Development of an Affordable, Sustainable and Efficacious Plant-Based Immunomodulatory Food Ingredient Based on Bell Pepper or Carrot RG-I Pectic Polysaccharides
The prevalence of acute respiratory infections and their impact on quality of life underlies the need for efficacious solutions that are safe, sustainable and economically viable. Polysaccharides in several (traditional) plant extracts have been shown to be immunostimulatory, and some studies sugges...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2021-03, Vol.13 (3), p.963 |
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| creator | McKay, Sue Oranje, Paul Helin, Jari Koek, Jean H Kreijveld, Ellen van den Abbeele, Pieter Pohl, Ute Bothe, Gordana Tzoumaki, Maria Aparicio-Vergara, Marcela Mercenier, Annick Schols, Henk Albers, Ruud |
| description | The prevalence of acute respiratory infections and their impact on quality of life underlies the need for efficacious solutions that are safe, sustainable and economically viable. Polysaccharides in several (traditional) plant extracts have been shown to be immunostimulatory, and some studies suggest beneficial effects against respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to (i) identify the active polysaccharide constituents from affordable and renewable crops (bell pepper and carrot) using activity-guided fractionation, (ii) evaluate in vitro effects on innate immune responses (phagocytosis and cytokine secretion), microbiota modulation and production of short chain fatty acids, followed by (iii) the evaluation of effects of a bell pepper extract enriched for the active component in a human proof of concept study. We identified rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) as the nutricophore responsible for the immunostimulatory activity with substantial structural and functional equivalence between bell pepper (bp) and carrot (c). The in vitro studies showed that bpRG-I and cRG-I comprise similar immune- and microbiota modulatory potential and the human study demonstrated that bpRG-I was well tolerated and enhanced innate immune responsiveness in vivo. This is an important step towards testing the efficacy of RG-I from bpRG-I or cRG-I in an infection trial in humans. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu13030963 |
| format | Article |
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Polysaccharides in several (traditional) plant extracts have been shown to be immunostimulatory, and some studies suggest beneficial effects against respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to (i) identify the active polysaccharide constituents from affordable and renewable crops (bell pepper and carrot) using activity-guided fractionation, (ii) evaluate in vitro effects on innate immune responses (phagocytosis and cytokine secretion), microbiota modulation and production of short chain fatty acids, followed by (iii) the evaluation of effects of a bell pepper extract enriched for the active component in a human proof of concept study. We identified rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) as the nutricophore responsible for the immunostimulatory activity with substantial structural and functional equivalence between bell pepper (bp) and carrot (c). The in vitro studies showed that bpRG-I and cRG-I comprise similar immune- and microbiota modulatory potential and the human study demonstrated that bpRG-I was well tolerated and enhanced innate immune responsiveness in vivo. This is an important step towards testing the efficacy of RG-I from bpRG-I or cRG-I in an infection trial in humans.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu13030963</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33809720</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biological activity ; Capsicum - chemistry ; Carrots ; Chromatography ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Daucus carota - chemistry ; Double-Blind Method ; Enzymes ; Female ; Food products ; Fractionation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects ; Humans ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immunologic Factors - isolation & purification ; Immunologic Factors - pharmacology ; Immunomodulation ; Immunomodulators ; Immunostimulation ; In vivo methods and tests ; Infections ; Innate immunity ; Killer Cells, Natural - drug effects ; Killer Cells, Natural - physiology ; Male ; Metabolites ; Microbiota ; Middle Aged ; Molecular weight ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Pectins - isolation & purification ; Pectins - pharmacology ; Phagocytosis ; Phagocytosis - drug effects ; Phytotherapy - methods ; Plant extracts ; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; Proof of Concept Study ; Quality of life ; Rhamnogalacturonan ; Saccharides ; Spectrum analysis ; Structure-function relationships ; Sustainable development ; Vegetables ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2021-03, Vol.13 (3), p.963</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-5e2d2076ab2626be9c425a584c167caf0ea1b19c0c593362309d7ba278f2aef43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-5e2d2076ab2626be9c425a584c167caf0ea1b19c0c593362309d7ba278f2aef43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5712-1554</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002328/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002328/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33809720$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McKay, Sue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oranje, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Helin, Jari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koek, Jean