Historical Trauma and Substance Use Among American Indian People With Current Substance Use Problems
Objective: In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people suffer health inequities associated with alcohol and other drug use and also experience historical trauma symptoms resulting from colonization. Research suggests that historical trauma may be associated with substance...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychology of addictive behaviors 2021-05, Vol.35 (3), p.295-309 |
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| creator | Gameon, Julie A. Skewes, Monica C. |
| description | Objective: In the United States, American Indian and
Alaska Native (AI/AN) people suffer health inequities associated with alcohol and other drug use and also experience historical trauma symptoms resulting from colonization. Research suggests that historical trauma may be associated with substance use among AI/ANs. Method: As part of a Community-Based Participatory Research project with tribal partners from a rural AI reservation, our team collected cross-sectional survey data from 198 tribal members who self-identified as having substance use problems. We examined associations between historical trauma thoughts, historical trauma symptoms, and substance use outcomes. We also examined historical trauma symptoms, current trauma symptoms, awareness of systemic discrimination, and ethnic identity as moderators of the associations between historical trauma thoughts and substance use variables. Results: Historical trauma thoughts, controlling for symptoms, were associated with greater abstinent days, fewer heavy alcohol use days, fewer drinks per drinking day, and fewer drug use days; historical trauma symptoms, controlling for thoughts, were associated only with fewer abstinent days. Moderation analyses showed that historical trauma thoughts were associated with better substance use outcomes when historical trauma symptoms were low, current trauma symptoms were low, awareness of systemic discrimination was high, and ethnic identity was high. Conclusion: When distressing trauma symptoms are low, historical trauma thoughts may act as a protective factor or as a marker for other factors associated with better substance use outcomes.
Public Health Significance
This study reports findings from a community-based participatory research project with a sample of reservation-dwelling American Indian adults with current substance use problems. Findings indicate that thoughts about historically traumatic events are associated with better substance use outcomes when trauma symptoms are low, awareness of systemic discrimination is high, and ethnic identity is high. This study highlights the importance of examining historical trauma thoughts and associated symptoms in health research with American Indians. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/adb0000729 |
| format | Article |
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Alaska Native (AI/AN) people suffer health inequities associated with alcohol and other drug use and also experience historical trauma symptoms resulting from colonization. Research suggests that historical trauma may be associated with substance use among AI/ANs. Method: As part of a Community-Based Participatory Research project with tribal partners from a rural AI reservation, our team collected cross-sectional survey data from 198 tribal members who self-identified as having substance use problems. We examined associations between historical trauma thoughts, historical trauma symptoms, and substance use outcomes. We also examined historical trauma symptoms, current trauma symptoms, awareness of systemic discrimination, and ethnic identity as moderators of the associations between historical trauma thoughts and substance use variables. Results: Historical trauma thoughts, controlling for symptoms, were associated with greater abstinent days, fewer heavy alcohol use days, fewer drinks per drinking day, and fewer drug use days; historical trauma symptoms, controlling for thoughts, were associated only with fewer abstinent days. Moderation analyses showed that historical trauma thoughts were associated with better substance use outcomes when historical trauma symptoms were low, current trauma symptoms were low, awareness of systemic discrimination was high, and ethnic identity was high. Conclusion: When distressing trauma symptoms are low, historical trauma thoughts may act as a protective factor or as a marker for other factors associated with better substance use outcomes.
