Metagenomics Assessment of Soil Fertilization on the Chemotaxis and Disease Suppressive Genes Abundance in the Maize Rhizosphere
Soil fertility is a function of the level of organic and inorganic substances present in the soil, and it influences the activities of soil-borne microbes, plant growth performance and a host of other beneficial ecological functions. In this metagenomics study, we evaluated the response of maize mic...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Genes 2021-04, Vol.12 (4), p.535 |
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description | Soil fertility is a function of the level of organic and inorganic substances present in the soil, and it influences the activities of soil-borne microbes, plant growth performance and a host of other beneficial ecological functions. In this metagenomics study, we evaluated the response of maize microbial functional gene diversity involved in chemotaxis, antibiotics, siderophores, and antifungals producing genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants under compost, inorganic fertilizer, and unfertilized conditions. The results show that fertilization treatments at higher compost manure and lower inorganic fertilizer doses as well as maize plants itself in the unfertilized soil through rhizosphere effects share similar influences on the abundance of chemotaxis, siderophores, antifungal, and antibiotics synthesizing genes present in the samples, while higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treatments significantly repress these genes. The implication is for a disease suppressive soil to be achieved, soil fertilization with high doses of compost manure fertilizer treatments as well as lower inorganic fertilizer should be used to enrich soil fertility and boost the abundance of chemotaxis and disease suppressive genes. Maize crops also should be planted sole or intercropped with other crops to enhance the rhizosphere effect of these plants in promoting the expression and abundance of these beneficial genes in the soil. |
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In this metagenomics study, we evaluated the response of maize microbial functional gene diversity involved in chemotaxis, antibiotics, siderophores, and antifungals producing genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants under compost, inorganic fertilizer, and unfertilized conditions. The results show that fertilization treatments at higher compost manure and lower inorganic fertilizer doses as well as maize plants itself in the unfertilized soil through rhizosphere effects share similar influences on the abundance of chemotaxis, siderophores, antifungal, and antibiotics synthesizing genes present in the samples, while higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treatments significantly repress these genes. The implication is for a disease suppressive soil to be achieved, soil fertilization with high doses of compost manure fertilizer treatments as well as lower inorganic fertilizer should be used to enrich soil fertility and boost the abundance of chemotaxis and disease suppressive genes. Maize crops also should be planted sole or intercropped with other crops to enhance the rhizosphere effect of these plants in promoting the expression and abundance of these beneficial genes in the soil.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/genes12040535</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33917127</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Chemotaxis ; Crops ; Fertilization ; Fertilizers ; Genes ; Laboratories ; Manures ; Metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Nutrients ; Pathogens ; Principal components analysis ; Quality control ; Rhizosphere ; Siderophores ; Software ; Soil fertility ; Statistical analysis</subject><ispartof>Genes, 2021-04, Vol.12 (4), p.535</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The implication is for a disease suppressive soil to be achieved, soil fertilization with high doses of compost manure fertilizer treatments as well as lower inorganic fertilizer should be used to enrich soil fertility and boost the abundance of chemotaxis and disease suppressive genes. Maize crops also should be planted sole or intercropped with other crops to enhance the rhizosphere effect of these plants in promoting the expression and abundance of these beneficial genes in the soil.</description><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Chemotaxis</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Manures</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metagenomics</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Rhizosphere</subject><subject>Siderophores</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Soil fertility</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><issn>2073-4425</issn><issn>2073-4425</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1r3DAQxUVpaEKSY69F0EsvbvRpaS-FZdOkhYRC056FbI9iBVtyJTu0e-qfXi2bhKRCoAG9-c08HkJvKfnI-Yqc3UKATBkRRHL5Ch0xonglBJOvn9WH6DTnO1KOIIwQ-QYdlmaqKFNH6O81zLZg4ujbjNc5Q84jhBlHh2-iH_AFpNkPfmtnHwMud-4Bb3oY42x_-4xt6PC5z2Az4JtlmlIB-HvAl7vV8LpZQmdDC9jvO6-t3wL-3vttzFMPCU7QgbNDhtOH9xj9vPj8Y_Oluvp2-XWzvqpaQeVcKUGFs4rVWspOUdFRzp1mNbOkdatWNNI2pZaCrBxxquG8drrTNaiVBaclP0af9txpaUbo2uIx2cFMyY82_THRevPyJ_je3MZ7o0mtNKcF8OEBkOKvBfJsRp9bGAYbIC7ZMMmIlpqo3az3_0nv4pJCsVdUBaUJZaKoqr2qTTHnBO5pGUrMLl7zIt6if_fcwZP6MUz-D57Mos0</recordid><startdate>20210407</startdate><enddate>20210407</enddate><creator>Enebe, Matthew Chekwube</creator><creator>Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-8336</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210407</creationdate><title>Metagenomics Assessment of Soil Fertilization on the Chemotaxis and Disease Suppressive Genes Abundance in the Maize Rhizosphere</title><author>Enebe, Matthew Chekwube ; Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-7414fa726855d714d133f8262a0cf9c4b5ab2a05409f0f7b336f8d86e79aef853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Chemotaxis</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Fertilization</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Manures</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metagenomics</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Rhizosphere</topic><topic>Siderophores</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Soil fertility</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Enebe, Matthew Chekwube</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Genes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Enebe, Matthew Chekwube</au><au>Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Metagenomics Assessment of Soil Fertilization on the Chemotaxis and Disease Suppressive Genes Abundance in the Maize Rhizosphere</atitle><jtitle>Genes</jtitle><addtitle>Genes (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-04-07</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>535</spage><pages>535-</pages><issn>2073-4425</issn><eissn>2073-4425</eissn><abstract>Soil fertility is a function of the level of organic and inorganic substances present in the soil, and it influences the activities of soil-borne microbes, plant growth performance and a host of other beneficial ecological functions. 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subjects | Abundance Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Chemotaxis Crops Fertilization Fertilizers Genes Laboratories Manures Metabolism Metagenomics Nutrients Pathogens Principal components analysis Quality control Rhizosphere Siderophores Software Soil fertility Statistical analysis |
title | Metagenomics Assessment of Soil Fertilization on the Chemotaxis and Disease Suppressive Genes Abundance in the Maize Rhizosphere |
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