Effect of different cooking methods on loss of iron and zinc micronutrients in fortified and non-fortified rice
Malnutrition is considered as major public health concern and is emerging challenge to food and nutrition security particularly in developing countries. Rice is the staple food and consumed by the half of the world's population which is the source of daily requirement of the nutrients. Attempts...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Saudi journal of biological sciences 2021-05, Vol.28 (5), p.2886-2894 |
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creator | Mohibbe Azam, M. Padmavathi, Sarla Abdul Fiyaz, R. Waris, Amtul Ramya, K.T. Neeraja, Chirravuri N. |
description | Malnutrition is considered as major public health concern and is emerging challenge to food and nutrition security particularly in developing countries. Rice is the staple food and consumed by the half of the world's population which is the source of daily requirement of the nutrients. Attempts are being made to fortify rice with micronutrients, but the loss or retention of these micronutrients in different cooking methods is not well studied and documented especially in fortified rice. In the present study, paddy seeds of six Indian varieties were fortified with iron and zinc by parboiling process. Consequently, fortified polished rice had higher micronutrient contents (Fe, 106.31 ± 12.56; Zn, 97.72 ± 9.75) than non-fortified polished rice (Fe, 7.44 ± 1.05; Zn, 14.74 ± 2.94) expressed in ppm. Polished rice of both fortified and non-fortified were cooked under five different cooking conditions and analyzed for remaining iron and zinc content. Cooking rice in rice cooker without prior washing (NRC) retained highest concentration of Fe and Zinc in both fortified and non-fortified rice varieties. It also showed that fortified rice suffered higher percentage loss of micronutrient, than the non-fortified rice. But the average retained micronutrient amount measured in ppm, was higher in fortified rice (Fe, 43.54 ± 6.88; Zn, 36.7 ± 3.12) than in non-fortified rice (Fe, 4.24 ± 0.87; Zn, 9.3 ± 2.11). Hence, adopting appropriate cooking method, higher amount of micronutrients will be retained in the cooked food which will in turn help in combating the malnutrition and improve health. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.021 |
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Rice is the staple food and consumed by the half of the world's population which is the source of daily requirement of the nutrients. Attempts are being made to fortify rice with micronutrients, but the loss or retention of these micronutrients in different cooking methods is not well studied and documented especially in fortified rice. In the present study, paddy seeds of six Indian varieties were fortified with iron and zinc by parboiling process. Consequently, fortified polished rice had higher micronutrient contents (Fe, 106.31 ± 12.56; Zn, 97.72 ± 9.75) than non-fortified polished rice (Fe, 7.44 ± 1.05; Zn, 14.74 ± 2.94) expressed in ppm. Polished rice of both fortified and non-fortified were cooked under five different cooking conditions and analyzed for remaining iron and zinc content. Cooking rice in rice cooker without prior washing (NRC) retained highest concentration of Fe and Zinc in both fortified and non-fortified rice varieties. It also showed that fortified rice suffered higher percentage loss of micronutrient, than the non-fortified rice. But the average retained micronutrient amount measured in ppm, was higher in fortified rice (Fe, 43.54 ± 6.88; Zn, 36.7 ± 3.12) than in non-fortified rice (Fe, 4.24 ± 0.87; Zn, 9.3 ± 2.11). 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Rice is the staple food and consumed by the half of the world's population which is the source of daily requirement of the nutrients. Attempts are being made to fortify rice with micronutrients, but the loss or retention of these micronutrients in different cooking methods is not well studied and documented especially in fortified rice. In the present study, paddy seeds of six Indian varieties were fortified with iron and zinc by parboiling process. Consequently, fortified polished rice had higher micronutrient contents (Fe, 106.31 ± 12.56; Zn, 97.72 ± 9.75) than non-fortified polished rice (Fe, 7.44 ± 1.05; Zn, 14.74 ± 2.94) expressed in ppm. Polished rice of both fortified and non-fortified were cooked under five different cooking conditions and analyzed for remaining iron and zinc content. Cooking rice in rice cooker without prior washing (NRC) retained highest concentration of Fe and Zinc in both fortified and non-fortified rice varieties. It also showed that fortified rice suffered higher percentage loss of micronutrient, than the non-fortified rice. But the average retained micronutrient amount measured in ppm, was higher in fortified rice (Fe, 43.54 ± 6.88; Zn, 36.7 ± 3.12) than in non-fortified rice (Fe, 4.24 ± 0.87; Zn, 9.3 ± 2.11). Hence, adopting appropriate cooking method, higher amount of micronutrients will be retained in the cooked food which will in turn help in combating the malnutrition and improve health.