Adverse Childhood Experiences, Racial Microaggressions, and Alcohol Misuse in Black and White Emerging Adults
Objective: Research indicates that emerging adults (EAs) are at an increased risk for heavy drinking and its associated alcohol problems, and that both proximal and distal stressors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and subtle racial discrimination [racial microaggressions]) may contribut...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychology of addictive behaviors 2021-05, Vol.35 (3), p.274-282 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 282 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 274 |
| container_title | Psychology of addictive behaviors |
| container_volume | 35 |
| creator | Marks, Laura Reid Acuff, Samuel F. Withers, Alton J. MacKillop, James Murphy, James G. |
| description | Objective:
Research indicates that emerging adults (EAs) are at an increased risk for heavy drinking and its associated alcohol problems, and that both proximal and distal stressors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and subtle racial discrimination [racial microaggressions]) may contribute to these high-risk outcomes. We investigated the relationship of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in a sample of Black and White EAs, and racial microaggressions with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in the Black EAs in our sample.
Method:
Six hundred two EAs (41.5% Black, 47% White; 57.3% women) completed measures assessing ACEs, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems. One hundred ninety-six Black EAs in the sample were also asked to complete a measure of racial microaggressions that assessed their level of distress related to these experiences.
Results:
Regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. Sex moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the positive relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was minimally stronger for females. College status moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was stronger for college students than non-college students. Racial microaggressions were positively associated with alcohol problems, but not alcohol consumption.
Conclusion:
Findings underscore the importance of childhood stressors with alcohol consumption and problems for EAs, and the need for additional research on racial microaggressions and alcohol problems in Black EAs.
Public Health Significance Statement
This study indicates that ACEs are associated with alcohol consumption and problems in emerging adults (EAs), and that sex and college status moderated the relationships of ACEs with alcohol consumptions. Furthermore, racial microaggressions are a risk factor for alcohol problems among Black EAs who consume alcohol. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/adb0000597 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8084861</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2502848858</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a470t-315d5c70698366f37e32635e7ee690c625a52d921ee1e42b55f7f5cf90bc03893</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtv1DAUhS1ERYfChh-AIrGpoAE7N7aTDdJ0NDykIiQEgp3lcW4SFycOdlLRf4-HKeWxwJu7OJ_O9bmHkEeMPmcU5Avd7Gh6vJZ3yIrVUOeMU3aXrGhVQ85E-eWY3I_xMjFAK3GPHANIKGUlVmRYN1cYImab3rqm977Jtt8nDBZHg_Es-6CN1S57Z03wuusCxmj9mAQ9NtnaGd_7vRqXZGHH7Nxp8_Wn9rm3M2bbAUNnxy5bN4ub4wNy1GoX8eHNPCGfXm0_bt7kF-9fv92sL3JdSjrnwHjDjaSirkCIFiRCIYCjRBQ1NaLgmhdNXTBEhmWx47yVLTdtTXeGQgp9Ql4efKdlN2BjcJyDdmoKdtDhWnlt1d_KaHvV-StV0aqsBEsGpzcGwX9bMM5qsNGgc3pEv0RVcAplyWnJE_rkH_TSL2FM8RJVcMmACfg_RYu0teJVop4eqHTtGAO2t19mVO27Vr-7TvDjP0Peor_KTcCzA6AnraZ4bXSYrXEYzRJCCr43U8AVqEKW8AOikLL-</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2502848858</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Adverse Childhood Experiences, Racial Microaggressions, and Alcohol Misuse in Black and White Emerging Adults</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES</source><creator>Marks, Laura Reid ; Acuff, Samuel F. ; Withers, Alton J. ; MacKillop, James ; Murphy, James G.</creator><contributor>Witkiewitz, Katie</contributor><creatorcontrib>Marks, Laura Reid ; Acuff, Samuel F. ; Withers, Alton J. ; MacKillop, James ; Murphy, James G. ; Witkiewitz, Katie</creatorcontrib><description>Objective:
Research indicates that emerging adults (EAs) are at an increased risk for heavy drinking and its associated alcohol problems, and that both proximal and distal stressors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and subtle racial discrimination [racial microaggressions]) may contribute to these high-risk outcomes. We investigated the relationship of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in a sample of Black and White EAs, and racial microaggressions with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in the Black EAs in our sample.
