Exploring the Potential of Interferon Gamma Gene as Major Immune Responder for Bovine Tuberculosis in River Buffalo
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a widespread zoonotic infection targeting the livestock sector, especially in developing countries, and posing a risk to humans and animal populations. Its recent prevalence in river buffaloes has been estimated as higher as 33.7%. In emergent countries like Pakistan, th...
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| description | Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a widespread zoonotic infection targeting the livestock sector, especially in developing countries, and posing a risk to humans and animal populations. Its recent prevalence in river buffaloes has been estimated as higher as 33.7%. In emergent countries like Pakistan, there is likeliness of human-livestock interfaces extensively and lacking of effective preventive measures that illustrate the risk of spreading the infection at a remarkable rate. The river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an upkeep host of Mycobacterium bovis and is responsible for disease transmission among buffaloes and other livestock species. In this study, potential molecular biomarkers in the Interferon-gamma gene (IFNg) were identified after genomic screening of river buffaloes. Unique genomic loci in river buffalo proved the novelty of the genomic structure of this phenomenal animal but also highlighted its significance in natural immunity against the Mycobacterium. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the coding region of IFNg. The SNPs in the exonic region were all transitions, i.e., the conversion of purines to purines. These SNPs were analyzed for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, chi2 test, gene diversity, and protein structural conformation. Pathway analysis in tuberculosis revealed that IFNg inhibits the antigen-presenting cells (APC) through JAK and STAT pathways. Network analysis of IFNg proteins in both species showed strong associations among the immunity-related proteins (interleukins, tissue necrosis factors) and receptors of interferons. The identified polymorphic sites might be novel-potentiated markers for the selection of animals with superior immune response against bTB and can be exploited as promising genomic sites for breeding the resistant animal herds to combat Mycobacterium infection in a long run. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/5532864 |
| format | Article |
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Its recent prevalence in river buffaloes has been estimated as higher as 33.7%. In emergent countries like Pakistan, there is likeliness of human-livestock interfaces extensively and lacking of effective preventive measures that illustrate the risk of spreading the infection at a remarkable rate. The river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an upkeep host of Mycobacterium bovis and is responsible for disease transmission among buffaloes and other livestock species. In this study, potential molecular biomarkers in the Interferon-gamma gene (IFNg) were identified after genomic screening of river buffaloes. Unique genomic loci in river buffalo proved the novelty of the genomic structure of this phenomenal animal but also highlighted its significance in natural immunity against the Mycobacterium. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the coding region of IFNg. The SNPs in the exonic region were all transitions, i.e., the conversion of purines to purines. These SNPs were analyzed for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, chi2 test, gene diversity, and protein structural conformation. Pathway analysis in tuberculosis revealed that IFNg inhibits the antigen-presenting cells (APC) through JAK and STAT pathways. Network analysis of IFNg proteins in both species showed strong associations among the immunity-related proteins (interleukins, tissue necrosis factors) and receptors of interferons. The identified polymorphic sites might be novel-potentiated markers for the selection of animals with superior immune response against bTB and can be exploited as promising genomic sites for breeding the resistant animal herds to combat Mycobacterium infection in a long run.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/5532864</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33880367</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animal husbandry ; Animal populations ; Animal sciences ; Animals ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Antigens ; Bioinformatics ; Biological response modifiers ; Biomarkers ; Breeding ; Buffalo ; Buffaloes - genetics ; Buffaloes - immunology ; Care and treatment ; Cattle ; Cavitation ; Cytokines ; Developing countries ; Diagnosis ; Disease ; Disease control ; Disease transmission ; Diseases ; Farms ; Gene Frequency - genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genome ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Haplotypes - genetics ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Heterozygote ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Infections ; Interfaces ; Interferon ; Interferon gamma ; Interferon-gamma - chemistry ; Interferon-gamma - genetics ; Interleukins ; LDCs ; Livestock ; Mineralization ; Mycobacterium ; Necrosis ; Network analysis ; Nucleotides ; Odds Ratio ; Prevention ; Protein structure ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins ; Purines ; Risk factors ; Rivers ; Single nucleotide polymorphisms ; Single-nucleotide polymorphism ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis in cattle ; Tuberculosis, Bovine - genetics ; Tuberculosis, Bovine - immunology ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2021, Vol.2021 (1), p.5532864-5532864</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Maryam Javed et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Maryam Javed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Maryam Javed et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-257875ce772bde2efba2ec0774d385bf953ae02bdbd9fcf8806710f8a62f56783</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-257875ce772bde2efba2ec0774d385bf953ae02bdbd9fcf8806710f8a62f56783</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8500-7855 ; 0000-0003-4720-8792 ; 