Cashew Gum Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Grafted with Polypropylene Glycol as Carriers for Diclofenac Sodium
This investigation focuses on the development and optimization of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) nanoparticles grafted with polypropylene glycol (PPG) as carriers for diclofenac sodium. The optimization of parameters affecting nanoparticles formulation was performed using a central composite rotata...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2021-04, Vol.14 (9), p.2115 |
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| creator | Silva, Cassio Nazareno Silva da Di-Medeiros, Maria Carolina Bezerra Lião, Luciano Morais Fernandes, Kátia Flávia Batista, Karla de Aleluia |
| description | This investigation focuses on the development and optimization of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) nanoparticles grafted with polypropylene glycol (PPG) as carriers for diclofenac sodium. The optimization of parameters affecting nanoparticles formulation was performed using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). It was demonstrated that the best formulation was achieved when 10 mg of CGP was mixed with 10 μL of PPG and homogenized at 22,000 rpm for 15 min. The physicochemical characterization evidenced that diclofenac was efficiently entrapped, as increases in the thermal stability of the drug were observed. The CGP-PPG@diclofenac nanoparticles showed a globular shape, with smooth surfaces, a hydrodynamic diameter around 275 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.342, and a zeta potential of -5.98 mV. The kinetic studies evidenced that diclofenac release followed an anomalous transport mechanism, with a sustained release up to 68 h. These results indicated that CGP-PPG nanoparticles are an effective material for the loading/release of drugs with similar structures to diclofenac sodium. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma14092115 |
| format | Article |
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The optimization of parameters affecting nanoparticles formulation was performed using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). It was demonstrated that the best formulation was achieved when 10 mg of CGP was mixed with 10 μL of PPG and homogenized at 22,000 rpm for 15 min. The physicochemical characterization evidenced that diclofenac was efficiently entrapped, as increases in the thermal stability of the drug were observed. The CGP-PPG@diclofenac nanoparticles showed a globular shape, with smooth surfaces, a hydrodynamic diameter around 275 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.342, and a zeta potential of -5.98 mV. The kinetic studies evidenced that diclofenac release followed an anomalous transport mechanism, with a sustained release up to 68 h. These results indicated that CGP-PPG nanoparticles are an effective material for the loading/release of drugs with similar structures to diclofenac sodium.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma14092115</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33922015</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Bioavailability ; Diclofenac ; Drug delivery systems ; Efficiency ; Ethanol ; Gums ; Nanoparticles ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Optimization ; Particle size ; Polydispersity ; Polyethylene glycol ; Polymers ; Polypropylene glycol ; Polysaccharides ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sodium ; Software ; Spectrum analysis ; Sustained release ; Thermal stability ; Zeta potential</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-04, Vol.14 (9), p.2115</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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These results indicated that CGP-PPG nanoparticles are an effective material for the loading/release of drugs with similar structures to diclofenac sodium.</description><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Diclofenac</subject><subject>Drug delivery systems</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Gums</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Polydispersity</subject><subject>Polyethylene glycol</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Polypropylene glycol</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Sustained release</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><subject>Zeta potential</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkVFrFTEQhYMottS--AMk4IsI12aSze7mRZBbvQqlCupzmJtMvKm7mzXZtdx_79bWtnZeZmC-OZzhMPYcxBuljDjpESphJIB-xA7BmHoFpqoe35sP2HEpF2IppaCV5ik7WC6lFKAP2c81lh1d8s3c8y-p2xd0boc5euLnOKQR8xRdR4VvMoaJPL-M0-4vOeY07jsaiG-6vUsdx8LXmHOkXHhImZ8uhynQgI5_TT7O_TP2JGBX6PimH7HvH95_W39cnX3efFq_O1u5StTTyrcYvDEUoCLRSudqVTXGyUajBlINeU-wDSBqjWBqdKLZErbC-Cp4iVt1xN5e647ztifvaJgydnbMsce8twmj_X8zxJ39kX7bFqTUolkEXt0I5PRrpjLZPhZHXYcDpblYqaVom0pLvaAvH6AXac7D8t5CKQE1GLiiXl9TLqdSMoVbMyDsVYz2LsYFfnHf_i36LzT1BwrMme4</recordid><startdate>20210422</startdate><enddate>20210422</enddate><creator>Silva, Cassio Nazareno Silva da</creator><creator>Di-Medeiros, Maria Carolina Bezerra</creator><creator>Lião, Luciano Morais</creator><creator>Fernandes, Kátia Flávia</creator><creator>Batista, Karla de Aleluia</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-9728</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210422</creationdate><title>Cashew Gum Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Grafted with Polypropylene Glycol as Carriers for Diclofenac Sodium</title><author>Silva, Cassio Nazareno Silva da ; 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| subjects | Bioavailability Diclofenac Drug delivery systems Efficiency Ethanol Gums Nanoparticles Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Optimization Particle size Polydispersity Polyethylene glycol Polymers Polypropylene glycol Polysaccharides Scanning electron microscopy Sodium Software Spectrum analysis Sustained release Thermal stability Zeta potential |
| title | Cashew Gum Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Grafted with Polypropylene Glycol as Carriers for Diclofenac Sodium |
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