Method:
Six hundred two EAs (41.5% Black, 47% White; 57.3% women) completed measures assessing ACEs, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems. One hundred ninety-six Black EAs in the sample were also asked to complete a measure of racial microaggressions that assessed their level of distress related to these experiences.
Results:
Regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. Sex moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the positive relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was minimally stronger for females. College status moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was stronger for college students than non-college students. Racial microaggressions were positively associated with alcohol problems, but not alcohol consumption.
Conclusion:
Findings underscore the importance of childhood stressors with alcohol consumption and problems for EAs, and the need for additional research on racial microaggressions and alcohol problems in Black EAs.
Public Health Significance Statement
This study indicates that ACEs are associated with alcohol consumption and problems in emerging adults (EAs), and that sex and college status moderated the relationships of ACEs with alcohol consumptions. Furthermore, racial microaggressions are a risk factor for alcohol problems among Black EAs who consume alcohol.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0893-164X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1501</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/adb0000597</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33734786</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adverse childhood experiences ; Adverse Childhood Experiences - psychology ; Adverse Childhood Experiences - statistics & numerical data ; Alcohol ; Alcohol Abuse ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking - psychology ; Alcohol Use ; Alcohol-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Alcohol-Related Disorders - psychology ; Alcoholism - epidemiology ; Alcoholism - psychology ; Black People ; Black white relations ; Blacks - psychology ; Blacks - statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child abuse & neglect ; Childhood Adversity ; Childhood experiences ; Childhood factors ; College students ; Consumption ; Drinking behavior ; Educational Status ; Emerging Adulthood ; Female ; High risk ; Human ; Humans ; Male ; Microaggression ; Microaggressions ; Psychological distress ; Racial discrimination ; Racial Microaggression ; Racism - psychology ; Racism - statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Stress ; Students - psychology ; Students - statistics & numerical data ; Underage Drinking ; Universities ; White People ; Whites - psychology ; Whites - statistics & numerical data ; Women ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>Psychology of addictive behaviors, 2021-05, Vol.35 (3), p.274-282</ispartof><rights>2021 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2021, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association May 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a470t-315d5c70698366f37e32635e7ee690c625a52d921ee1e42b55f7f5cf90bc03893</citedby><orcidid>0000-0001-6267-7760 ; 0000-0002-8695-1071 ; 0000-0002-1934-2639</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,30976,33751</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33734786$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Witkiewitz, Katie</contributor><creatorcontrib>Marks, Laura Reid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acuff, Samuel F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Withers, Alton J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacKillop, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, James G.</creatorcontrib><title>Adverse Childhood Experiences, Racial Microaggressions, and Alcohol Misuse in Black and White Emerging Adults</title><title>Psychology of addictive behaviors</title><addtitle>Psychol Addict Behav</addtitle><description>Objective:
Research indicates that emerging adults (EAs) are at an increased risk for heavy drinking and its associated alcohol problems, and that both proximal and distal stressors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and subtle racial discrimination [racial microaggressions]) may contribute to these high-risk outcomes. We investigated the relationship of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in a sample of Black and White EAs, and racial microaggressions with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in the Black EAs in our sample.
Method:
Six hundred two EAs (41.5% Black, 47% White; 57.3% women) completed measures assessing ACEs, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems. One hundred ninety-six Black EAs in the sample were also asked to complete a measure of racial microaggressions that assessed their level of distress related to these experiences.
Results:
Regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. Sex moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the positive relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was minimally stronger for females. College status moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was stronger for college students than non-college students. Racial microaggressions were positively associated with alcohol problems, but not alcohol consumption.
Conclusion:
Findings underscore the importance of childhood stressors with alcohol consumption and problems for EAs, and the need for additional research on racial microaggressions and alcohol problems in Black EAs.
