Depression among physicians and other medical employees involved in the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study
Health care employees are the front liners whom are directly involved in the management of COVID-19 at high risk of developing psychological distress and other mental health illness. We aim to assess the burden of depression during this pandemic on health care employees treating COVID-19 in Saudi Ar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicine (Baltimore) 2021-04, Vol.100 (15), p.e25290-e25290 |
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| creator | ALGhasab, Naif Saad ALJadani, Ahmed Hamed ALMesned, Sulaman Saud Hersi, Ahmad Salah |
| description | Health care employees are the front liners whom are directly involved in the management of COVID-19 at high risk of developing psychological distress and other mental health illness. We aim to assess the burden of depression during this pandemic on health care employees treating COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. We also will shed the light on the best solutions of how to encounter depression.A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey conducted via a region-stratified, 2-stage cluster sample was conducted for 554 participants in >15 hospitals from April 29, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Depression is measured using the established PHQ9 score system. We grade PHQ9 depression scores as: normal, 0 to 4, mild, 5 to 9, significant (moderate or severe), 10 to 27. χ2/Fisher exact test was used; significant association between level of depression and survey characteristics were made. P value |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/MD.0000000000025290 |
| format | Article |
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We aim to assess the burden of depression during this pandemic on health care employees treating COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. We also will shed the light on the best solutions of how to encounter depression.A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey conducted via a region-stratified, 2-stage cluster sample was conducted for 554 participants in >15 hospitals from April 29, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Depression is measured using the established PHQ9 score system. We grade PHQ9 depression scores as: normal, 0 to 4, mild, 5 to 9, significant (moderate or severe), 10 to 27. χ2/Fisher exact test was used; significant association between level of depression and survey characteristics were made. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 554 participants completed the survey. A total of 18.9% (n = 105) were aged <29 years, 51.2% (n = 284) were between 30 to 39 years and female represent 70% of all participants. Of all participants, 53.7% (n = 298) were nurses, and 38.6% (n = 214) were physicians; 68.5% (n = 380) worked in central area hospitals in Saudi Arabia. No significant (P = .432, 95% confidence interval [CI]) association was observed between sex and depression classifications. However, female had high proportion of significant depression 75.0% (n = 76) was observed as compared to male 24.8% (n = 25). Depression was significant in Saudis 61.4% (n = 62) (P < .001, 95% CI) and medical staff who encountered corona patients 51.5% (n = 52) (P < .002, 95% CI). Hospital preparedness associated with more freedom of depression symptoms 69.1% (n = 199/288) (P < .001, 95% CI).Frontline young health care workers especially physician in Saudi Arabia reported a high rate of depression symptoms. Countermeasures for health care workers represent a key component for the mental and physical well-being as part of public health measures during this pandemic. Attention to hospital preparedness and adequacy of personal protective equipment contributed to milder depression symptoms. Further studies need to be conducted on crisis management and depression.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0025-7974</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1536-5964</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025290</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33847627</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Anxiety - diagnosis ; Anxiety - etiology ; Anxiety - prevention & control ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression - diagnosis ; Depression - etiology ; Depression - prevention & control ; Female ; Health Personnel - classification ; Health Personnel - psychology ; Hospitalists - psychology ; Hospitalists - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infection Control - methods ; Infection Control - organization & administration ; Infection Control - standards ; Male ; Mental Health - statistics & numerical data ; Observational Study ; Occupational Health - standards ; Occupational Stress - prevention & control ; Occupational Stress - psychology ; Personal Protective Equipment - supply & distribution ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saudi Arabia - epidemiology]]></subject><ispartof>Medicine (Baltimore), 2021-04, Vol.100 (15), p.e25290-e25290</ispartof><rights>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3553-4b2746eaec4f18eedd6e3255ba29c9aca9bf2aa73f253d0b275b02e614ad06413</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0370-2003</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8052024/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8052024/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33847627$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>ALGhasab, Naif