H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreijveld, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van den Abbeele, Pieter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pohl, Ute</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bothe, Gordana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzoumaki, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aparicio-Vergara, Marcela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercenier, Annick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schols, Henk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albers, Ruud</creatorcontrib><title>Development of an Affordable, Sustainable and Efficacious Plant-Based Immunomodulatory Food Ingredient Based on Bell Pepper or Carrot RG-I Pectic Polysaccharides</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>The prevalence of acute respiratory infections and their impact on quality of life underlies the need for efficacious solutions that are safe, sustainable and economically viable. Polysaccharides in several (traditional) plant extracts have been shown to be immunostimulatory, and some studies suggest beneficial effects against respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to (i) identify the active polysaccharide constituents from affordable and renewable crops (bell pepper and carrot) using activity-guided fractionation, (ii) evaluate in vitro effects on innate immune responses (phagocytosis and cytokine secretion), microbiota modulation and production of short chain fatty acids, followed by (iii) the evaluation of effects of a bell pepper extract enriched for the active component in a human proof of concept study. We identified rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) as the nutricophore responsible for the immunostimulatory activity with substantial structural and functional equivalence between bell pepper (bp) and carrot (c). The in vitro studies showed that bpRG-I and cRG-I comprise similar immune- and microbiota modulatory potential and the human study demonstrated that bpRG-I was well tolerated and enhanced innate immune responsiveness in vivo. This is an important step towards testing the efficacy of RG-I from bpRG-I or cRG-I in an infection trial in humans.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Capsicum - chemistry</subject><subject>Carrots</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>Daucus carota - chemistry</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food products</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunologic Factors - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Immunologic Factors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Immunomodulation</subject><subject>Immunomodulators</subject><subject>Immunostimulation</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Innate immunity</subject><subject>Killer Cells, Natural - 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Polysaccharides in several (traditional) plant extracts have been shown to be immunostimulatory, and some studies suggest beneficial effects against respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to (i) identify the active polysaccharide constituents from affordable and renewable crops (bell pepper and carrot) using activity-guided fractionation, (ii) evaluate in vitro effects on innate immune responses (phagocytosis and cytokine secretion), microbiota modulation and production of short chain fatty acids, followed by (iii) the evaluation of effects of a bell pepper extract enriched for the active component in a human proof of concept study. We identified rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) as the nutricophore responsible for the immunostimulatory activity with substantial structural and functional equivalence between bell pepper (bp) and carrot (c). The in vitro studies showed that bpRG-I and cRG-I comprise similar immune- and microbiota modulatory potential and the human study demonstrated that bpRG-I was well tolerated and enhanced innate immune responsiveness in vivo. This is an important step towards testing the efficacy of RG-I from bpRG-I or cRG-I in an infection trial in humans.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33809720</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu13030963</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-1554</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nutrients, 2021-03, Vol.13 (3), p.963 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Adult Aged Biological activity Capsicum - chemistry Carrots Chromatography Cytokines Cytokines - metabolism Daucus carota - chemistry Double-Blind Method Enzymes Female Food products Fractionation Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects Humans Immune response Immune system Immunologic Factors - isolation & purification Immunologic Factors - pharmacology Immunomodulation Immunomodulators Immunostimulation In vivo methods and tests Infections Innate immunity Killer Cells, Natural - drug effects Killer Cells, Natural - physiology Male Metabolites Microbiota Middle Aged Molecular weight NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Pectins - isolation & purification Pectins - pharmacology Phagocytosis Phagocytosis - drug effects Phytotherapy - methods Plant extracts Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - pharmacology Polysaccharides Proof of Concept Study Quality of life Rhamnogalacturonan Saccharides Spectrum analysis Structure-function relationships Sustainable development Vegetables Young Adult |
| title | Development of an Affordable, Sustainable and Efficacious Plant-Based Immunomodulatory Food Ingredient Based on Bell Pepper or Carrot RG-I Pectic Polysaccharides |
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