Public Health Significance
This study reports findings from a community-based participatory research project with a sample of reservation-dwelling American Indian adults with current substance use problems. Findings indicate that thoughts about historically traumatic events are associated with better substance use outcomes when trauma symptoms are low, awareness of systemic discrimination is high, and ethnic identity is high. This study highlights the importance of examining historical trauma thoughts and associated symptoms in health research with American Indians.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0893-164X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1501</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/adb0000729</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33829816</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alaska Natives ; Alaska Natives - psychology ; Alaska Natives - statistics & numerical data ; Alcohol use ; American Indian or Alaska Native - psychology ; American Indian or Alaska Native - statistics & numerical data ; American Indians ; Awareness ; Colonization ; Community based action research ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Discrimination ; Drinks ; Drug Abstinence ; Drug abuse ; Drug Usage ; Ethnic Identity ; Ethnicity - psychology ; Ethnicity - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health disparities ; Historical Trauma - psychology ; History ; Human ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Indigenous peoples ; Inheritances ; Male ; Memorial Day ; Middle Aged ; Moderation ; Moderators ; Nostalgia ; Participatory research ; Psychological trauma ; Race and Ethnic Discrimination ; Substance abuse ; Substance Use Disorder ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders - ethnology ; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology ; Symptoms ; Teams ; Trauma ; United States ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Psychology of addictive behaviors, 2021-05, Vol.35 (3), p.295-309</ispartof><rights>2021 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2021, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association May 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a470t-2a8f75e5d6884ec2262f29c03dcf81e0617bc3282e89ab015ecb1021e4a02a413</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,30999</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33829816$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Witkiewitz, Katie</contributor><creatorcontrib>Gameon, Julie A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skewes, Monica C.</creatorcontrib><title>Historical Trauma and Substance Use Among American Indian People With Current Substance Use Problems</title><title>Psychology of addictive behaviors</title><addtitle>Psychol Addict Behav</addtitle><description>Objective: In the United States, American Indian and
Alaska Native (AI/AN) people suffer health inequities associated with alcohol and other drug use and also experience historical trauma symptoms resulting from colonization. Research suggests that historical trauma may be associated with substance use among AI/ANs. Method: As part of a Community-Based Participatory Research project with tribal partners from a rural AI reservation, our team collected cross-sectional survey data from 198 tribal members who self-identified as having substance use problems. We examined associations between historical trauma thoughts, historical trauma symptoms, and substance use outcomes. We also examined historical trauma symptoms, current trauma symptoms, awareness of systemic discrimination, and ethnic identity as moderators of the associations between historical trauma thoughts and substance use variables. Results: Historical trauma thoughts, controlling for symptoms, were associated with greater abstinent days, fewer heavy alcohol use days, fewer drinks per drinking day, and fewer drug use days; historical trauma symptoms, controlling for thoughts, were associated only with fewer abstinent days. Moderation analyses showed that historical trauma thoughts were associated with better substance use outcomes when historical trauma symptoms were low, current trauma symptoms were low, awareness of systemic discrimination was high, and ethnic identity was high. Conclusion: When distressing trauma symptoms are low, historical trauma thoughts may act as a protective factor or as a marker for other factors associated with better substance use outcomes.
Public Health Significance
This study reports findings from a community-based participatory research project with a sample of reservation-dwelling American Indian adults with current substance use problems. Findings indicate that thoughts about historically traumatic events are associated with better substance use outcomes when trauma symptoms are low, awareness of systemic discrimination is high, and ethnic identity is high. This study highlights the importance of examining historical trauma thoughts and associated symptoms in health research with American Indians.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alaska Natives</subject><subject>Alaska Natives - psychology</subject><subject>Alaska Natives - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>American Indian or Alaska Native - psychology</subject><subject>American Indian or Alaska Native - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>American Indians</subject><subject>Awareness</subject><subject>Colonization</subject><subject>Community based action research</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Discrimination</subject><subject>Drinks</subject><subject>Drug Abstinence</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug Usage</subject><subject>Ethnic Identity</subject><subject>Ethnicity - psychology</subject><subject>Ethnicity - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health disparities</subject><subject>Historical Trauma - psychology</subject><subject>History</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illegitimacy</subject><subject>Indigenous peoples</subject><subject>Inheritances</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memorial Day</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Moderation</subject><subject>Moderators</subject><subject>Nostalgia</subject><subject>Participatory research</subject><subject>Psychological trauma</subject><subject>Race and Ethnic Discrimination</subject><subject>Substance abuse</subject><subject>Substance Use Disorder</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - ethnology</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>Teams</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0893-164X</issn><issn>1939-1501</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1r1UAQhhdR7LF64w-QgHeV6OxsPnZvhHLQtlCwYIveLZPNpE1JsnE3Efrv3cNp68eFczFzMc-8vMwrxGsJ7yWo-gO1DaSq0TwRG2mUyWUJ8qnYgDYql1Xx_UC8iPE2MQp09VwcKKXRaFltRHvax8WH3tGQXQZaR8poarOvaxMXmhxnV5Gz49FP16nzjpuys6nt07hgPw-cfeuXm2y7hsDT8s_dRfDNwGN8KZ51NER-dT8PxdXnT5fb0_z8y8nZ9vg8p6KGJUfSXV1y2VZaF-wQK-zQOFCt67RkqGTdOIUaWRtqQJbsGgkouSBAKqQ6FB_3uvPajNy65CjQYOfQjxTurKfe_r2Z-ht77X9aDbowZifw9l4g-B8rx8Xe-jVMybPFEstaFhrM_ykwNSKgTtTRnnLBxxi4e_Qhwe5ys79zS_CbP50_og9BJeDdHqCZ7BzvHIWldwNHt__8Tsyq0iqLplS_AIxDon8</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Gameon, Julie A.