Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs
Abstract The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injec...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of infectious diseases 2021-06, Vol.223 (11), p.1905-1913 |
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| container_issue | 11 |
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| container_title | The Journal of infectious diseases |
| container_volume | 223 |
| creator | Kirk, Gregory D Astemborski, Jacqueline Mehta, Shruti H Ritter, Kristen D Laird, Gregory M Bordi, Rebeka Sekaly, Rafick Siliciano, Janet D Siliciano, Robert F |
| description | Abstract
The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injecting drugs or NTIs on the reservoir are unclear. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no apparent effect of heroin or cocaine use on reservoir size. However, we found significantly larger reservoirs in those with frequent NTIs or a shorter interval from last detectable HIV RNA measurement. These results have important implications for inclusion of PWID in HIV-1 cure studies.
We quantitated the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in persons who inject drugs. Reservoir size was not dramatically different than in other cohorts. A history of frequent treatment interruptions, but not active drug use, was associated with larger reservoir size. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/infdis/jiaa634 |
| format | Article |
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The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injecting drugs or NTIs on the reservoir are unclear. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no apparent effect of heroin or cocaine use on reservoir size. However, we found significantly larger reservoirs in those with frequent NTIs or a shorter interval from last detectable HIV RNA measurement. These results have important implications for inclusion of PWID in HIV-1 cure studies.
We quantitated the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in persons who inject drugs. Reservoir size was not dramatically different than in other cohorts. A history of frequent treatment interruptions, but not active drug use, was associated with larger reservoir size.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6613</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa634</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33037877</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral drugs ; CD4 antigen ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Cocaine ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA, Viral - genetics ; Drug abuse ; Drug Users ; Heroin ; HIV ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; HIV-1 - genetics ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Lymphocytes T ; Major and Brief Reports ; Proviruses - genetics ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - drug therapy ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Latency</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021-06, Vol.223 (11), p.1905-1913</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-e17510cdfa15cf712ac7e81ea75d00520c3514632a87ff214997199e0b1871713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-e17510cdfa15cf712ac7e81ea75d00520c3514632a87ff214997199e0b1871713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kirk, Gregory D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Astemborski, Jacqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehta, Shruti H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritter, Kristen D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laird, Gregory M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bordi, Rebeka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekaly, Rafick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siliciano, Janet D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siliciano, Robert F</creatorcontrib><title>Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs</title><title>The Journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Abstract
The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injecting drugs or NTIs on the reservoir are unclear. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no apparent effect of heroin or cocaine use on reservoir size. However, we found significantly larger reservoirs in those with frequent NTIs or a shorter interval from last detectable HIV RNA measurement. These results have important implications for inclusion of PWID in HIV-1 cure studies.
We quantitated the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in persons who inject drugs. Reservoir size was not dramatically different than in other cohorts. A history of frequent treatment interruptions, but not active drug use, was associated with larger reservoir size.</description><subject>Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antiretroviral drugs</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug Users</subject><subject>Heroin</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>HIV-1 - genetics</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Major and Brief Reports</subject><subject>Proviruses - genetics</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - drug therapy</subject><subject>Viral Load</subject><subject>Viremia</subject><subject>Virus Latency</subject><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktvEzEUhS0EoqGwZYkssYHFtH7MjGc2SFELJFIpFRS6tBzPncRRxh78iBT-E_8Rh4QK2LDywt895z4OQs8pOaOk5efG9p0J52ujVM3LB2hCKy6Kuqb8IZoQwlhBm7Y9QU9CWBNCSl6Lx-iEc8JFI8QE_bh2NkSfdEweOnzrQcUBbMRzG8H7NEaTATz1gKchOG1UzNidiSs8M8sVeDxLg7J4PgzJug56ow1YvcNfjU8Bf4IAfuuMx5_Nd8AfQIVfPovd3kDpiG-82xqvNvjyerq3UDtsLL4BN24A361c5taQuUufluEpetSrTYBnx_cUfXn39vZiVlx9fD-_mF4VuqxYLICKihLd9YpWuheUKS2goaBE1RFSMaJ5RcuaM9WIvme0bFtB2xbIgjaCCspP0ZuD7pgWA3Q6LyS3KEdvBuV30ikj__6xZiWXbisbKuqa8yzw6ijg3bcEIcrBBA2bjbLgUpCszJ414y3L6Mt_0LVL3ubxJKvKljJR8TJTZwdKexeCh_6-GUrkPgnykAR5TEIuePHnCPf479Nn4PUBcGn8n9hPxgrCyA</recordid><startdate>20210604</startdate><enddate>20210604</enddate><creator>Kirk, Gregory D</creator><creator>Astemborski, Jacqueline</creator><creator>Mehta, Shruti H</creator><creator>Ritter, Kristen D</creator><creator>Laird, Gregory M</creator><creator>Bordi, Rebeka</creator><creator>Sekaly, Rafick</creator><creator>Siliciano, Janet D</creator><creator>Siliciano, Robert F</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210604</creationdate><title>Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs</title><author>Kirk, Gregory D ; Astemborski, Jacqueline ; Mehta, Shruti H ; Ritter, Kristen D ; Laird, Gregory M ; Bordi, Rebeka ; Sekaly, Rafick ; Siliciano, Janet D ; Siliciano, Robert F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-e17510cdfa15cf712ac7e81ea75d00520c3514632a87ff214997199e0b1871713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antiretroviral drugs</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA, Viral - genetics</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug Users</topic><topic>Heroin</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>HIV-1 - genetics</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Major and Brief Reports</topic><topic>Proviruses - genetics</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - drug therapy</topic><topic>Viral Load</topic><topic>Viremia</topic><topic>Virus Latency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kirk, Gregory D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Astemborski, Jacqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehta, Shruti H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritter, Kristen D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laird, Gregory M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bordi, Rebeka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekaly, Rafick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siliciano, Janet D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siliciano, Robert F</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kirk, Gregory D</au><au>Astemborski, Jacqueline</au><au>Mehta, Shruti H</au><au>Ritter, Kristen D</au><au>Laird, Gregory M</au><au>Bordi, Rebeka</au><au>Sekaly, Rafick</au><au>Siliciano, Janet D</au><au>Siliciano, Robert F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2021-06-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>223</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1905</spage><epage>1913</epage><pages>1905-1913</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><abstract>Abstract
The latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. HIV-1–infected persons who inject drugs (PWID) often struggle to maintain suppression of viremia and experience nonstructured treatment interruptions (NTIs). The effects of injecting drugs or NTIs on the reservoir are unclear. Using the intact proviral DNA assay, we found no apparent effect of heroin or cocaine use on reservoir size. However, we found significantly larger reservoirs in those with frequent NTIs or a shorter interval from last detectable HIV RNA measurement. These results have important implications for inclusion of PWID in HIV-1 cure studies.
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| ispartof | The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021-06, Vol.223 (11), p.1905-1913 |
| issn | 0022-1899 1537-6613 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use Antiretroviral drugs CD4 antigen CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cocaine Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Viral - genetics Drug abuse Drug Users Heroin HIV HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV-1 - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Lymphocytes T Major and Brief Reports Proviruses - genetics Substance Abuse, Intravenous - drug therapy Viral Load Viremia Virus Latency |
| title | Nonstructured Treatment Interruptions Are Associated With Higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size Measured by Intact Proviral DNA Assay in People Who Inject Drugs |
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