Public Health Significance Statement
This study indicates that ACEs are associated with alcohol consumption and problems in emerging adults (EAs), and that sex and college status moderated the relationships of ACEs with alcohol consumptions. Furthermore, racial microaggressions are a risk factor for alcohol problems among Black EAs who consume alcohol.</description><subject>Adverse childhood experiences</subject><subject>Adverse Childhood Experiences - psychology</subject><subject>Adverse Childhood Experiences - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcohol Abuse</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - psychology</subject><subject>Alcohol Use</subject><subject>Alcohol-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alcohol-Related Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Alcoholism - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alcoholism - psychology</subject><subject>Black People</subject><subject>Black white relations</subject><subject>Blacks - psychology</subject><subject>Blacks - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child abuse & neglect</subject><subject>Childhood Adversity</subject><subject>Childhood experiences</subject><subject>Childhood factors</subject><subject>College students</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Drinking behavior</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Emerging Adulthood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>High risk</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microaggression</subject><subject>Microaggressions</subject><subject>Psychological distress</subject><subject>Racial discrimination</subject><subject>Racial Microaggression</subject><subject>Racism - psychology</subject><subject>Racism - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Students - psychology</subject><subject>Students - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Underage Drinking</subject><subject>Universities</subject><subject>White People</subject><subject>Whites - psychology</subject><subject>Whites - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0893-164X</issn><issn>1939-1501</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtv1DAUhS1ERYfChh-AIrGpoAE7N7aTDdJ0NDykIiQEgp3lcW4SFycOdlLRf4-HKeWxwJu7OJ_O9bmHkEeMPmcU5Avd7Gh6vJZ3yIrVUOeMU3aXrGhVQ85E-eWY3I_xMjFAK3GPHANIKGUlVmRYN1cYImab3rqm977Jtt8nDBZHg_Es-6CN1S57Z03wuusCxmj9mAQ9NtnaGd_7vRqXZGHH7Nxp8_Wn9rm3M2bbAUNnxy5bN4ub4wNy1GoX8eHNPCGfXm0_bt7kF-9fv92sL3JdSjrnwHjDjaSirkCIFiRCIYCjRBQ1NaLgmhdNXTBEhmWx47yVLTdtTXeGQgp9Ql4efKdlN2BjcJyDdmoKdtDhWnlt1d_KaHvV-StV0aqsBEsGpzcGwX9bMM5qsNGgc3pEv0RVcAplyWnJE_rkH_TSL2FM8RJVcMmACfg_RYu0teJVop4eqHTtGAO2t19mVO27Vr-7TvDjP0Peor_KTcCzA6AnraZ4bXSYrXEYzRJCCr43U8AVqEKW8AOikLL-</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Marks, Laura Reid</creator><creator>Acuff, Samuel F.</creator><creator>Withers, Alton J.</creator><creator>MacKillop, James</creator><creator>Murphy, James G.</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-7760</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-1071</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-2639</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Adverse Childhood Experiences, Racial Microaggressions, and Alcohol Misuse in Black and White Emerging Adults</title><author>Marks, Laura Reid ; Acuff, Samuel F. ; Withers, Alton J. ; MacKillop, James ; Murphy, James G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a470t-315d5c70698366f37e32635e7ee690c625a52d921ee1e42b55f7f5cf90bc03893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adverse childhood experiences</topic><topic>Adverse Childhood Experiences - psychology</topic><topic>Adverse Childhood Experiences - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Alcohol Abuse</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - psychology</topic><topic>Alcohol Use</topic><topic>Alcohol-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Alcohol-Related Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Alcoholism - epidemiology</topic><topic>Alcoholism - psychology</topic><topic>Black People</topic><topic>Black white relations</topic><topic>Blacks - psychology</topic><topic>Blacks - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child abuse & neglect</topic><topic>Childhood Adversity</topic><topic>Childhood experiences</topic><topic>Childhood factors</topic><topic>College students</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Drinking behavior</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Emerging Adulthood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>High risk</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microaggression</topic><topic>Microaggressions</topic><topic>Psychological distress</topic><topic>Racial discrimination</topic><topic>Racial Microaggression</topic><topic>Racism - psychology</topic><topic>Racism - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Students - psychology</topic><topic>Students - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Underage Drinking</topic><topic>Universities</topic><topic>White People</topic><topic>Whites - psychology</topic><topic>Whites - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marks, Laura Reid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acuff, Samuel F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Withers, Alton J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacKillop, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, James G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Psychology of addictive behaviors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marks, Laura Reid</au><au>Acuff, Samuel F.</au><au>Withers, Alton J.</au><au>MacKillop, James</au><au>Murphy, James G.</au><au>Witkiewitz, Katie</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Adverse Childhood Experiences, Racial Microaggressions, and Alcohol Misuse in Black and White Emerging Adults</atitle><jtitle>Psychology of addictive behaviors</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Addict Behav</addtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>274</spage><epage>282</epage><pages>274-282</pages><issn>0893-164X</issn><eissn>1939-1501</eissn><abstract>Objective:
Research indicates that emerging adults (EAs) are at an increased risk for heavy drinking and its associated alcohol problems, and that both proximal and distal stressors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], and subtle racial discrimination [racial microaggressions]) may contribute to these high-risk outcomes. We investigated the relationship of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in a sample of Black and White EAs, and racial microaggressions with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems in the Black EAs in our sample.
