Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 lacks sentience and can only be spread through human behaviour. Government instructions to the general public include: (a) limiting time spent outside the home, (b) staying more than 1 m away from people outside the household at all times, and (c) maintaining hand hygiene. Current evidenc...
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| description | SARS-CoV-2 lacks sentience and can only be spread through human behaviour. Government instructions to the general public include: (a) limiting time spent outside the home, (b) staying more than 1 m away from people outside the household at all times, and (c) maintaining hand hygiene. Current evidence suggests high rates of adherence to such instructions, but interventions to sustain adherence to government instructions in the long term can only be developed if we know why people do or do not adhere to them. The aims were to assess levels of public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but more importantly to gauge why people were or were not adhering to instructions.
Cross-sectional survey of 2252 adults who were representative of the UK population. Data were analysed descriptively, and using one-sample t-tests, within-participants ANOVA and multiple linear regression.
The sample reported mostly adhering to UK government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with 5% or fewer people reporting active resistance to instructions. People generally reported high levels of capability, opportunity and motivation to follow the instructions, but perceived relatively few physical and social opportunities. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that better adherence was associated with older age, being a woman, having a white ethnic background, and with perceiving greater levels of capabilities, opportunities and motivations.
Interventions targeted at people with black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds, men and younger people that focus on increasing capabilities, providing greater opportunities and boosting motivations are needed to support continued adherence to government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further research is required to track changes in people's capabilities, opportunities, motivations and behaviours in response to the ongoing emergency, any changes in government instructions, and to adapt the present procedures to other emergency situations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12889-021-10574-6 |
| format | Article |
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Cross-sectional survey of 2252 adults who were representative of the UK population. Data were analysed descriptively, and using one-sample t-tests, within-participants ANOVA and multiple linear regression.
The sample reported mostly adhering to UK government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with 5% or fewer people reporting active resistance to instructions. People generally reported high levels of capability, opportunity and motivation to follow the instructions, but perceived relatively few physical and social opportunities. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that better adherence was associated with older age, being a woman, having a white ethnic background, and with perceiving greater levels of capabilities, opportunities and motivations.
Interventions targeted at people with black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds, men and younger people that focus on increasing capabilities, providing greater opportunities and boosting motivations are needed to support continued adherence to government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further research is required to track changes in people's capabilities, opportunities, motivations and behaviours in response to the ongoing emergency, any changes in government instructions, and to adapt the present procedures to other emergency situations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2458</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2458</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10574-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33731056</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adherence ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Control ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data collection ; Demographic aspects ; Disease control ; Disease transmission ; Distribution ; Emergency procedures ; Emergency response ; Epidemics ; Ethnicity ; Evaluation ; Female ; Forecasts and trends ; Guideline Adherence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Hand hygiene ; Health behavior ; Human behavior ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Intervention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Motivation ; Older people ; Personal hygiene ; Physical distancing ; Population ; Public health administration ; Questionnaires ; Race Factors ; Regression analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sex Factors ; Social Class ; Social distancing ; Sociodemographics ; Socioeconomic factors ; Teaching methods ; United Kingdom ; United Kingdom - epidemiology ; Variables ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>BMC public health, 2021-03, Vol.21 (1), p.522-522, Article 522</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-2a55b89391a362deb58051a6c4c58c02fe6b3a7dd09955abb408a1dca898be563</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-2a55b89391a362deb58051a6c4c58c02fe6b3a7dd09955abb408a1dca898be563</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2365-1765</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967094/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7967094/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33731056$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Armitage, Christopher J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keyworth, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leather, Jessica Z</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byrne-Davis, Lucie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Epton, Tracy</creatorcontrib><title>Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2</title><title>BMC public health</title><addtitle>BMC Public Health</addtitle><description>SARS-CoV-2 lacks sentience and can only be spread through human behaviour. Government instructions to the general public include: (a) limiting time spent outside the home, (b) staying more than 1 m away from people outside the household at all times, and (c) maintaining hand hygiene. Current evidence suggests high rates of adherence to such instructions, but interventions to sustain adherence to government instructions in the long term can only be developed if we know why people do or do not adhere to them. The aims were to assess levels of public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but more importantly to gauge why people were or were not adhering to instructions.
Cross-sectional survey of 2252 adults who were representative of the UK population. Data were analysed descriptively, and using one-sample t-tests, within-participants ANOVA and multiple linear regression.
The sample reported mostly adhering to UK government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with 5% or fewer people reporting active resistance to instructions. People generally reported high levels of capability, opportunity and motivation to follow the instructions, but perceived relatively few physical and social opportunities. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that better adherence was associated with older age, being a woman, having a white ethnic background, and with perceiving greater levels of capabilities, opportunities and motivations.
