Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study
Background Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is widely recognized as a negative prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between the olfact...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology 2022-02, Vol.279 (2), p.811-816 |
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| creator | Vaira, Luigi Angelo De Vito, Andrea Deiana, Giovanna Pes, Chiara Giovanditto, Federica Fiore, Vito Lechien, Jerome R. Le Bon, Serge-Daniel Saussez, Sven Madeddu, Giordano Babudieri, Sergio Pazzola, Antonio Bandiera, Franco Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe Piana, Andrea Fausto Hopkins, Claire De Riu, Giacomo |
| description | Background
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is widely recognized as a negative prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between the olfactory scores determined by psychophysical tests and the serum levels of IL-6 in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Methods
Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and IL-6 plasma level determination within 10 days of the clinical onset of COVID-19.
Results
Seventy-four COVID-19 patients were included in this study. COVID-19 staged as mild in 34 patients, moderate in 26 and severe in 14 cases. There were no significant differences in olfactory scores across the different COVID-19 severity groups. In the patient series, the median plasma level of IL-6 was 7.7 pg/mL (IQR 3.7–18.8). The concentration of IL-6 was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 with a directly proportional relationship. The correlation between IL-6 plasma concentrations and olfactory scores was weak (
r
s
= 0.182) and not significant (
p
= 0.12).
Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, psychophysical olfactory scores did not show significant correlations with the plasma levels of a well-recognized negative prognostic factor such as IL-6. This observation casts some shadows on the positive prognostic value of olfactory dysfunctions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00405-021-06868-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8117453</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2526307670</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-c45ae73a25f0da1b552a484bc6ca5448ebdda5931d807eba9bfad17d895c1df83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1u3CAUhVGVqpmmfYEsKpbZ0IIBg7OIFE3_Rhopm7ZbhOE6JbJhAvZU8_YlnSRqN91cFvec7x5xEDpn9D2jVH0olAoqCW0Yoa1uNZEv0IoJLohQTXuCVrTjigih1Cl6XcodpVSKjr9Cp5x3mstGrlBep5xhtHNIseAe5l8AEW-2pMUF8jLhEfYwYhs9TuNg3ZzyAftDGZboHjxVtYcc5gMOEa9vfmw-EtbhXeVBnMsltnhX8WEK0VZjmRd_eINeDnYs8PbxPUPfP3_6tv5KtjdfNuvrLXFCtHOd0oLitpED9Zb1UjZWaNG71lkphIbeeys7zrymCnrb9YP1THndScf8oPkZujpyd0s_gXc1ULaj2eUw1Swm2WD-3cTw09ymvdGMKSF5BVw8AnK6X6DMZgrFwTjaCGkpppFNy6lqFa3S5ih1OZWSYXg-w6h5KMscyzK1LPOnLCOr6d3fAZ8tT-1UAT8KSl3FW8jmLi051k_7H_Y3RrOi9Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2526307670</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Vaira, Luigi Angelo ; De Vito, Andrea ; Deiana, Giovanna ; Pes, Chiara ; Giovanditto, Federica ; Fiore, Vito ; Lechien, Jerome R. ; Le Bon, Serge-Daniel ; Saussez, Sven ; Madeddu, Giordano ; Babudieri, Sergio ; Pazzola, Antonio ; Bandiera, Franco ; Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe ; Piana, Andrea Fausto ; Hopkins, Claire ; De Riu, Giacomo</creator><creatorcontrib>Vaira, Luigi Angelo ; De Vito, Andrea ; Deiana, Giovanna ; Pes, Chiara ; Giovanditto, Federica ; Fiore, Vito ; Lechien, Jerome R. ; Le Bon, Serge-Daniel ; Saussez, Sven ; Madeddu, Giordano ; Babudieri, Sergio ; Pazzola, Antonio ; Bandiera, Franco ; Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe ; Piana, Andrea Fausto ; Hopkins, Claire ; De Riu, Giacomo</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is widely recognized as a negative prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between the olfactory scores determined by psychophysical tests and the serum levels of IL-6 in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Methods
Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and IL-6 plasma level determination within 10 days of the clinical onset of COVID-19.
