A Study on Improving the Efficacy of Nanoparticle-Based Photothermal Therapy: From Nanoscale to Micron Scale to Millimeter Scale
Photothermal therapy based on nanoparticles is a promising method for cancer treatment. However, there are still many limits in practical application. During photothermal therapy, improving therapeutic effect is contradictory to reducing overheating in healthy tissues. We should make the temperature...
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description | Photothermal therapy based on nanoparticles is a promising method for cancer treatment. However, there are still many limits in practical application. During photothermal therapy, improving therapeutic effect is contradictory to reducing overheating in healthy tissues. We should make the temperature distribution more uniform and reduce the damage of healthy tissue caused by overheating. In the present work, we develop a simple computational method to analyze the temperature distribution during photothermal therapy at three levels (nanoscale, micron scale, and millimeter scale), and investigate the effects of nanoparticle size, volume fraction, light intensity, and irradiation shape on temperature distribution. We find that it is difficult to achieve good therapeutic effect just by adjusting the volume fraction of nanoparticles and light intensity. To achieve good therapeutic effect, we propose a new irradiation shape, spot array light. This method can achieve a better temperature distribution by easily regulating the positions of spots for the tumor with a large aspect ratio or a small one. In addition, the method of irradiation with spot array light can better reduce the overheating at the bottom and top of the tumor than the full-coverage light or others such as ring light. This theoretical work presents a simple method to investigate the effects of irradiation shape on therapy and provides a far more controlled way to improve the efficacy of photothermal therapy. |
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However, there are still many limits in practical application. During photothermal therapy, improving therapeutic effect is contradictory to reducing overheating in healthy tissues. We should make the temperature distribution more uniform and reduce the damage of healthy tissue caused by overheating. In the present work, we develop a simple computational method to analyze the temperature distribution during photothermal therapy at three levels (nanoscale, micron scale, and millimeter scale), and investigate the effects of nanoparticle size, volume fraction, light intensity, and irradiation shape on temperature distribution. We find that it is difficult to achieve good therapeutic effect just by adjusting the volume fraction of nanoparticles and light intensity. To achieve good therapeutic effect, we propose a new irradiation shape, spot array light. This method can achieve a better temperature distribution by easily regulating the positions of spots for the tumor with a large aspect ratio or a small one. In addition, the method of irradiation with spot array light can better reduce the overheating at the bottom and top of the tumor than the full-coverage light or others such as ring light. This theoretical work presents a simple method to investigate the effects of irradiation shape on therapy and provides a far more controlled way to improve the efficacy of photothermal therapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma14092407</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34063151</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Arrays ; Aspect ratio ; Cancer ; Equilibrium ; Heat transfer ; Irradiation ; Light ; Luminous intensity ; Nanoparticles ; Overheating ; Peptides ; Polyethylene glycol ; Shape effects ; Temperature distribution ; Therapy ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-05, Vol.14 (9), p.2407</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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subjects | Arrays Aspect ratio Cancer Equilibrium Heat transfer Irradiation Light Luminous intensity Nanoparticles Overheating Peptides Polyethylene glycol Shape effects Temperature distribution Therapy Tumors |
title | A Study on Improving the Efficacy of Nanoparticle-Based Photothermal Therapy: From Nanoscale to Micron Scale to Millimeter Scale |
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