Method:
Six hundred two EAs (41.5% Black, 47% White; 57.3% women) completed measures assessing ACEs, alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems. One hundred ninety-six Black EAs in the sample were also asked to complete a measure of racial microaggressions that assessed their level of distress related to these experiences.
Results:
Regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of ACEs with alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. Sex moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the positive relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was minimally stronger for females. College status moderated the relation of ACEs with alcohol consumption such that the relationship between ACEs and alcohol consumption was stronger for college students than non-college students. Racial microaggressions were positively associated with alcohol problems, but not alcohol consumption.
Conclusion:
Findings underscore the importance of childhood stressors with alcohol consumption and problems for EAs, and the need for additional research on racial microaggressions and alcohol problems in Black EAs.
Public Health Significance Statement
This study indicates that ACEs are associated with alcohol consumption and problems in emerging adults (EAs), and that sex and college status moderated the relationships of ACEs with alcohol consumptions. Furthermore, racial microaggressions are a risk factor for alcohol problems among Black EAs who consume alcohol.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>33734786</pmid><doi>10.1037/adb0000597</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-7760</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-1071</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-2639</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0893-164X |
| ispartof | Psychology of addictive behaviors, 2021-05, Vol.35 (3), p.274-282 |
| issn | 0893-164X 1939-1501 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8084861 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Sociological Abstracts; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES |
| subjects | Adverse childhood experiences Adverse Childhood Experiences - psychology Adverse Childhood Experiences - statistics & numerical data Alcohol Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Alcohol Drinking - psychology Alcohol Use Alcohol-Related Disorders - epidemiology Alcohol-Related Disorders - psychology Alcoholism - epidemiology Alcoholism - psychology Black People Black white relations Blacks - psychology Blacks - statistics & numerical data Child Child abuse & neglect Childhood Adversity Childhood experiences Childhood factors College students Consumption Drinking behavior Educational Status Emerging Adulthood Female High risk Human Humans Male Microaggression Microaggressions Psychological distress Racial discrimination Racial Microaggression Racism - psychology Racism - statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Stress Students - psychology Students - statistics & numerical data Underage Drinking Universities White People Whites - psychology Whites - statistics & numerical data Women Young Adult |
| title | Adverse Childhood Experiences, Racial Microaggressions, and Alcohol Misuse in Black and White Emerging Adults |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-03T13%3A03%3A51IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adverse%20Childhood%20Experiences,%20Racial%20Microaggressions,%20and%20Alcohol%20Misuse%20in%20Black%20and%20White%20Emerging%20Adults&rft.jtitle=Psychology%20of%20addictive%20behaviors&rft.au=Marks,%20Laura%20Reid&rft.date=2021-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=274&rft.epage=282&rft.pages=274-282&rft.issn=0893-164X&rft.eissn=1939-1501&rft_id=info:doi/10.1037/adb0000597&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2502848858%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2502848858&rft_id=info:pmid/33734786&rfr_iscdi=true |