</creator><creator>Skewes, Monica C.</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Historical Trauma and Substance Use Among American Indian People With Current Substance Use Problems</title><author>Gameon, Julie A. ; Skewes, Monica C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a470t-2a8f75e5d6884ec2262f29c03dcf81e0617bc3282e89ab015ecb1021e4a02a413</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alaska Natives</topic><topic>Alaska Natives - psychology</topic><topic>Alaska Natives - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Alcohol use</topic><topic>American Indian or Alaska Native - psychology</topic><topic>American Indian or Alaska Native - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>American Indians</topic><topic>Awareness</topic><topic>Colonization</topic><topic>Community based action research</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Discrimination</topic><topic>Drinks</topic><topic>Drug Abstinence</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug Usage</topic><topic>Ethnic Identity</topic><topic>Ethnicity - psychology</topic><topic>Ethnicity - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health disparities</topic><topic>Historical Trauma - psychology</topic><topic>History</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illegitimacy</topic><topic>Indigenous peoples</topic><topic>Inheritances</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memorial Day</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Moderation</topic><topic>Moderators</topic><topic>Nostalgia</topic><topic>Participatory research</topic><topic>Psychological trauma</topic><topic>Race and Ethnic Discrimination</topic><topic>Substance abuse</topic><topic>Substance Use Disorder</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - ethnology</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>Teams</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gameon, Julie A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skewes, Monica C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Psychology of addictive behaviors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gameon, Julie A.</au><au>Skewes, Monica C.</au><au>Witkiewitz, Katie</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Historical Trauma and Substance Use Among American Indian People With Current Substance Use Problems</atitle><jtitle>Psychology of addictive behaviors</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Addict Behav</addtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>295</spage><epage>309</epage><pages>295-309</pages><issn>0893-164X</issn><eissn>1939-1501</eissn><abstract>Objective: In the United States, American Indian and
Alaska Native (AI/AN) people suffer health inequities associated with alcohol and other drug use and also experience historical trauma symptoms resulting from colonization. Research suggests that historical trauma may be associated with substance use among AI/ANs. Method: As part of a Community-Based Participatory Research project with tribal partners from a rural AI reservation, our team collected cross-sectional survey data from 198 tribal members who self-identified as having substance use problems. We examined associations between historical trauma thoughts, historical trauma symptoms, and substance use outcomes. We also examined historical trauma symptoms, current trauma symptoms, awareness of systemic discrimination, and ethnic identity as moderators of the associations between historical trauma thoughts and substance use variables. Results: Historical trauma thoughts, controlling for symptoms, were associated with greater abstinent days, fewer heavy alcohol use days, fewer drinks per drinking day, and fewer drug use days; historical trauma symptoms, controlling for thoughts, were associated only with fewer abstinent days. Moderation analyses showed that historical trauma thoughts were associated with better substance use outcomes when historical trauma symptoms were low, current trauma symptoms were low, awareness of systemic discrimination was high, and ethnic identity was high. Conclusion: When distressing trauma symptoms are low, historical trauma thoughts may act as a protective factor or as a marker for other factors associated with better substance use outcomes.
Public Health Significance
This study reports findings from a community-based participatory research project with a sample of reservation-dwelling American Indian adults with current substance use problems. Findings indicate that thoughts about historically traumatic events are associated with better substance use outcomes when trauma symptoms are low, awareness of systemic discrimination is high, and ethnic identity is high. This study highlights the importance of examining historical trauma thoughts and associated symptoms in health research with American Indians.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>33829816</pmid><doi>10.1037/adb0000729</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0893-164X |
| ispartof | Psychology of addictive behaviors, 2021-05, Vol.35 (3), p.295-309 |
| issn | 0893-164X 1939-1501 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Alaska Natives Alaska Natives - psychology Alaska Natives - statistics & numerical data Alcohol use American Indian or Alaska Native - psychology American Indian or Alaska Native - statistics & numerical data American Indians Awareness Colonization Community based action research Cross-Sectional Studies Discrimination Drinks Drug Abstinence Drug abuse Drug Usage Ethnic Identity Ethnicity - psychology Ethnicity - statistics & numerical data Female Health disparities Historical Trauma - psychology History Human Humans Illegitimacy Indigenous peoples Inheritances Male Memorial Day Middle Aged Moderation Moderators Nostalgia Participatory research Psychological trauma Race and Ethnic Discrimination Substance abuse Substance Use Disorder Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders - ethnology Substance-Related Disorders - psychology Symptoms Teams Trauma United States Young Adult |
| title | Historical Trauma and Substance Use Among American Indian People With Current Substance Use Problems |
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