0000-0002-3115-282X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046533/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046533/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,4010,27900,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33880367$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Shokrollahi, Borhan</contributor><creatorcontrib>Javed, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raza, Syed Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nadeem, Asif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhammad Muddassir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shehzad, Wasim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehmood, Khalid</creatorcontrib><title>Exploring the Potential of Interferon Gamma Gene as Major Immune Responder for Bovine Tuberculosis in River Buffalo</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a widespread zoonotic infection targeting the livestock sector, especially in developing countries, and posing a risk to humans and animal populations. Its recent prevalence in river buffaloes has been estimated as higher as 33.7%. In emergent countries like Pakistan, there is likeliness of human-livestock interfaces extensively and lacking of effective preventive measures that illustrate the risk of spreading the infection at a remarkable rate. The river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an upkeep host of Mycobacterium bovis and is responsible for disease transmission among buffaloes and other livestock species. In this study, potential molecular biomarkers in the Interferon-gamma gene (IFNg) were identified after genomic screening of river buffaloes. Unique genomic loci in river buffalo proved the novelty of the genomic structure of this phenomenal animal but also highlighted its significance in natural immunity against the Mycobacterium. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the coding region of IFNg. The SNPs in the exonic region were all transitions, i.e., the conversion of purines to purines. These SNPs were analyzed for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, chi2 test, gene diversity, and protein structural conformation. Pathway analysis in tuberculosis revealed that IFNg inhibits the antigen-presenting cells (APC) through JAK and STAT pathways. Network analysis of IFNg proteins in both species showed strong associations among the immunity-related proteins (interleukins, tissue necrosis factors) and receptors of interferons. 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Its recent prevalence in river buffaloes has been estimated as higher as 33.7%. In emergent countries like Pakistan, there is likeliness of human-livestock interfaces extensively and lacking of effective preventive measures that illustrate the risk of spreading the infection at a remarkable rate. The river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an upkeep host of Mycobacterium bovis and is responsible for disease transmission among buffaloes and other livestock species. In this study, potential molecular biomarkers in the Interferon-gamma gene (IFNg) were identified after genomic screening of river buffaloes. Unique genomic loci in river buffalo proved the novelty of the genomic structure of this phenomenal animal but also highlighted its significance in natural immunity against the Mycobacterium. A total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the coding region of IFNg. The SNPs in the exonic region were all transitions, i.e., the conversion of purines to purines. These SNPs were analyzed for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, chi2 test, gene diversity, and protein structural conformation. Pathway analysis in tuberculosis revealed that IFNg inhibits the antigen-presenting cells (APC) through JAK and STAT pathways. Network analysis of IFNg proteins in both species showed strong associations among the immunity-related proteins (interleukins, tissue necrosis factors) and receptors of interferons. The identified polymorphic sites might be novel-potentiated markers for the selection of animals with superior immune response against bTB and can be exploited as promising genomic sites for breeding the resistant animal herds to combat Mycobacterium infection in a long run.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>33880367</pmid><doi>10.1155/2021/5532864</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-7855</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-8792</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-282X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | BioMed research international, 2021, Vol.2021 (1), p.5532864-5532864 |
| issn | 2314-6133 2314-6141 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Open Access; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Analysis Animal husbandry Animal populations Animal sciences Animals Antigen-presenting cells Antigens Bioinformatics Biological response modifiers Biomarkers Breeding Buffalo Buffaloes - genetics Buffaloes - immunology Care and treatment Cattle Cavitation Cytokines Developing countries Diagnosis Disease Disease control Disease transmission Diseases Farms Gene Frequency - genetics Gene Regulatory Networks Genome Genomes Genomics Haplotypes - genetics Health aspects Health risks Heterozygote Immune response Immune system Immunity Infections Interfaces Interferon Interferon gamma Interferon-gamma - chemistry Interferon-gamma - genetics Interleukins LDCs Livestock Mineralization Mycobacterium Necrosis Network analysis Nucleotides Odds Ratio Prevention Protein structure Protein Structure, Secondary Proteins Purines Risk factors Rivers Single nucleotide polymorphisms Single-nucleotide polymorphism Tuberculosis Tuberculosis in cattle Tuberculosis, Bovine - genetics Tuberculosis, Bovine - immunology γ-Interferon |
| title | Exploring the Potential of Interferon Gamma Gene as Major Immune Responder for Bovine Tuberculosis in River Buffalo |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-21T23%3A22%3A10IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exploring%20the%20Potential%20of%20Interferon%20Gamma%20Gene%20as%20Major%20Immune%20Responder%20for%20Bovine%20Tuberculosis%20in%20River%20Buffalo&rft.jtitle=BioMed%20research%20international&rft.au=Javed,%20Maryam&rft.date=2021&rft.volume=2021&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5532864&rft.epage=5532864&rft.pages=5532864-5532864&rft.issn=2314-6133&rft.eissn=2314-6141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155/2021/5532864&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA696916613%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2514157554&rft_id=info:pmid/33880367&rft_galeid=A696916613&rfr_iscdi=true |