Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment
Novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it speedily expanded globally. Some medications which are used to treat other diseases seem to be effective in treating COVID-19 even without explicit support. The existing drugs that are summarized in this review primarily focu...
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| description | Novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it speedily expanded globally. Some medications which are used to treat other diseases seem to be effective in treating COVID-19 even without explicit support. The existing drugs that are summarized in this review primarily focused on therapeutic agents that possessed activity against other RNA viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a promising field in drug discovery that identifies new therapeutic opportunities for existing drugs such as corticosteroids, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, interferons, protease inhibitors, ivermectin, melatonin, teicoplanin, and some others. A search for new drug/drug targets is underway. Thus, blocking coronavirus structural protein, targeting viral enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and membrane fusion blocker (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and CD147 inhibitor) are major sites based on molecular targets for the management of COVID-19 infection. The possible impact of biologics for the management of COVID19 is promising and includes a wide variety of options such as cytokines, nucleic acid-based therapies targeting virus gene expression, bioengineered and vectored antibodies, and various types of vaccines. This review demonstrates that the available data are not sufficient to suggest any treatment for the eradication of COVID-19 to be used at the clinical level. This article aims to review the roles of existing drugs and drug targets for COVID-19 treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/6631721 |
| format | Article |
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Some medications which are used to treat other diseases seem to be effective in treating COVID-19 even without explicit support. The existing drugs that are summarized in this review primarily focused on therapeutic agents that possessed activity against other RNA viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a promising field in drug discovery that identifies new therapeutic opportunities for existing drugs such as corticosteroids, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, interferons, protease inhibitors, ivermectin, melatonin, teicoplanin, and some others. A search for new drug/drug targets is underway. Thus, blocking coronavirus structural protein, targeting viral enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and membrane fusion blocker (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and CD147 inhibitor) are major sites based on molecular targets for the management of COVID-19 infection. The possible impact of biologics for the management of COVID19 is promising and includes a wide variety of options such as cytokines, nucleic acid-based therapies targeting virus gene expression, bioengineered and vectored antibodies, and various types of vaccines. This review demonstrates that the available data are not sufficient to suggest any treatment for the eradication of COVID-19 to be used at the clinical level. This article aims to review the roles of existing drugs and drug targets for COVID-19 treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1687-9805</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1687-9813</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631721</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33953756</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Hindawi</publisher><subject>ACE2 ; Angiotensin ; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ; Antibodies ; Antiviral agents ; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use ; Bioengineering ; Biopharmaceuticals ; CD147 antigen ; Chemical compounds ; Clinical trials ; Coronaviridae ; Coronaviruses ; Corticoids ; Corticosteroids ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Cytokines ; Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV ; DNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Repositioning ; Drugs ; Enzymes ; Gene expression ; Genomes ; Health services ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Infections ; Influenza ; Interferon ; Ivermectin ; Melatonin ; Membrane fusion ; Middle East respiratory syndrome ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Nucleic acids ; Pandemics ; Peptidase ; Peptidases ; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A ; Pharmacology ; Pneumonia ; Protease inhibitors ; Proteases ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Review ; Reviews ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; RNA polymerase ; RNA viruses ; RNA-directed RNA polymerase ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Teicoplanin ; Therapeutic targets ; Vaccines ; Viral diseases ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental and public health, 2021, Vol.2021, p.6631721-11</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Zemene Demelash Kifle et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Zemene Demelash Kifle et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Zemene Demelash Kifle et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-ae38aa44d647e28a4549d1a924ecd1f7976b32037d68ea44e47d56f2d364bc453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-ae38aa44d647e28a4549d1a924ecd1f7976b32037d68ea44e47d56f2d364bc453</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0084-6992 ; 0000-0001-7030-2782</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063850/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063850/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,4024,27923,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33953756$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Broecker, Felix</contributor><contributor>Felix