Saad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ALJadani, Ahmed Hamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ALMesned, Sulaman Saud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hersi, Ahmad Salah</creatorcontrib><title>Depression among physicians and other medical employees involved in the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study</title><title>Medicine (Baltimore)</title><addtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</addtitle><description>Health care employees are the front liners whom are directly involved in the management of COVID-19 at high risk of developing psychological distress and other mental health illness. We aim to assess the burden of depression during this pandemic on health care employees treating COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. We also will shed the light on the best solutions of how to encounter depression.A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey conducted via a region-stratified, 2-stage cluster sample was conducted for 554 participants in >15 hospitals from April 29, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Depression is measured using the established PHQ9 score system. We grade PHQ9 depression scores as: normal, 0 to 4, mild, 5 to 9, significant (moderate or severe), 10 to 27. χ2/Fisher exact test was used; significant association between level of depression and survey characteristics were made. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 554 participants completed the survey. A total of 18.9% (n = 105) were aged <29 years, 51.2% (n = 284) were between 30 to 39 years and female represent 70% of all participants. Of all participants, 53.7% (n = 298) were nurses, and 38.6% (n = 214) were physicians; 68.5% (n = 380) worked in central area hospitals in Saudi Arabia. No significant (P = .432, 95% confidence interval [CI]) association was observed between sex and depression classifications. However, female had high proportion of significant depression 75.0% (n = 76) was observed as compared to male 24.8% (n = 25). Depression was significant in Saudis 61.4% (n = 62) (P < .001, 95% CI) and medical staff who encountered corona patients 51.5% (n = 52) (P < .002, 95% CI). Hospital preparedness associated with more freedom of depression symptoms 69.1% (n = 199/288) (P < .001, 95% CI).Frontline young health care workers especially physician in Saudi Arabia reported a high rate of depression symptoms. Countermeasures for health care workers represent a key component for the mental and physical well-being as part of public health measures during this pandemic. Attention to hospital preparedness and adequacy of personal protective equipment contributed to milder depression symptoms. Further studies need to be conducted on crisis management and depression.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anxiety - diagnosis</subject><subject>Anxiety - etiology</subject><subject>Anxiety - prevention & control</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - psychology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Depression - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depression - etiology</subject><subject>Depression - prevention & control</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Personnel - classification</subject><subject>Health Personnel - psychology</subject><subject>Hospitalists - psychology</subject><subject>Hospitalists - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection Control - methods</subject><subject>Infection Control - organization & administration</subject><subject>Infection Control - standards</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental Health - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Observational Study</subject><subject>Occupational Health - standards</subject><subject>Occupational Stress - prevention & control</subject><subject>Occupational Stress - psychology</subject><subject>Personal Protective Equipment - supply & distribution</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Saudi Arabia - epidemiology</subject><issn>0025-7974</issn><issn>1536-5964</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkdtu1DAQhi0EokvhCZCQX8Ctj_GaC6Rqt5RKrXoD3FoTZ9KEZuPIzm61b4-3C-UwNx6N__-bsYeQ94KfCe7s-e36jP8JaaTjL8hCGFUx4yr9kiwOVWad1SfkTc4_OBfKSv2anCi11LaSdkHSGqeEOfdxpLCJ4z2dun3uQw9jpjA2NM4dJrrBpg8wUNxMQ9wjZtqPuzjssCkJLRK6uvt-vWbC0bid64Tw8JFe0JBizixjmAu_2PO8bfZvyasWhozvfp2n5Nvny6-rL-zm7up6dXHDgjJGMV1LqysEDLoVS8SmqVBJY2qQLjgI4OpWAljVSqMaXtSm5hIroaHhlRbqlHw6cqdtXeYPOM4JBj-lfgNp7yP0_t-bse_8fdz5JTeSS10A6gh4ekbC9tkruD-swN-u_f8rKK4Pf7d99vz-8yLQR8FjHGZM-WHYPmLyHcIwd088Y51kZQTBtag4O6CV-gn9rZPo</recordid><startdate>20210416</startdate><enddate>20210416</enddate><creator>ALGhasab, Naif Saad</creator><creator>ALJadani, Ahmed Hamed</creator><creator>ALMesned, Sulaman Saud</creator><creator>Hersi, Ahmad Salah</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-2003</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210416</creationdate><title>Depression among physicians and other medical employees involved in the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study</title><author>ALGhasab, Naif Saad ; ALJadani, Ahmed Hamed ; ALMesned, Sulaman Saud ; Hersi, Ahmad Salah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3553-4b2746eaec4f18eedd6e3255ba29c9aca9bf2aa73f253d0b275b02e614ad06413</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anxiety - diagnosis</topic><topic>Anxiety - etiology</topic><topic>Anxiety - prevention & control</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - psychology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Depression - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depression - etiology</topic><topic>Depression - prevention & control</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Personnel - classification</topic><topic>Health Personnel - psychology</topic><topic>Hospitalists - psychology</topic><topic>Hospitalists - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection Control - methods</topic><topic>Infection Control - organization & administration</topic><topic>Infection Control - standards</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental Health - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Observational Study</topic><topic>Occupational Health - standards</topic><topic>Occupational Stress - prevention & control</topic><topic>Occupational Stress - psychology</topic><topic>Personal Protective Equipment - supply & distribution</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Saudi Arabia - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>ALGhasab, Naif Saad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ALJadani, Ahmed Hamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ALMesned, Sulaman Saud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hersi, Ahmad Salah</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>ALGhasab, Naif Saad</au><au>ALJadani, Ahmed Hamed</au><au>ALMesned, Sulaman Saud</au><au>Hersi, Ahmad Salah</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Depression among physicians and other medical employees involved in the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</jtitle><addtitle>Medicine (Baltimore)</addtitle><date>2021-04-16</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>e25290</spage><epage>e25290</epage><pages>e25290-e25290</pages><issn>0025-7974</issn><eissn>1536-5964</eissn><abstract>Health care employees are the front liners whom are directly involved in the management of COVID-19 at high risk of developing psychological distress and other mental health illness. We aim to assess the burden of depression during this pandemic on health care employees treating COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. We also will shed the light on the best solutions of how to encounter depression.A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey conducted via a region-stratified, 2-stage cluster sample was conducted for 554 participants in >15 hospitals from April 29, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Depression is measured using the established PHQ9 score system. We grade PHQ9 depression scores as: normal, 0 to 4, mild, 5 to 9, significant (moderate or severe), 10 to 27. χ2/Fisher exact test was used; significant association between level of depression and survey characteristics were made. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total of 554 participants completed the survey. A total of 18.9% (n = 105) were aged <29 years, 51.2% (n = 284) were between 30 to 39 years and female represent 70% of all participants. Of all participants, 53.7% (n = 298) were nurses, and 38.6% (n = 214) were physicians; 68.5% (n = 380) worked in central area hospitals in Saudi Arabia. No significant (P = .432, 95% confidence interval [CI]) association was observed between sex and depression classifications. However, female had high proportion of significant depression 75.0% (n = 76) was observed as compared to male 24.8% (n = 25). Depression was significant in Saudis 61.4% (n = 62) (P < .001, 95% CI) and medical staff who encountered corona patients 51.5% (n = 52) (P < .002, 95% CI). Hospital preparedness associated with more freedom of depression symptoms 69.1% (n = 199/288) (P < .001, 95% CI).Frontline young health care workers especially physician in Saudi Arabia reported a high rate of depression symptoms. Countermeasures for health care workers represent a key component for the mental and physical well-being as part of public health measures during this pandemic. Attention to hospital preparedness and adequacy of personal protective equipment contributed to milder depression symptoms. Further studies need to be conducted on crisis management and depression.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>33847627</pmid><doi>10.1097/MD.0000000000025290</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-2003</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wolters Kluwer Open Health; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Anxiety - diagnosis Anxiety - etiology Anxiety - prevention & control COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Depression - diagnosis Depression - etiology Depression - prevention & control Female Health Personnel - classification Health Personnel - psychology Hospitalists - psychology Hospitalists - statistics & numerical data Humans Infection Control - methods Infection Control - organization & administration Infection Control - standards Male Mental Health - statistics & numerical data Observational Study Occupational Health - standards Occupational Stress - prevention & control Occupational Stress - psychology Personal Protective Equipment - supply & distribution SARS-CoV-2 Saudi Arabia - epidemiology |
| title | Depression among physicians and other medical employees involved in the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study |
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