Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Soybean ( (L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (9), p.4573 |
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| creator | Ono, Yuki Fukasawa, Masashige Sueyoshi, Kuni Ohtake, Norikuni Sato, Takashi Tanabata, Sayuri Toyota, Ryo Higuchi, Kyoko Saito, Akihiro Ohyama, Takuji |
| description | Soybean (
(L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the xylem sap and each organ were analyzed. The ureide concentration in the xylem sap was the highest in the control plants that were supplied with an N-free nutrient solution, but nitrate and asparagine were the principal compounds in the xylem sap with nitrate treatment. The metabolite concentrations in both the xylem sap and each organ were similar between the ammonium and urea treatments. Considerable amounts of urea were present in the xylem sap and all the organs among all the treatments. Positive correlations were observed between the ureides and urea concentrations in the xylem sap as well as in the roots and leaves, although no correlations were observed between the urea and arginine concentrations, suggesting that urea may have originated from ureide degradation in soybean plants, possibly in the roots. This is the first finding of the possibility of ureide degradation to urea in the underground organs of soybean plants. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms22094573 |
| format | Article |
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(L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the xylem sap and each organ were analyzed. The ureide concentration in the xylem sap was the highest in the control plants that were supplied with an N-free nutrient solution, but nitrate and asparagine were the principal compounds in the xylem sap with nitrate treatment. The metabolite concentrations in both the xylem sap and each organ were similar between the ammonium and urea treatments. Considerable amounts of urea were present in the xylem sap and all the organs among all the treatments. Positive correlations were observed between the ureides and urea concentrations in the xylem sap as well as in the roots and leaves, although no correlations were observed between the urea and arginine concentrations, suggesting that urea may have originated from ureide degradation in soybean plants, possibly in the roots. This is the first finding of the possibility of ureide degradation to urea in the underground organs of soybean plants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094573</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33925462</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Allantoin - metabolism ; Amino Acids - metabolism ; Ammonium ; Ammonium Compounds - pharmacology ; Asparagine ; Cultivars ; Glycine max ; Glycine max - drug effects ; Glycine max - metabolism ; Metabolites ; Nitrates - pharmacology ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation - drug effects ; Nodules ; Organs ; Plant growth ; Plant Root Nodulation - drug effects ; Plant Roots - drug effects ; Plant Roots - metabolism ; Root nodules ; Roots ; Soybeans ; Sugars - metabolism ; Urea ; Urea - metabolism ; Urea - pharmacology ; Ureas ; Xylem ; Xylem - drug effects ; Xylem - metabolism</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-04, Vol.22 (9), p.4573</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-d2597a003864292b00b0875c703009251e088a778b3df83299be1e2e0db4bf803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-d2597a003864292b00b0875c703009251e088a778b3df83299be1e2e0db4bf803</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123890/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8123890/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925462$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ono, Yuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukasawa, Masashige</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sueyoshi, Kuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohtake, Norikuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanabata, Sayuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toyota, Ryo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higuchi, Kyoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saito, Akihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohyama, Takuji</creatorcontrib><title>Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Soybean (
(L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the xylem sap and each organ were analyzed. The ureide concentration in the xylem sap was the highest in the control plants that were supplied with an N-free nutrient solution, but nitrate and asparagine were the principal compounds in the xylem sap with nitrate treatment. The metabolite concentrations in both the xylem sap and each organ were similar between the ammonium and urea treatments. Considerable amounts of urea were present in the xylem sap and all the organs among all the treatments. Positive correlations were observed between the ureides and urea concentrations in the xylem sap as well as in the roots and leaves, although no correlations were observed between the urea and arginine concentrations, suggesting that urea may have originated from ureide degradation in soybean plants, possibly in the roots. This is the first finding of the possibility of ureide degradation to urea in the underground organs of soybean plants.