Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma
Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a dismal prognosis, and there are no established therapeutic regimens for metastatic or recurrent disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, are widely approved in several human cancers, contributing to prolonging survival in...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancers 2021-03, Vol.13 (5), p.1065 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 1065 |
| container_title | Cancers |
| container_volume | 13 |
| creator | Kaira, Kyoichi Imai, Hisao Kagamu, Hiroshi |
| description | Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a dismal prognosis, and there are no established therapeutic regimens for metastatic or recurrent disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, are widely approved in several human cancers, contributing to prolonging survival in thoracic tumors. Thymic carcinoma exhibits histologic properties of squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and resembles the SQC of the lung. ICIs are not approved in thymic carcinoma. Thus, several clinical trials have been undertaken to demonstrate if they are therapeutically effective for patients with thymic carcinoma. In our review, three prospective phase II studies and several case series were discussed in thymic carcinoma. We found that the objective response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival in PD-1 blockade monotherapy were approximately 20%, 73%, and four months, respectively. Two exploratory investigations indicated that PD-L1 within tumor cells exhibits a possibility of the therapeutic prediction of PD-1 blockade in thymic carcinoma. Several case reports, alongside their treatment content, have also been reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade monotherapy is still limited in patients with thymic carcinoma. Future perspectives focus on the therapeutic implication of tyrokinase inhibitors plus ICIs or new experimental agents plus ICIs alongside several ongoing experimental studies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cancers13051065 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7959131</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2498669981</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-6162136dc93a7f23fcf44a44456f56f7d5ddd7a7ee3088fa6c1d33ba4996a0e53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkU1LAzEQhoMottSevcmCFy-1-dpkc1Gk-FEo6KGeQ5rNuqndZE12C_33bmkttWEgA_PMy8y8AFwjeE-IgGOtnDYhIgJTBFl6BvoYcjxiTNDzo7wHhjEuYfcIQZzxS9AjJIMYi6wPHj86hdroxq5N4otkWlWtM8mkNPq79tY1ydSVdmEbH2JiXTIvN5XVyUQFbZ2v1BW4KNQqmuH-H4DPl-f55G00e3-dTp5mI00Rb0YMMYwIy7UgiheYFLqgVFFKU1Z0wfM0z3OuuDEEZlmhmEY5IQtFhWAKmpQMwMNOt24Xlcm1cU1QK1kHW6mwkV5Z-b_ibCm__FpykQpEUCdwtxcI_qc1sZGVjdqsVsoZ30aJU5ilDGG4RW9P0KVvg-vWk5iKrLupyLbUeEfp4GMMpjgMg6Dc-iNP_Ok6bo53OPB_bpBfyYOM5g</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2498669981</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Kaira, Kyoichi ; Imai, Hisao ; Kagamu, Hiroshi</creator><creatorcontrib>Kaira, Kyoichi ; Imai, Hisao ; Kagamu, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><description>Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a dismal prognosis, and there are no established therapeutic regimens for metastatic or recurrent disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, are widely approved in several human cancers, contributing to prolonging survival in thoracic tumors. Thymic carcinoma exhibits histologic properties of squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and resembles the SQC of the lung. ICIs are not approved in thymic carcinoma. Thus, several clinical trials have been undertaken to demonstrate if they are therapeutically effective for patients with thymic carcinoma. In our review, three prospective phase II studies and several case series were discussed in thymic carcinoma. We found that the objective response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival in PD-1 blockade monotherapy were approximately 20%, 73%, and four months, respectively. Two exploratory investigations indicated that PD-L1 within tumor cells exhibits a possibility of the therapeutic prediction of PD-1 blockade in thymic carcinoma. Several case reports, alongside their treatment content, have also been reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade monotherapy is still limited in patients with thymic carcinoma. Future perspectives focus on the therapeutic implication of tyrokinase inhibitors plus ICIs or new experimental agents plus ICIs alongside several ongoing experimental studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051065</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33802298</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Case reports ; Chemotherapy ; Clinical trials ; Disease control ; Histology ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immunotherapy ; Metastases ; Metastasis ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Patients ; PD-1 protein ; PD-L1 protein ; Radiation therapy ; Review ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Thorax ; Thymus ; Tumor cells ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2021-03, Vol.13 (5), p.1065</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-6162136dc93a7f23fcf44a44456f56f7d5ddd7a7ee3088fa6c1d33ba4996a0e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-6162136dc93a7f23fcf44a44456f56f7d5ddd7a7ee3088fa6c1d33ba4996a0e53</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3097-4255 ; 0000-0001-5548-7686</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7959131/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7959131/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802298$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kaira, Kyoichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imai, Hisao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kagamu, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><title>Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma</title><title>Cancers</title><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a dismal prognosis, and there are no established therapeutic regimens for metastatic or recurrent disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, are widely approved in several human cancers, contributing to prolonging survival in thoracic tumors. Thymic carcinoma exhibits histologic properties of squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and resembles the SQC of the lung. ICIs are not approved in thymic carcinoma. Thus, several clinical trials have been undertaken to demonstrate if they are therapeutically effective for patients with thymic carcinoma. In our review, three prospective phase II studies and several case series were discussed in thymic carcinoma. We found that the objective response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival in PD-1 blockade monotherapy were approximately 20%, 73%, and four months, respectively. Two exploratory investigations indicated that PD-L1 within tumor cells exhibits a possibility of the therapeutic prediction of PD-1 blockade in thymic carcinoma. Several case reports, alongside their treatment content, have also been reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade monotherapy is still limited in patients with thymic carcinoma. Future perspectives focus on the therapeutic implication of tyrokinase inhibitors plus ICIs or new experimental agents plus ICIs alongside several ongoing experimental studies.</description><subject>Case reports</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>PD-1 protein</subject><subject>PD-L1 protein</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Thorax</subject><subject>Thymus</subject><subject>Tumor cells</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>2072-6694</issn><issn>2072-6694</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1LAzEQhoMottSevcmCFy-1-dpkc1Gk-FEo6KGeQ5rNuqndZE12C_33bmkttWEgA_PMy8y8AFwjeE-IgGOtnDYhIgJTBFl6BvoYcjxiTNDzo7wHhjEuYfcIQZzxS9AjJIMYi6wPHj86hdroxq5N4otkWlWtM8mkNPq79tY1ydSVdmEbH2JiXTIvN5XVyUQFbZ2v1BW4KNQqmuH-H4DPl-f55G00e3-dTp5mI00Rb0YMMYwIy7UgiheYFLqgVFFKU1Z0wfM0z3OuuDEEZlmhmEY5IQtFhWAKmpQMwMNOt24Xlcm1cU1QK1kHW6mwkV5Z-b_ibCm__FpykQpEUCdwtxcI_qc1sZGVjdqsVsoZ30aJU5ilDGG4RW9P0KVvg-vWk5iKrLupyLbUeEfp4GMMpjgMg6Dc-iNP_Ok6bo53OPB_bpBfyYOM5g</recordid><startdate>20210303</startdate><enddate>20210303</enddate><creator>Kaira, Kyoichi</creator><creator>Imai, Hisao</creator><creator>Kagamu, Hiroshi</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-4255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-7686</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210303</creationdate><title>Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma</title><author>Kaira, Kyoichi ; Imai, Hisao ; Kagamu, Hiroshi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-6162136dc93a7f23fcf44a44456f56f7d5ddd7a7ee3088fa6c1d33ba4996a0e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Case reports</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Histology</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Monoclonal antibodies</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>PD-1 protein</topic><topic>PD-L1 protein</topic><topic>Radiation therapy</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Thorax</topic><topic>Thymus</topic><topic>Tumor cells</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kaira, Kyoichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imai, Hisao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kagamu, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kaira, Kyoichi</au><au>Imai, Hisao</au><au>Kagamu, Hiroshi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma</atitle><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-03-03</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1065</spage><pages>1065-</pages><issn>2072-6694</issn><eissn>2072-6694</eissn><abstract>Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a dismal prognosis, and there are no established therapeutic regimens for metastatic or recurrent disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, are widely approved in several human cancers, contributing to prolonging survival in thoracic tumors. Thymic carcinoma exhibits histologic properties of squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and resembles the SQC of the lung. ICIs are not approved in thymic carcinoma. Thus, several clinical trials have been undertaken to demonstrate if they are therapeutically effective for patients with thymic carcinoma. In our review, three prospective phase II studies and several case series were discussed in thymic carcinoma. We found that the objective response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival in PD-1 blockade monotherapy were approximately 20%, 73%, and four months, respectively. Two exploratory investigations indicated that PD-L1 within tumor cells exhibits a possibility of the therapeutic prediction of PD-1 blockade in thymic carcinoma. Several case reports, alongside their treatment content, have also been reviewed. The therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade monotherapy is still limited in patients with thymic carcinoma. Future perspectives focus on the therapeutic implication of tyrokinase inhibitors plus ICIs or new experimental agents plus ICIs alongside several ongoing experimental studies.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33802298</pmid><doi>10.3390/cancers13051065</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-4255</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-7686</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2072-6694 |
| ispartof | Cancers, 2021-03, Vol.13 (5), p.1065 |
| issn | 2072-6694 2072-6694 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7959131 |
| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Case reports Chemotherapy Clinical trials Disease control Histology Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Metastases Metastasis Monoclonal antibodies Patients PD-1 protein PD-L1 protein Radiation therapy Review Squamous cell carcinoma Thorax Thymus Tumor cells Tumors |
| title | Perspective of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thymic Carcinoma |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-27T14%3A03%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Perspective%20of%20Immune%20Checkpoint%20Inhibitors%20in%20Thymic%20Carcinoma&rft.jtitle=Cancers&rft.au=Kaira,%20Kyoichi&rft.date=2021-03-03&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1065&rft.pages=1065-&rft.issn=2072-6694&rft.eissn=2072-6694&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/cancers13051065&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2498669981%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2498669981&rft_id=info:pmid/33802298&rfr_iscdi=true |