Mannan-BAM, TLR Ligands, Anti-CD40 Antibody (MBTA) Vaccine Immunotherapy: A Review of Current Evidence and Applications in Glioblastoma
The foundation of precision immunotherapy in oncology is rooted in computational biology and patient-derived sample sequencing to enrich for and target immunogenic epitopes. Discovery of these tumor-specific epitopes through tumor sequencing has revolutionized patient outcomes in many types of cance...
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Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-03, Vol.22 (7), p.3455 |
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creator | Lookian, Pashayar P Zhao, David Medina, Rogelio Wang, Herui Zenka, Jan Gilbert, Mark R Pacak, Karel Zhuang, Zhengping |
description | The foundation of precision immunotherapy in oncology is rooted in computational biology and patient-derived sample sequencing to enrich for and target immunogenic epitopes. Discovery of these tumor-specific epitopes through tumor sequencing has revolutionized patient outcomes in many types of cancers that were previously untreatable. However, these therapeutic successes are far from universal, especially with cancers that carry high intratumoral heterogeneity such as glioblastoma (GBM). Herein, we present the technical aspects of Mannan-BAM, TLR Ligands, Anti-CD40 Antibody (MBTA) vaccine immunotherapy, an investigational therapeutic that potentially circumvents the need for in silico tumor-neoantigen enrichment. We then review the most promising GBM vaccination strategies to contextualize the MBTA vaccine. By reviewing current evidence using translational tumor models supporting MBTA vaccination, we evaluate the underlying principles that validate its clinical applicability. Finally, we showcase the translational potential of MBTA vaccination as a potential immunotherapy in GBM, along with established surgical and immunologic cancer treatment paradigms. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms22073455 |
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Discovery of these tumor-specific epitopes through tumor sequencing has revolutionized patient outcomes in many types of cancers that were previously untreatable. However, these therapeutic successes are far from universal, especially with cancers that carry high intratumoral heterogeneity such as glioblastoma (GBM). Herein, we present the technical aspects of Mannan-BAM, TLR Ligands, Anti-CD40 Antibody (MBTA) vaccine immunotherapy, an investigational therapeutic that potentially circumvents the need for in silico tumor-neoantigen enrichment. We then review the most promising GBM vaccination strategies to contextualize the MBTA vaccine. By reviewing current evidence using translational tumor models supporting MBTA vaccination, we evaluate the underlying principles that validate its clinical applicability. Finally, we showcase the translational potential of MBTA vaccination as a potential immunotherapy in GBM, along with established surgical and immunologic cancer treatment paradigms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073455</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33810617</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antigens ; Brain cancer ; CD40 antigen ; Cell cycle ; Clinical trials ; Computer applications ; Dendritic cells ; Drug therapy ; Epitopes ; Glioblastoma ; Heterogeneity ; Immune system ; Immunogenicity ; Immunotherapy ; Ligands ; Mannan ; Medical prognosis ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Mutation ; Neoantigens ; Nervous system ; Patients ; Peptides ; Proteins ; Radiation ; Review ; Translation ; Tumors ; Vaccination ; Vaccines</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-03, Vol.22 (7), p.3455</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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subjects | Antigens Brain cancer CD40 antigen Cell cycle Clinical trials Computer applications Dendritic cells Drug therapy Epitopes Glioblastoma Heterogeneity Immune system Immunogenicity Immunotherapy Ligands Mannan Medical prognosis Monoclonal antibodies Mutation Neoantigens Nervous system Patients Peptides Proteins Radiation Review Translation Tumors Vaccination Vaccines |
title | Mannan-BAM, TLR Ligands, Anti-CD40 Antibody (MBTA) Vaccine Immunotherapy: A Review of Current Evidence and Applications in Glioblastoma |
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