</description><subject>Allantoin - metabolism</subject><subject>Amino Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Ammonium Compounds - pharmacology</subject><subject>Asparagine</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Glycine max</subject><subject>Glycine max - drug effects</subject><subject>Glycine max - metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Nitrates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen Fixation - drug effects</subject><subject>Nodules</subject><subject>Organs</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Root Nodulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Roots - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Roots - metabolism</subject><subject>Root nodules</subject><subject>Roots</subject><subject>Soybeans</subject><subject>Sugars - metabolism</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Urea - metabolism</subject><subject>Urea - pharmacology</subject><subject>Ureas</subject><subject>Xylem</subject><subject>Xylem - drug effects</subject><subject>Xylem - metabolism</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkl1r2zAUhs1YWT-2u12PA7tJIcmOJX_IN4MQtraQLYOusDsj28eJgi25kj2W39c_NrlpS7YrCel5H_SKEwTvQ5xznuEntWsdY5hFccpfBWdhxNgMMUlfH-1Pg3PndoiMszh7E5z6IIujhJ0FD4uua1Qpe2U0mBq-q97KnqawaFuj1dBOwVi4syRhuZV6Qw76LcHS6JL0iPqcG4MeURW56SM7xpU2sChV5UDqCtY-ZeEb9bIwjeq9Rmn4tW-ohVvZPSL-YFSv7UYelLdmX5DU8KORuncwgatmXypN0Mo_MFnNL73P2vnl2-Cklo2jd0_rRXD39cvP5fVstb66WS5WszJKRT-rfPdUInKRRCxjBWKBIo3LFDmi_4-QUAiZpqLgVS04y7KCQmKEVREVtUB-EXw-eLuhaKk6fECTd1a10u5zI1X-741W23xjfuciZFxko2DyJLDmfiDX561yJTW-H5nB5SxmKOIEo8yjH_9Dd2aw2tcbKcGSME0iT00PVGmNc5bql8eEmI_TkR9Ph8c_HBd4gZ_Hgf8Fif-1Bw</recordid><startdate>20210427</startdate><enddate>20210427</enddate><creator>Ono, Yuki</creator><creator>Fukasawa, Masashige</creator><creator>Sueyoshi, Kuni</creator><creator>Ohtake, Norikuni</creator><creator>Sato, Takashi</creator><creator>Tanabata, Sayuri</creator><creator>Toyota, Ryo</creator><creator>Higuchi, Kyoko</creator><creator>Saito, Akihiro</creator><creator>Ohyama, Takuji</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210427</creationdate><title>Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)</title><author>Ono, Yuki ; Fukasawa, Masashige ; Sueyoshi, Kuni ; Ohtake, Norikuni ; Sato, Takashi ; Tanabata, Sayuri ; Toyota, Ryo ; Higuchi, Kyoko ; Saito, Akihiro ; Ohyama, Takuji</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-d2597a003864292b00b0875c703009251e088a778b3df83299be1e2e0db4bf803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Allantoin - metabolism</topic><topic>Amino Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Ammonium</topic><topic>Ammonium Compounds - pharmacology</topic><topic>Asparagine</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Glycine max</topic><topic>Glycine max - drug effects</topic><topic>Glycine max - metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Nitrates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen Fixation - drug effects</topic><topic>Nodules</topic><topic>Organs</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant Root Nodulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Plant Roots - drug effects</topic><topic>Plant Roots - metabolism</topic><topic>Root nodules</topic><topic>Roots</topic><topic>Soybeans</topic><topic>Sugars - metabolism</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Urea - metabolism</topic><topic>Urea - pharmacology</topic><topic>Ureas</topic><topic>Xylem</topic><topic>Xylem - drug effects</topic><topic>Xylem - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ono, Yuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukasawa, Masashige</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sueyoshi, Kuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohtake, Norikuni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanabata, Sayuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toyota, Ryo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higuchi, Kyoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saito, Akihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ohyama, Takuji</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ono, Yuki</au><au>Fukasawa, Masashige</au><au>Sueyoshi, Kuni</au><au>Ohtake, Norikuni</au><au>Sato, Takashi</au><au>Tanabata, Sayuri</au><au>Toyota, Ryo</au><au>Higuchi, Kyoko</au><au>Saito, Akihiro</au><au>Ohyama, Takuji</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2021-04-27</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>4573</spage><pages>4573-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Soybean (
(L.) Merr.) plants form root nodules and fix atmospheric dinitrogen, while also utilizing the combined nitrogen absorbed from roots. In this study, nodulated soybean plants were supplied with 5 mM N nitrate, ammonium, or urea for 3 days, and the changes in metabolite concentrations in the xylem sap and each organ were analyzed. The ureide concentration in the xylem sap was the highest in the control plants that were supplied with an N-free nutrient solution, but nitrate and asparagine were the principal compounds in the xylem sap with nitrate treatment. The metabolite concentrations in both the xylem sap and each organ were similar between the ammonium and urea treatments. Considerable amounts of urea were present in the xylem sap and all the organs among all the treatments. Positive correlations were observed between the ureides and urea concentrations in the xylem sap as well as in the roots and leaves, although no correlations were observed between the urea and arginine concentrations, suggesting that urea may have originated from ureide degradation in soybean plants, possibly in the roots. This is the first finding of the possibility of ureide degradation to urea in the underground organs of soybean plants.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33925462</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms22094573</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Allantoin - metabolism Amino Acids - metabolism Ammonium Ammonium Compounds - pharmacology Asparagine Cultivars Glycine max Glycine max - drug effects Glycine max - metabolism Metabolites Nitrates - pharmacology Nitrogen Nitrogen Fixation - drug effects Nodules Organs Plant growth Plant Root Nodulation - drug effects Plant Roots - drug effects Plant Roots - metabolism Root nodules Roots Soybeans Sugars - metabolism Urea Urea - metabolism Urea - pharmacology Ureas Xylem Xylem - drug effects Xylem - metabolism |
| title | Application of Nitrate, Ammonium, or Urea Changes the Concentrations of Ureides, Urea, Amino Acids and Other Metabolites in Xylem Sap and in the Organs of Soybean Plants ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) |
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