Interventions targeted at people with black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds, men and younger people that focus on increasing capabilities, providing greater opportunities and boosting motivations are needed to support continued adherence to government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further research is required to track changes in people's capabilities, opportunities, motivations and behaviours in response to the ongoing emergency, any changes in government instructions, and to adapt the present procedures to other emergency situations.</description><subject>Adherence</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Emergency procedures</subject><subject>Emergency response</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forecasts and trends</subject><subject>Guideline Adherence</subject><subject>Guidelines as Topic</subject><subject>Hand hygiene</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Human behavior</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Personal hygiene</subject><subject>Physical distancing</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Public health administration</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Race Factors</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Social distancing</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Teaching methods</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><subject>United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>1471-2458</issn><issn>1471-2458</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUl2L1DAULaK46-of8EEKvvjSNR9NmrwIw-DHwILgqq8hTdJuhjYZk3ZhH_3n3s6Mw45IHhLuPefc3MMpitcYXWMs-PuMiRCyQgRXGLGmrviT4hLXDa5IzcTTR--L4kXOW4RwIxh5XlxQ2lCg8Mvi98a6MPnuwYe-nHTq3ZTLLqbSh8ml-6UXQy6nWOZ5t4tpKndzO3hTanvnkgvGLb0-3rsURkADL09pNidacnZeQEmHPPqcoV7Grrxdfbut1vFnRV4Wzzo9ZPfqeF8VPz59_L7-Ut18_bxZr24qwzidKqIZa4WkEmvKiXUtE4hhzU1tmDCIdI63VDfWIikZ021bI6GxNVpI0TqQuCo2B10b9Vbtkh91elBRe7UvxNQrnSZvBqdaKxyIYCQJr03Lda0JQxY3tmkbThBofThogRmjswYWT3o4Ez3vBH-nwCTVSN4gWYPAu6NAir9mlycF3hg3DDq4OGcF44hAgkgK0Lf_QLdxTgGs2qOk4HS_3RHVa1jAhy7CXLOIqhVnvMZMUgao6_-g4Fg3ehOD6zzUzwjkQDAp5pxcd9oRI7WEUB1CqCCEah9CtfzlzWN3TpS_qaN_AETV2JY</recordid><startdate>20210317</startdate><enddate>20210317</enddate><creator>Armitage, Christopher J</creator><creator>Keyworth, Chris</creator><creator>Leather, Jessica Z</creator><creator>Byrne-Davis, Lucie</creator><creator>Epton, Tracy</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-1765</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210317</creationdate><title>Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2</title><author>Armitage, Christopher J ; Keyworth, Chris ; Leather, Jessica Z ; Byrne-Davis, Lucie ; Epton, Tracy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-2a55b89391a362deb58051a6c4c58c02fe6b3a7dd09955abb408a1dca898be563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adherence</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMC public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Armitage, Christopher J</au><au>Keyworth, Chris</au><au>Leather, Jessica Z</au><au>Byrne-Davis, Lucie</au><au>Epton, Tracy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2</atitle><jtitle>BMC public health</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Public Health</addtitle><date>2021-03-17</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>522</spage><epage>522</epage><pages>522-522</pages><artnum>522</artnum><issn>1471-2458</issn><eissn>1471-2458</eissn><abstract>SARS-CoV-2 lacks sentience and can only be spread through human behaviour. Government instructions to the general public include: (a) limiting time spent outside the home, (b) staying more than 1 m away from people outside the household at all times, and (c) maintaining hand hygiene. Current evidence suggests high rates of adherence to such instructions, but interventions to sustain adherence to government instructions in the long term can only be developed if we know why people do or do not adhere to them. The aims were to assess levels of public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but more importantly to gauge why people were or were not adhering to instructions.
Cross-sectional survey of 2252 adults who were representative of the UK population. Data were analysed descriptively, and using one-sample t-tests, within-participants ANOVA and multiple linear regression.
The sample reported mostly adhering to UK government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with 5% or fewer people reporting active resistance to instructions. People generally reported high levels of capability, opportunity and motivation to follow the instructions, but perceived relatively few physical and social opportunities. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that better adherence was associated with older age, being a woman, having a white ethnic background, and with perceiving greater levels of capabilities, opportunities and motivations.
Interventions targeted at people with black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds, men and younger people that focus on increasing capabilities, providing greater opportunities and boosting motivations are needed to support continued adherence to government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further research is required to track changes in people's capabilities, opportunities, motivations and behaviours in response to the ongoing emergency, any changes in government instructions, and to adapt the present procedures to other emergency situations.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>33731056</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12889-021-10574-6</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-1765</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adherence Adult Age Factors Aged Control Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - prevention & control Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Demographic aspects Disease control Disease transmission Distribution Emergency procedures Emergency response Epidemics Ethnicity Evaluation Female Forecasts and trends Guideline Adherence Guidelines as Topic Hand hygiene Health behavior Human behavior Humans Hygiene Intervention Male Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Motivation Older people Personal hygiene Physical distancing Population Public health administration Questionnaires Race Factors Regression analysis SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sex Factors Social Class Social distancing Sociodemographics Socioeconomic factors Teaching methods United Kingdom United Kingdom - epidemiology Variables Variance analysis |
| title | Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 |
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