Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion and occupational exposure of employees at a Swiss university hospital: A large longitudinal cohort study
The dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seroconversion of hospital employees are understudied. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and evaluated risk factors for seroconversion during the first pandemic wave. In this prospective cohort study, we recruited Geneva Univers...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Infection control and hospital epidemiology 2022-03, Vol.43 (3), p.326-333 |
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| creator | Martischang, Romain Iten, Anne Arm, Isabelle Abbas, Mohamed Meyer, Benjamin Yerly, Sabine Eckerle, Isabella Pralong, Jacques Sauser, Julien Suard, Jean-Claude Kaiser, Laurent Pittet, Didier Harbarth, Stephan |
| description | The dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seroconversion of hospital employees are understudied. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and evaluated risk factors for seroconversion during the first pandemic wave.
In this prospective cohort study, we recruited Geneva University Hospitals employees and sampled them 3 times, every 3 weeks from March 30 to June 12, 2020. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and determined prevalence ratios of risk factors for seroconversion using multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression models.
Overall, 3,421 participants (29% of all employees) were included, with 92% follow-up. The proportion of seroconverted employees increased from 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-5.1%) at baseline to 8.5% [(95% CI, 7.6%-9.5%) at the last visit. The proportions of seroconverted employees working in COVID-19 geriatrics and rehabilitation (G&R) wards (32.3%) and non-COVID-19 G&R wards (12.3%) were higher compared to office workers (4.9%) at the last visit. Only nursing assistants had a significantly higher risk of seroconversion compared to office workers (11.7% vs 4.9%; P = .006). Significant risk factors for seroconversion included the use of public transportation (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.25-2.03), known community exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (2.80; 95% CI, 2.22-3.54), working in a ward with a nosocomial COVID outbreak (2.93; 95% CI, 2.27-3.79), and working in a COVID-19 G&R ward (3.47; 95% CI, 2.45-4.91) or a non-COVID-19 G&R ward (1.96; 95% CI, 1.46-2.63). We observed an association between reported use of respirators and lower risk of seroconversion (0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96).
Additional preventive measures should be implemented to protect employees in G&R wards. Randomized trials on the protective effect of respirators are urgently needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/ice.2021.117 |
| format | Article |
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In this prospective cohort study, we recruited Geneva University Hospitals employees and sampled them 3 times, every 3 weeks from March 30 to June 12, 2020. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and determined prevalence ratios of risk factors for seroconversion using multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression models.
Overall, 3,421 participants (29% of all employees) were included, with 92% follow-up. The proportion of seroconverted employees increased from 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-5.1%) at baseline to 8.5% [(95% CI, 7.6%-9.5%) at the last visit. The proportions of seroconverted employees working in COVID-19 geriatrics and rehabilitation (G&R) wards (32.3%) and non-COVID-19 G&R wards (12.3%) were higher compared to office workers (4.9%) at the last visit. Only nursing assistants had a significantly higher risk of seroconversion compared to office workers (11.7% vs 4.9%; P = .006). Significant risk factors for seroconversion included the use of public transportation (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.25-2.03), known community exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (2.80; 95% CI, 2.22-3.54), working in a ward with a nosocomial COVID outbreak (2.93; 95% CI, 2.27-3.79), and working in a COVID-19 G&R ward (3.47; 95% CI, 2.45-4.91) or a non-COVID-19 G&R ward (1.96; 95% CI, 1.46-2.63). We observed an association between reported use of respirators and lower risk of seroconversion (0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96).
Additional preventive measures should be implemented to protect employees in G&R wards. Randomized trials on the protective effect of respirators are urgently needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0899-823X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-6834</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.117</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33736734</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Asymptomatic ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; Disease transmission ; Employees ; Epidemics ; Geriatrics ; Gynecology ; Hospitals ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Infections ; Intensive care ; Internal medicine ; Longitudinal Studies ; Masks ; Nosocomial infection ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Oncology ; Original ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Pediatrics ; Personnel, Hospital ; Prospective Studies ; Protective equipment ; Public transportation ; Rehabilitation ; Respirators ; Risk factors ; Sample size ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroconversion ; Serology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Switzerland</subject><ispartof>Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2022-03, Vol.43 (3), p.326-333</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2021 2021 The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-443acf32d26182d273932af6e8ce5ad7f73ad3b8ee8a8456a0bb97fcb1b0a1693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-443acf32d26182d273932af6e8ce5ad7f73ad3b8ee8a8456a0bb97fcb1b0a1693</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5071-0893</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2758515758/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2758515758?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,21387,21388,23255,27923,27924,33529,33702,33743,43658,43786,43804,64384,64388,72240,73875,74054,74073</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33736734$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martischang, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iten, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arm, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yerly, Sabine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckerle, Isabella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pralong, Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauser, Julien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suard, Jean-Claude</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pittet, Didier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harbarth, Stephan</creatorcontrib><title>Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion and occupational exposure of employees at a Swiss university hospital: A large longitudinal cohort study</title><title>Infection control and hospital epidemiology</title><addtitle>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol</addtitle><description>The dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seroconversion of hospital employees are understudied. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and evaluated risk factors for seroconversion during the first pandemic wave.