Broecker</contributor><creatorcontrib>Kifle, Zemene Demelash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ayele, Akeberegn Gorems</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enyew, Engidaw Fentahun</creatorcontrib><title>Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment</title><title>Journal of environmental and public health</title><addtitle>J Environ Public Health</addtitle><description>Novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it speedily expanded globally. Some medications which are used to treat other diseases seem to be effective in treating COVID-19 even without explicit support. The existing drugs that are summarized in this review primarily focused on therapeutic agents that possessed activity against other RNA viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a promising field in drug discovery that identifies new therapeutic opportunities for existing drugs such as corticosteroids, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, interferons, protease inhibitors, ivermectin, melatonin, teicoplanin, and some others. A search for new drug/drug targets is underway. Thus, blocking coronavirus structural protein, targeting viral enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and membrane fusion blocker (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and CD147 inhibitor) are major sites based on molecular targets for the management of COVID-19 infection. The possible impact of biologics for the management of COVID19 is promising and includes a wide variety of options such as cytokines, nucleic acid-based therapies targeting virus gene expression, bioengineered and vectored antibodies, and various types of vaccines. This review demonstrates that the available data are not sufficient to suggest any treatment for the eradication of COVID-19 to be used at the clinical level. This article aims to review the roles of existing drugs and drug targets for COVID-19 treatment.</description><subject>ACE2</subject><subject>Angiotensin</subject><subject>Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biopharmaceuticals</subject><subject>CD147 antigen</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Coronaviridae</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Corticoids</subject><subject>Corticosteroids</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 Drug Treatment</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV</subject><subject>DNA-directed RNA polymerase</subject><subject>Drug Discovery</subject><subject>Drug Repositioning</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Hepatitis C</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Ivermectin</subject><subject>Melatonin</subject><subject>Membrane fusion</subject><subject>Middle East respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Molecular Targeted Therapy</subject><subject>Nucleic acids</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Peptidase</subject><subject>Peptidases</subject><subject>Peptidyl-dipeptidase A</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Protease inhibitors</subject><subject>Proteases</subject><subject>Proteinase inhibitors</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA polymerase</subject><subject>RNA 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Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment</title><author>Kifle, Zemene Demelash ; Ayele, Akeberegn Gorems ; Enyew, Engidaw Fentahun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-ae38aa44d647e28a4549d1a924ecd1f7976b32037d68ea44e47d56f2d364bc453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>ACE2</topic><topic>Angiotensin</topic><topic>Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Bioengineering</topic><topic>Biopharmaceuticals</topic><topic>CD147 antigen</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Coronaviridae</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>Corticoids</topic><topic>Corticosteroids</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 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The possible impact of biologics for the management of COVID19 is promising and includes a wide variety of options such as cytokines, nucleic acid-based therapies targeting virus gene expression, bioengineered and vectored antibodies, and various types of vaccines. This review demonstrates that the available data are not sufficient to suggest any treatment for the eradication of COVID-19 to be used at the clinical level. This article aims to review the roles of existing drugs and drug targets for COVID-19 treatment.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>33953756</pmid><doi>10.1155/2021/6631721</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-6992</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-2782</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of environmental and public health, 2021, Vol.2021, p.6631721-11 |
| issn | 1687-9805 1687-9813 |
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| subjects | ACE2 Angiotensin Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Antibodies Antiviral agents Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Bioengineering Biopharmaceuticals CD147 antigen Chemical compounds Clinical trials Coronaviridae Coronaviruses Corticoids Corticosteroids COVID-19 COVID-19 Drug Treatment COVID-19 vaccines Cytokines Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV DNA-directed RNA polymerase Drug Discovery Drug Repositioning Drugs Enzymes Gene expression Genomes Health services Hepatitis C Humans Infections Influenza Interferon Ivermectin Melatonin Membrane fusion Middle East respiratory syndrome Molecular Targeted Therapy Nucleic acids Pandemics Peptidase Peptidases Peptidyl-dipeptidase A Pharmacology Pneumonia Protease inhibitors Proteases Proteinase inhibitors Review Reviews Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA polymerase RNA viruses RNA-directed RNA polymerase SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Teicoplanin Therapeutic targets Vaccines Viral diseases Viruses |
| title | Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment |
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