Results
Seventy-four COVID-19 patients were included in this study. COVID-19 staged as mild in 34 patients, moderate in 26 and severe in 14 cases. There were no significant differences in olfactory scores across the different COVID-19 severity groups. In the patient series, the median plasma level of IL-6 was 7.7 pg/mL (IQR 3.7–18.8). The concentration of IL-6 was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 with a directly proportional relationship. The correlation between IL-6 plasma concentrations and olfactory scores was weak (
r
s
= 0.182) and not significant (
p
= 0.12).
Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, psychophysical olfactory scores did not show significant correlations with the plasma levels of a well-recognized negative prognostic factor such as IL-6. This observation casts some shadows on the positive prognostic value of olfactory dysfunctions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-4477</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1434-4726</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06868-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33983525</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>COVID-19 ; Head and Neck Surgery ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Neurosurgery ; Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders - etiology ; Otorhinolaryngology ; Rhinology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell</subject><ispartof>European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology, 2022-02, Vol.279 (2), p.811-816</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-c45ae73a25f0da1b552a484bc6ca5448ebdda5931d807eba9bfad17d895c1df83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-c45ae73a25f0da1b552a484bc6ca5448ebdda5931d807eba9bfad17d895c1df83</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7789-145X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00405-021-06868-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00405-021-06868-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33983525$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vaira, Luigi Angelo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Vito, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deiana, Giovanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pes, Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giovanditto, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiore, Vito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lechien, Jerome R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Bon, Serge-Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saussez, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madeddu, Giordano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babudieri, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pazzola, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bandiera, Franco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piana, Andrea Fausto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, Claire</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Riu, Giacomo</creatorcontrib><title>Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study</title><title>European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology</title><addtitle>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</addtitle><description>Background
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is widely recognized as a negative prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between the olfactory scores determined by psychophysical tests and the serum levels of IL-6 in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Methods
Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and IL-6 plasma level determination within 10 days of the clinical onset of COVID-19.
Results
Seventy-four COVID-19 patients were included in this study. COVID-19 staged as mild in 34 patients, moderate in 26 and severe in 14 cases. There were no significant differences in olfactory scores across the different COVID-19 severity groups. In the patient series, the median plasma level of IL-6 was 7.7 pg/mL (IQR 3.7–18.8). The concentration of IL-6 was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 with a directly proportional relationship. The correlation between IL-6 plasma concentrations and olfactory scores was weak (
r
s
= 0.182) and not significant (
p
= 0.12).
Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, psychophysical olfactory scores did not show significant correlations with the plasma levels of a well-recognized negative prognostic factor such as IL-6. This observation casts some shadows on the positive prognostic value of olfactory dysfunctions.</description><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Head and Neck Surgery</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interleukin-6</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Neurosurgery</subject><subject>Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Olfaction Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Otorhinolaryngology</subject><subject>Rhinology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Smell</subject><issn>0937-4477</issn><issn>1434-4726</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u3CAUhVGVqpmmfYEsKpbZ0IIBg7OIFE3_Rhopm7ZbhOE6JbJhAvZU8_YlnSRqN91cFvec7x5xEDpn9D2jVH0olAoqCW0Yoa1uNZEv0IoJLohQTXuCVrTjigih1Cl6XcodpVSKjr9Cp5x3mstGrlBep5xhtHNIseAe5l8AEW-2pMUF8jLhEfYwYhs9TuNg3ZzyAftDGZboHjxVtYcc5gMOEa9vfmw-EtbhXeVBnMsltnhX8WEK0VZjmRd_eINeDnYs8PbxPUPfP3_6tv5KtjdfNuvrLXFCtHOd0oLitpED9Zb1UjZWaNG71lkphIbeeys7zrymCnrb9YP1THndScf8oPkZujpyd0s_gXc1ULaj2eUw1Swm2WD-3cTw09ymvdGMKSF5BVw8AnK6X6DMZgrFwTjaCGkpppFNy6lqFa3S5ih1OZWSYXg-w6h5KMscyzK1LPOnLCOr6d3fAZ8tT-1UAT8KSl3FW8jmLi051k_7H_Y3RrOi9Q</recordid><startdate>20220201</startdate><enddate>20220201</enddate><creator>Vaira, Luigi Angelo</creator><creator>De Vito, Andrea</creator><creator>Deiana, Giovanna</creator><creator>Pes, Chiara</creator><creator>Giovanditto, Federica</creator><creator>Fiore, Vito</creator><creator>Lechien, Jerome R.