In this prospective cohort study, we recruited Geneva University Hospitals employees and sampled them 3 times, every 3 weeks from March 30 to June 12, 2020. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and determined prevalence ratios of risk factors for seroconversion using multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression models.
Overall, 3,421 participants (29% of all employees) were included, with 92% follow-up. The proportion of seroconverted employees increased from 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-5.1%) at baseline to 8.5% [(95% CI, 7.6%-9.5%) at the last visit. The proportions of seroconverted employees working in COVID-19 geriatrics and rehabilitation (G&R) wards (32.3%) and non-COVID-19 G&R wards (12.3%) were higher compared to office workers (4.9%) at the last visit. Only nursing assistants had a significantly higher risk of seroconversion compared to office workers (11.7% vs 4.9%; P = .006). Significant risk factors for seroconversion included the use of public transportation (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.25-2.03), known community exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (2.80; 95% CI, 2.22-3.54), working in a ward with a nosocomial COVID outbreak (2.93; 95% CI, 2.27-3.79), and working in a COVID-19 G&R ward (3.47; 95% CI, 2.45-4.91) or a non-COVID-19 G&R ward (1.96; 95% CI, 1.46-2.63). We observed an association between reported use of respirators and lower risk of seroconversion (0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96).
Additional preventive measures should be implemented to protect employees in G&R wards. Randomized trials on the protective effect of respirators are urgently needed.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Asymptomatic</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Employees</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Hospitals, University</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Internal medicine</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Masks</subject><subject>Nosocomial infection</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Personnel, Hospital</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Protective equipment</subject><subject>Public transportation</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Respirators</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Seroconversion</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Switzerland</subject><issn>0899-823X</issn><issn>1559-6834</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkV-L1DAUxYMo7uzom88S8EXBjknTNqkPwjD4DxYER8W3cJvezmTpNDVJx-3H8huacdZFX0645NxzEn6EPOFsxRmXr6zBVc5yvuJc3iMLXpZ1VilR3CcLpuo6U7n4fkEuQ7hmjMm65g_JhRBSVFIUC_Jri0f0SMFMEanHMFoP0fmZGufdAEfrp0DPmtPn2_XnbbZx37L8BQ3onXFDWg_WDRSGljpjphFiGqGneDO6MKVs11E8jL2bEQOFSIFuf9oQ6DTYP8txpnuXiiP0r-ma9uB3SHs37GycWnuKMm7vfKQhzfMj8qCDPuDj23NJvr57-2XzIbv69P7jZn2VmUKqmBWFANOJvM0rrpJKUYscugqVwRJa2UkBrWgUogJVlBWwpqllZxreMOBVLZbkzTl3nJoDtgaH6KHXo7cH8LN2YPX_N4Pd6507asVUzlPfkjy7DfDux4Qh6ms3-fSdoHNZqpKXSZPr5dllvAvBY3fXwJk-AdYJsD4B1glwsj_991V35r9ExW-Nrqc0</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Martischang, Romain</creator><creator>Iten, Anne</creator><creator>Arm, Isabelle</creator><creator>Abbas, Mohamed</creator><creator>Meyer, Benjamin</creator><creator>Yerly, Sabine</creator><creator>Eckerle, Isabella</creator><creator>Pralong, Jacques</creator><creator>Sauser, Julien</creator><creator>Suard, Jean-Claude</creator><creator>Kaiser, Laurent</creator><creator>Pittet, Didier</creator><creator>Harbarth, Stephan</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-0893</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion and occupational exposure of employees at a Swiss university hospital: A large longitudinal cohort study</title><author>Martischang, Romain ; Iten, Anne ; Arm, Isabelle ; Abbas, Mohamed ; Meyer, Benjamin ; Yerly, Sabine ; Eckerle, Isabella ; Pralong, Jacques ; Sauser, Julien ; Suard, Jean-Claude ; Kaiser, Laurent ; Pittet, Didier ; Harbarth, Stephan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-443acf32d26182d273932af6e8ce5ad7f73ad3b8ee8a8456a0bb97fcb1b0a1693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Asymptomatic</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Employees</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Hospitals, University</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Intensive care</topic><topic>Internal medicine</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Masks</topic><topic>Nosocomial infection</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Personnel, Hospital</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Protective equipment</topic><topic>Public