Cholesterol Contributes to Male Sex Differentiation Through Its Developmental Role in Androgen Synthesis and Hedgehog Signaling

Two specialized functions of cholesterol during fetal development include serving as a precursor to androgen synthesis and supporting hedgehog (HH) signaling activity. Androgens are produced by the testes to facilitate masculinization of the fetus. Recent evidence shows that intricate interactions b...

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Veröffentlicht in:Endocrinology (Philadelphia) 2021-07, Vol.162 (7), p.1
Hauptverfasser: Kothandapani, Anbarasi, Jefcoate, Colin R, Jorgensen, Joan S
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Jefcoate, Colin R
Jorgensen, Joan S
description Two specialized functions of cholesterol during fetal development include serving as a precursor to androgen synthesis and supporting hedgehog (HH) signaling activity. Androgens are produced by the testes to facilitate masculinization of the fetus. Recent evidence shows that intricate interactions between the HH and androgen signaling pathways are required for optimal male sex differentiation and defects of either can cause birth anomalies indicative of 46,XY male variations of sex development (VSD). Further, perturbations in cholesterol synthesis can cause developmental defects, including VSD, that phenocopy those caused by disrupted androgen or HH signaling, highlighting the functional role of cholesterol in promoting male sex differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of cholesterol in systemic androgen and local HH signaling events during fetal masculinization and their collective contributions to pediatric VSD.
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Androgens are produced by the testes to facilitate masculinization of the fetus. Recent evidence shows that intricate interactions between the HH and androgen signaling pathways are required for optimal male sex differentiation and defects of either can cause birth anomalies indicative of 46,XY male variations of sex development (VSD). Further, perturbations in cholesterol synthesis can cause developmental defects, including VSD, that phenocopy those caused by disrupted androgen or HH signaling, highlighting the functional role of cholesterol in promoting male sex differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of cholesterol in systemic androgen and local HH signaling events during fetal masculinization and their collective contributions to pediatric VSD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-7227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab066</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33784378</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Androgens ; Androgens - biosynthesis ; Animals ; Anomalies ; Antilipemic agents ; Birth defects ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol - biosynthesis ; Cholesterol - physiology ; Defects ; Development and progression ; Differences of sex development ; Differentiation ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Endocrinology ; Fetal Development - physiology ; Fetus ; Fetus - metabolism ; Fetuses ; Growth ; Hedgehog protein ; Hedgehog Proteins - metabolism ; Humans ; Leydig Cells - physiology ; Male ; Males ; Mini-Reviews ; Pediatrics ; Sex ; Sex differentiation ; Sex Differentiation - physiology ; Signal Transduction - physiology ; Synthesis ; Testis - embryology ; Testis - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2021-07, Vol.162 (7), p.1</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. 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subjects Analysis
Androgens
Androgens - biosynthesis
Animals
Anomalies
Antilipemic agents
Birth defects
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - biosynthesis
Cholesterol - physiology
Defects
Development and progression
Differences of sex development
Differentiation
Disorders of Sex Development
Endocrinology
Fetal Development - physiology
Fetus
Fetus - metabolism
Fetuses
Growth
Hedgehog protein
Hedgehog Proteins - metabolism
Humans
Leydig Cells - physiology
Male
Males
Mini-Reviews
Pediatrics
Sex
Sex differentiation
Sex Differentiation - physiology
Signal Transduction - physiology
Synthesis
Testis - embryology
Testis - metabolism
title Cholesterol Contributes to Male Sex Differentiation Through Its Developmental Role in Androgen Synthesis and Hedgehog Signaling
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