Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019-2020
Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyze...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Viruses 2021-02, Vol.13 (3), p.381 |
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| creator | Na, Eun-Jee Kim, Young-Sik Lee, Sook-Young Kim, Yoon-Ji Park, Jun-Soo Oem, Jae-Ku |
| description | Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were
species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity. |
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species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/v13030381</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33673635</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antigens ; Aquatic birds ; Avian flu ; avian influenza virus ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Eggs ; Farms ; Feces ; Genomes ; Influenza ; Lungs ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Mutation ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Poultry ; Poultry farming ; reassortment ; surveillance ; Viruses ; wild bird</subject><ispartof>Viruses, 2021-02, Vol.13 (3), p.381</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-45f1aad523b39c910e2809f3daa4eb55b2926f03b79486c4155aa0caa4a271c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-45f1aad523b39c910e2809f3daa4eb55b2926f03b79486c4155aa0caa4a271c73</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1685-3721 ; 0000-0002-9454-9963 ; 0000-0002-2448-8202</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997295/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997295/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33673635$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Na, Eun-Jee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young-Sik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Sook-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yoon-Ji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Jun-Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oem, Jae-Ku</creatorcontrib><title>Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019-2020</title><title>Viruses</title><addtitle>Viruses</addtitle><description>Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were
species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.</description><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Aquatic birds</subject><subject>Avian flu</subject><subject>avian influenza virus</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>Poultry farming</subject><subject>reassortment</subject><subject>surveillance</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>wild bird</subject><issn>1999-4915</issn><issn>1999-4915</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkktv1DAQgCMEog848AeQJS4gNWVsx3HmglRWtKxaiQOvozVxnK5X2bjYyUr01-OyZdUiH_yYT9-M7SmKVxxOpUR4v-US8mj4k-KQI2JZIVdPH6wPiqOU1gB1jaCfFwdS1lrWUh0W9sKNbvKWLVYUyU4u-pS3iYWenW09jWw59sPsxltiP3ycE1umMNDkOtbHsGE__dCxjz52ifmRfQ3ztGKXITo6YQI4lgIEvCie9TQk9_J-Pi6-n3_6tvhcXn25WC7Orkpb1TiVleo5UaeEbCVa5OBEA9jLjqhyrVKtQFH3IFuNVVPbiitFBDZHSWhutTwuljtvF2htbqLfUPxtAnnz9yDEa0MxX25wBqTVHJtWA-oKG2qpBt1p0qrmnAueXR92rpu53bjOunGKNDySPo6MfmWuw9ZoRC1QZcHbe0EMv2aXJrPxybphoNGFORmR01ZNIwVk9M1_6DrMccxPdUdpAU0lMVPvdpSNIaXo-n0xHMxdG5h9G2T29cPq9-S_f5d_AB2cqdU</recordid><startdate>20210227</startdate><enddate>20210227</enddate><creator>Na, Eun-Jee</creator><creator>Kim, Young-Sik</creator><creator>Lee, Sook-Young</creator><creator>Kim, Yoon-Ji</creator><creator>Park, Jun-Soo</creator><creator>Oem, Jae-Ku</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-3721</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-9963</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-8202</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210227</creationdate><title>Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019-2020</title><author>Na, Eun-Jee ; 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Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were
species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33673635</pmid><doi>10.3390/v13030381</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-3721</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-9963</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-8202</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antigens Aquatic birds Avian flu avian influenza virus Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Eggs Farms Feces Genomes Influenza Lungs Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Pathogenicity Pathogens Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction Poultry Poultry farming reassortment surveillance Viruses wild bird |
| title | Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019-2020 |
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