</creator><creator>Le Bon, Serge-Daniel</creator><creator>Saussez, Sven</creator><creator>Madeddu, Giordano</creator><creator>Babudieri, Sergio</creator><creator>Pazzola, Antonio</creator><creator>Bandiera, Franco</creator><creator>Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe</creator><creator>Piana, Andrea Fausto</creator><creator>Hopkins, Claire</creator><creator>De Riu, Giacomo</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-145X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220201</creationdate><title>Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study</title><author>Vaira, Luigi Angelo ; De Vito, Andrea ; Deiana, Giovanna ; Pes, Chiara ; Giovanditto, Federica ; Fiore, Vito ; Lechien, Jerome R. ; Le Bon, Serge-Daniel ; Saussez, Sven ; Madeddu, Giordano ; Babudieri, Sergio ; Pazzola, Antonio ; Bandiera, Franco ; Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe ; Piana, Andrea Fausto ; Hopkins, Claire ; De Riu, Giacomo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-c45ae73a25f0da1b552a484bc6ca5448ebdda5931d807eba9bfad17d895c1df83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Head and Neck Surgery</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interleukin-6</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Neurosurgery</topic><topic>Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Olfaction Disorders - etiology</topic><topic>Otorhinolaryngology</topic><topic>Rhinology</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Smell</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vaira, Luigi Angelo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Vito, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deiana, Giovanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pes, Chiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giovanditto, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiore, Vito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lechien, Jerome R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Bon, Serge-Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saussez, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madeddu, Giordano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babudieri, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pazzola, Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bandiera, Franco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piana, Andrea Fausto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, Claire</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Riu, Giacomo</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vaira, Luigi Angelo</au><au>De Vito, Andrea</au><au>Deiana, Giovanna</au><au>Pes, Chiara</au><au>Giovanditto, Federica</au><au>Fiore, Vito</au><au>Lechien, Jerome R.</au><au>Le Bon, Serge-Daniel</au><au>Saussez, Sven</au><au>Madeddu, Giordano</au><au>Babudieri, Sergio</au><au>Pazzola, Antonio</au><au>Bandiera, Franco</au><au>Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe</au><au>Piana, Andrea Fausto</au><au>Hopkins, Claire</au><au>De Riu, Giacomo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study</atitle><jtitle>European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</addtitle><date>2022-02-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>279</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>811</spage><epage>816</epage><pages>811-816</pages><issn>0937-4477</issn><eissn>1434-4726</eissn><abstract>Background
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is widely recognized as a negative prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between the olfactory scores determined by psychophysical tests and the serum levels of IL-6 in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Methods
Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and IL-6 plasma level determination within 10 days of the clinical onset of COVID-19.
Results
Seventy-four COVID-19 patients were included in this study. COVID-19 staged as mild in 34 patients, moderate in 26 and severe in 14 cases. There were no significant differences in olfactory scores across the different COVID-19 severity groups. In the patient series, the median plasma level of IL-6 was 7.7 pg/mL (IQR 3.7–18.8). The concentration of IL-6 was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 with a directly proportional relationship. The correlation between IL-6 plasma concentrations and olfactory scores was weak (
r
s
= 0.182) and not significant (
p
= 0.12).
Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, psychophysical olfactory scores did not show significant correlations with the plasma levels of a well-recognized negative prognostic factor such as IL-6. This observation casts some shadows on the positive prognostic value of olfactory dysfunctions.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33983525</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00405-021-06868-5</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-145X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology, 2022-02, Vol.279 (2), p.811-816 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | COVID-19 Head and Neck Surgery Humans Interleukin-6 Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neurosurgery Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis Olfaction Disorders - etiology Otorhinolaryngology Rhinology SARS-CoV-2 Smell |
| title | Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study |
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