Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infections among U.S.-Bound Congolese Refugees with and without Splenomegaly
All U.S.-bound refugees from sub-Saharan Africa receive presumptive antimalarial treatment before departing for the United States. Among U.S.-bound Congolese refugees, breakthrough malaria cases and persistent splenomegaly have been reported. In response, an enhanced malaria diagnostic program was i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2021-03, Vol.104 (3), p.996-999 |
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| creator | Mwesigwa, Moses Webster, Jessica L Nsobya, Sam Lubwama Rowan, Alexander Basnet, Mukunda Singh Phares, Christina R Weinberg, Michelle Klosovsky, Alexander Naoum, Marwan Rosenthal, Philip J Stauffer, William M |
| description | All U.S.-bound refugees from sub-Saharan Africa receive presumptive antimalarial treatment before departing for the United States. Among U.S.-bound Congolese refugees, breakthrough malaria cases and persistent splenomegaly have been reported. In response, an enhanced malaria diagnostic program was instituted. Here, we report the prevalence of plasmodial infection among 803 U.S.-bound Congolese refugees who received enhanced diagnostics. Infections by either rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or PCR were detected in 187 (23%) refugees, with 78 (10%) by RDT only, 35 (4%) by PCR only, and 74 (9%) by both. Infections identified by PCR included 103 monoinfections (87 Plasmodium falciparum, eight Plasmodium ovale, seven Plasmodium vivax, and one Plasmodium malariae) and six mixed infections. Splenomegaly was associated with malaria detectable by RDT (odds ratio: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0), but not by PCR. Splenomegaly was not strongly associated with parasitemia, indicating that active malaria parasitemia is not necessary for splenomegaly. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0924 |
| format | Article |
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Among U.S.-bound Congolese refugees, breakthrough malaria cases and persistent splenomegaly have been reported. In response, an enhanced malaria diagnostic program was instituted. Here, we report the prevalence of plasmodial infection among 803 U.S.-bound Congolese refugees who received enhanced diagnostics. Infections by either rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or PCR were detected in 187 (23%) refugees, with 78 (10%) by RDT only, 35 (4%) by PCR only, and 74 (9%) by both. Infections identified by PCR included 103 monoinfections (87 Plasmodium falciparum, eight Plasmodium ovale, seven Plasmodium vivax, and one Plasmodium malariae) and six mixed infections. Splenomegaly was associated with malaria detectable by RDT (odds ratio: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0), but not by PCR. Splenomegaly was not strongly associated with parasitemia, indicating that active malaria parasitemia is not necessary for splenomegaly.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9637</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-1645</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0924</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33534754</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Institute of Tropical Medicine</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Congo - epidemiology ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Malaria ; Malaria - diagnosis ; Malaria - drug therapy ; Malaria - epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Refugees - statistics & numerical data ; Splenomegaly - epidemiology ; United States ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2021-03, Vol.104 (3), p.996-999</ispartof><rights>Copyright Institute of Tropical Medicine Mar 2021</rights><rights>The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7941850/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7941850/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33534754$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mwesigwa, Moses</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webster, Jessica L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nsobya, Sam Lubwama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowan, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basnet, Mukunda Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phares, Christina R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinberg, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klosovsky, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naoum, Marwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosenthal, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stauffer, William M</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infections among U.S.-Bound Congolese Refugees with and without Splenomegaly</title><title>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</title><addtitle>Am J Trop Med Hyg</addtitle><description>All U.S.-bound refugees from sub-Saharan Africa receive presumptive antimalarial treatment before departing for the United States. Among U.S.-bound Congolese refugees, breakthrough malaria cases and persistent splenomegaly have been reported. In response, an enhanced malaria diagnostic program was instituted. Here, we report the prevalence of plasmodial infection among 803 U.S.