</description><subject>Cooking methods</subject><subject>Fortified rice</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Micronutrients</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Polished rice</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1319-562X</issn><issn>2213-7106</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UU1v1DAQtRCILoU_wAH5yCWLx46TVEJIqCofUiUuPXCzHHvceknsYmcrwa9nQpcuXJBG9sz4zfPTPMZegtiCgO7Nblt3Y91KIWErJAU8YhspQTU9iO4x24CCs0Z38usJe1brTohuUAM8ZSeqFVJD121YvggB3cJz4D5SWjAt3OX8LaZrPuNyk33lOfEp17qCYqHCJs9_xuT4HB3V-6VEGqs8Jh5yWWKI6H-DUk7NsVOiw-fsSbBTxReH-5Rdfbi4Ov_UXH75-Pn8_WXj2n5YGj8I7bzXFkfltBdaa-XG1o2-0wqkH7Afw5pIObTCuh4g-DN0go4elTpl7-5pb_fjjN6RvGInc1vibMsPk200_76keGOu850ZAHroWiJ4fSAo-fse62LmWB1Ok02Y99VIkqFbRcIIKu-htItaC4aHb0CY1SizM6tRZjXKCEkBNPTqb4EPI3-cOQKQ-hjskbQFLcXK8PYAoDXeRSymOrLBoY-FHDU-x_8J-AVd6bH2</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Mohibbe Azam, M.</creator><creator>Padmavathi, Sarla</creator><creator>Abdul Fiyaz, R.</creator><creator>Waris, Amtul</creator><creator>Ramya, K.T.</creator><creator>Neeraja, Chirravuri N.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Saudi Biological Society</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Effect of different cooking methods on loss of iron and zinc micronutrients in fortified and non-fortified rice</title><author>Mohibbe Azam, M. ; Padmavathi, Sarla ; Abdul Fiyaz, R. ; Waris, Amtul ; Ramya, K.T. ; Neeraja, Chirravuri N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-d805cdd5aeb3c5d05553cb4cbd65312d8e7bf312d22840ac711fd9ec0d9e7e33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Cooking methods</topic><topic>Fortified rice</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Micronutrients</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Polished rice</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mohibbe Azam, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Padmavathi, Sarla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdul Fiyaz, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waris, Amtul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramya, K.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neeraja, Chirravuri N.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Saudi journal of biological sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mohibbe Azam, M.</au><au>Padmavathi, Sarla</au><au>Abdul Fiyaz, R.</au><au>Waris, Amtul</au><au>Ramya, K.T.</au><au>Neeraja, Chirravuri N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of different cooking methods on loss of iron and zinc micronutrients in fortified and non-fortified rice</atitle><jtitle>Saudi journal of biological sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Saudi J Biol Sci</addtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2886</spage><epage>2894</epage><pages>2886-2894</pages><issn>1319-562X</issn><eissn>2213-7106</eissn><abstract>Malnutrition is considered as major public health concern and is emerging challenge to food and nutrition security particularly in developing countries. Rice is the staple food and consumed by the half of the world's population which is the source of daily requirement of the nutrients. Attempts are being made to fortify rice with micronutrients, but the loss or retention of these micronutrients in different cooking methods is not well studied and documented especially in fortified rice. In the present study, paddy seeds of six Indian varieties were fortified with iron and zinc by parboiling process. Consequently, fortified polished rice had higher micronutrient contents (Fe, 106.31 ± 12.56; Zn, 97.72 ± 9.75) than non-fortified polished rice (Fe, 7.44 ± 1.05; Zn, 14.74 ± 2.94) expressed in ppm. Polished rice of both fortified and non-fortified were cooked under five different cooking conditions and analyzed for remaining iron and zinc content. Cooking rice in rice cooker without prior washing (NRC) retained highest concentration of Fe and Zinc in both fortified and non-fortified rice varieties. It also showed that fortified rice suffered higher percentage loss of micronutrient, than the non-fortified rice. But the average retained micronutrient amount measured in ppm, was higher in fortified rice (Fe, 43.54 ± 6.88; Zn, 36.7 ± 3.12) than in non-fortified rice (Fe, 4.24 ± 0.87; Zn, 9.3 ± 2.11). Hence, adopting appropriate cooking method, higher amount of micronutrients will be retained in the cooked food which will in turn help in combating the malnutrition and improve health.</abstract><cop>Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>34025166</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.021</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Cooking methods Fortified rice Iron Micronutrients Original Polished rice Zinc |
title | Effect of different cooking methods on loss of iron and zinc micronutrients in fortified and non-fortified rice |
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