transportation</topic><topic>Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Respirators</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Seroconversion</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Switzerland</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martischang, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iten, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arm, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yerly, Sabine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckerle, Isabella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pralong, Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauser, Julien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suard, Jean-Claude</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pittet, Didier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harbarth, Stephan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Infection control and hospital epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martischang, Romain</au><au>Iten, Anne</au><au>Arm, Isabelle</au><au>Abbas, Mohamed</au><au>Meyer, Benjamin</au><au>Yerly, Sabine</au><au>Eckerle, Isabella</au><au>Pralong, Jacques</au><au>Sauser, Julien</au><au>Suard, Jean-Claude</au><au>Kaiser, Laurent</au><au>Pittet, Didier</au><au>Harbarth, Stephan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion and occupational exposure of employees at a Swiss university hospital: A large longitudinal cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Infection control and hospital epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>326</spage><epage>333</epage><pages>326-333</pages><issn>0899-823X</issn><eissn>1559-6834</eissn><abstract>The dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seroconversion of hospital employees are understudied. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and evaluated risk factors for seroconversion during the first pandemic wave.
In this prospective cohort study, we recruited Geneva University Hospitals employees and sampled them 3 times, every 3 weeks from March 30 to June 12, 2020. We measured the proportion of seroconverted employees and determined prevalence ratios of risk factors for seroconversion using multivariate mixed-effects Poisson regression models.
Overall, 3,421 participants (29% of all employees) were included, with 92% follow-up. The proportion of seroconverted employees increased from 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-5.1%) at baseline to 8.5% [(95% CI, 7.6%-9.5%) at the last visit. The proportions of seroconverted employees working in COVID-19 geriatrics and rehabilitation (G&R) wards (32.3%) and non-COVID-19 G&R wards (12.3%) were higher compared to office workers (4.9%) at the last visit. Only nursing assistants had a significantly higher risk of seroconversion compared to office workers (11.7% vs 4.9%; P = .006). Significant risk factors for seroconversion included the use of public transportation (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.25-2.03), known community exposure to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (2.80; 95% CI, 2.22-3.54), working in a ward with a nosocomial COVID outbreak (2.93; 95% CI, 2.27-3.79), and working in a COVID-19 G&R ward (3.47; 95% CI, 2.45-4.91) or a non-COVID-19 G&R ward (1.96; 95% CI, 1.46-2.63). We observed an association between reported use of respirators and lower risk of seroconversion (0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96).
Additional preventive measures should be implemented to protect employees in G&R wards. Randomized trials on the protective effect of respirators are urgently needed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>33736734</pmid><doi>10.1017/ice.2021.117</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-0893</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2022-03, Vol.43 (3), p.326-333 |
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| subjects | Aerosols Asymptomatic Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Disease transmission Employees Epidemics Geriatrics Gynecology Hospitals Hospitals, University Humans Infections Intensive care Internal medicine Longitudinal Studies Masks Nosocomial infection Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Oncology Original Pandemics Patients Pediatrics Personnel, Hospital Prospective Studies Protective equipment Public transportation Rehabilitation Respirators Risk factors Sample size SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion Serology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Switzerland |
| title | Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion and occupational exposure of employees at a Swiss university hospital: A large longitudinal cohort study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-12T03%3A03%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Severe%20acute%20respiratory%20coronavirus%20virus%202%20(SARS-CoV-2)%20seroconversion%20and%20occupational%20exposure%20of%20employees%20at%20a%20Swiss%20university%20hospital:%20A%20large%20longitudinal%20cohort%20study&rft.jtitle=Infection%20control%20and%20hospital%20epidemiology&rft.au=Martischang,%20Romain&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=326&rft.epage=333&rft.pages=326-333&rft.issn=0899-823X&rft.eissn=1559-6834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/ice.2021.117&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2758515758%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2758515758&rft_id=info:pmid/33736734&rfr_iscdi=true |