-bound Congolese refugees who received enhanced diagnostics. Infections by either rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or PCR were detected in 187 (23%) refugees, with 78 (10%) by RDT only, 35 (4%) by PCR only, and 74 (9%) by both. Infections identified by PCR included 103 monoinfections (87 Plasmodium falciparum, eight Plasmodium ovale, seven Plasmodium vivax, and one Plasmodium malariae) and six mixed infections. Splenomegaly was associated with malaria detectable by RDT (odds ratio: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0), but not by PCR. Splenomegaly was not strongly associated with parasitemia, indicating that active malaria parasitemia is not necessary for splenomegaly.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Congo - epidemiology</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria - diagnosis</subject><subject>Malaria - drug therapy</subject><subject>Malaria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Refugees - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Splenomegaly - epidemiology</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-9637</issn><issn>1476-1645</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1v1DAQxS0EotvCkSuyxIVLtv52fEGCFYVKRa0oPVtOPN7NksRbOynqf4-Xfgg49DQzmp_evNFD6A0lS8GUOXbbadgsGamIYeIZWlChVUWVkM_RghDCKqO4PkCHOW8JoTWj9CU64FxyoaVYoJ8XCW5cD2MLOAb8zfUudQ5fuORyNwE-HQO0UxfHjN0QxzW-Wl4uq09xHj1elTn2kAF_hzCvATL-1U0b7Mpu38R5wpe7oh0HWLv-9hV6EVyf4fV9PUJXJ59_rL5WZ-dfTlcfz6qWGzNV3rumIaSVngpqABTxwRTvHgiTwTSU8hCco54rDTwIIFIKFjxrdKB16_kR-nCnu5ubAXwL45Rcb3epG1y6tdF19t_N2G3sOt5YbQStJSkC7-8FUryeIU926HILfe9GiHO2TNRKKEG1Lui7_9BtnNNY3rNMKiIoqzV7mmLlJCVKFKq6o9oUc04QHi1TYvdh2z9hW0bsPuzCv_37z0f6IV3-G-3bpyY</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Mwesigwa, Moses</creator><creator>Webster, Jessica L</creator><creator>Nsobya, Sam Lubwama</creator><creator>Rowan, Alexander</creator><creator>Basnet, Mukunda Singh</creator><creator>Phares, Christina R</creator><creator>Weinberg, Michelle</creator><creator>Klosovsky, Alexander</creator><creator>Naoum, Marwan</creator><creator>Rosenthal, Philip J</creator><creator>Stauffer, William M</creator><general>Institute of Tropical Medicine</general><general>The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infections among U.S.-Bound Congolese Refugees with and without Splenomegaly</title><author>Mwesigwa, Moses ; Webster, Jessica L ; Nsobya, Sam Lubwama ; Rowan, Alexander ; Basnet, Mukunda Singh ; Phares, Christina R ; Weinberg, Michelle ; Klosovsky, Alexander ; Naoum, Marwan ; Rosenthal, Philip J ; Stauffer, William M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-ddabb00c5d1419ee60df9001de025f9b113ffaa1d367e3f4e05542fd2b7f18cd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Congo - epidemiology</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Malaria - diagnosis</topic><topic>Malaria - drug therapy</topic><topic>Malaria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Refugees - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Splenomegaly - epidemiology</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mwesigwa, Moses</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webster, Jessica L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nsobya, Sam Lubwama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rowan, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basnet, Mukunda Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phares, Christina R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinberg, Michelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klosovsky, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naoum, Marwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosenthal, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stauffer, William M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mwesigwa, Moses</au><au>Webster, Jessica L</au><au>Nsobya, Sam Lubwama</au><au>Rowan, Alexander</au><au>Basnet, Mukunda Singh</au><au>Phares, Christina R</au><au>Weinberg, Michelle</au><au>Klosovsky, Alexander</au><au>Naoum, Marwan</au><au>Rosenthal, Philip J</au><au>Stauffer, William M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infections among U.S.-Bound Congolese Refugees with and without Splenomegaly</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Trop Med Hyg</addtitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>996</spage><epage>999</epage><pages>996-999</pages><issn>0002-9637</issn><eissn>1476-1645</eissn><abstract>All U.S.-bound refugees from sub-Saharan Africa receive presumptive antimalarial treatment before departing for the United States. Among U.S.-bound Congolese refugees, breakthrough malaria cases and persistent splenomegaly have been reported. In response, an enhanced malaria diagnostic program was instituted. Here, we report the prevalence of plasmodial infection among 803 U.S.-bound Congolese refugees who received enhanced diagnostics. Infections by either rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or PCR were detected in 187 (23%) refugees, with 78 (10%) by RDT only, 35 (4%) by PCR only, and 74 (9%) by both. Infections identified by PCR included 103 monoinfections (87 Plasmodium falciparum, eight Plasmodium ovale, seven Plasmodium vivax, and one Plasmodium malariae) and six mixed infections. Splenomegaly was associated with malaria detectable by RDT (odds ratio: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0), but not by PCR. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool Congo - epidemiology Erythrocytes Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Malaria Malaria - diagnosis Malaria - drug therapy Malaria - epidemiology Male Middle Aged Prevalence Refugees - statistics & numerical data Splenomegaly - epidemiology United States Young Adult |
| title | Prevalence of Malaria Parasite Infections among U.S.-Bound Congolese Refugees with and without Splenomegaly |
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