creator>Ng, Ching Man</creator><creator>Chan, Victor T. T.</creator><creator>Wong, Raymond</creator><creator>Lok, Jerry</creator><creator>Szeto, Simon</creator><creator>Chan, Jason C. K.</creator><creator>Tham, Clement C.</creator><creator>Wong, Tien Y.</creator><creator>Cheung, Carol Y.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4728-0076</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-6907</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Assessment of retinal neurodegeneration with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><author>Tang, Ziqi ; Chan, Ming Yan ; Leung, Wai Yin ; Wong, Ho Yeung ; Ng, Ching Man ; Chan, Victor T. T. ; Wong, Raymond ; Lok, Jerry ; Szeto, Simon ; Chan, Jason C. K. ; Tham, Clement C. ; Wong, Tien Y. ; Cheung, Carol Y.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-75248a3709fce2ecbcbf2868a4268d456c830c6a97c0544b914cbf80b750386e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>59</topic><topic>692/699/3161/3164</topic><topic>692/699/3161/3175</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetic retinopathy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratory Medicine</topic><topic>Macula Lutea - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Nerve Fibers</topic><topic>Neurodegeneration</topic><topic>Neuroprotection</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</topic><topic>Retina</topic><topic>Retinal Ganglion Cells</topic><topic>Retinopathy</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgical Oncology</topic><topic>Therapeutic targets</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tang, Ziqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Ming Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leung, Wai Yin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ho Yeung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Ching Man</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Victor T. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Raymond</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lok, Jerry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Szeto, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Jason C. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tham, Clement C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Tien Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Carol Y.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tang, Ziqi</au><au>Chan, Ming Yan</au><au>Leung, Wai Yin</au><au>Wong, Ho Yeung</au><au>Ng, Ching Man</au><au>Chan, Victor T. T.</au><au>Wong, Raymond</au><au>Lok, Jerry</au><au>Szeto, Simon</au><au>Chan, Jason C. K.</au><au>Tham, Clement C.</au><au>Wong, Tien Y.</au><au>Cheung, Carol Y.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of retinal neurodegeneration with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle><stitle>Eye</stitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1317</spage><epage>1325</epage><pages>1317-1325</pages><issn>0950-222X</issn><eissn>1476-5454</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To comprehensively assess diabetic retinopathy neurodegeneration (DRN) as quantified by retinal neuronal and axonal layers measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
Articles on the topic of examining macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (m-GCIPL), macular retinal nerve fibre layer (m-RNFL), macular ganglion cell complex (m-GCC), and peripapillary RNFL (p-RNFL) measured with SD-OCT in DM subjects without DR (NDR) or with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) were searched in PubMed and Embase up to November 31, 2019. Standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect size were pooled using random-effects model.
Results
Thirty-six studies searched from online databases and the CUHK DM cohort were included in the meta-analysis. In the comparison between NDR and control, macular measures including mean m-GCIPL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.003), m-RNFL (SMD = −0.26,
p
= 0.046), and m-GCC (SMD = −0.28;
p
= 0.009) were significantly thinner in the NDR group. In the comparison between NPDR and NDR, only mean p-RNFL was significantly thinner in the NPDR group (SMD = −0.27;
p
= 0.03), but not other macular measures.
Conclusions
Thinning of retinal neuronal and axonal layers at macula as measured by SD-OCT are presented in eyes with NDR, supporting DRN may be the early pathogenesis in the DM patients without the presence of clinical signs of DR. In the future, these SD-OCT measures may be used as surrogates of DRN to stratify DM patients with a high risk of DR, and may be used as a therapeutic target if neuroprotection treatment for DR is available.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>32581390</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41433-020-1020-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4728-0076</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-6907</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0950-222X |
| ispartof | Eye (London), 2021-05, Vol.35 (5), p.1317-1325 |
| issn | 0950-222X 1476-5454 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8182828 |
| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 59 692/699/3161/3164 692/699/3161/3175 Diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Humans Laboratory Medicine Macula Lutea - diagnostic imaging Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meta-analysis Nerve Fibers Neurodegeneration Neuroprotection Ophthalmology Patients Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Retina Retinal Ganglion Cells Retinopathy Surgery Surgical Oncology Therapeutic targets Tomography Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| title | Assessment of retinal neurodegeneration with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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