Reduction in new cardiac electronic device implantations in Catalonia during COVID-19
Abstract Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, concern regarding its effect on the management of non-communicable diseases has been raised. However, there are no data on the impact on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation rates. We aimed to determine the impact of SARS-CoV2 on the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Europace (London, England) England), 2021-03, Vol.23 (3), p.456-463 |
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| creator | Arbelo, Elena Angera, Ignasi Trucco, Emilce Rivas-Gándara, Nuria Guerra, José M Bisbal, Felipe Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel Vallés, Ermengol Martin, Gabriel Sbraga, Fabrizio Tolosana, José María Linhart, Markus Francisco-Pascual, Jaume Montiel-Serrano, José Pereferrer, Damià Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego Jiménez, Jesús Elamrani, Amin Borrás, Roger Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico Benito, Eva Santos-Ortega, Alba Rodríguez-Font, Enrique Sarrias, Axel González-Matos, Carlos E Martí-Almor, Julio Cabrera, Sandra Mont, Lluis |
| description | Abstract
Aims
During the COVID-19 pandemic, concern regarding its effect on the management of non-communicable diseases has been raised. However, there are no data on the impact on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation rates. We aimed to determine the impact of SARS-CoV2 on the monthly incidence rates and type of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantations in Catalonia before and after the declaration of the state of alarm in Spain on 14 March 2020.
Methods and results
Data on new CIED implantations for 2017–20 were prospectively collected by nine hospitals in Catalonia. A mixed model with random intercepts corrected for time was used to estimate the change in monthly CIED implantations. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, an absolute decrease of 56.5% was observed (54.7% in PM and 63.7% in ICD) in CIED implantation rates. Total CIED implantations for 2017–19 and January and February 2020 was 250/month (>195 PM and >55 ICD), decreasing to 207 (161 PM and 46 ICD) in March and 131 (108 PM and 23 ICD) in April 2020. In April 2020, there was a significant fall of 185.25 CIED implantations compared to 2018 [95% confidence interval (CI) 129.6–240.9; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/europace/euab011 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_TOX</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7928966</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1093/europace/euab011</oup_id><sourcerecordid>2490607193</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-ac18391c3bc260283c868cbc8978bfd107bca40c750d84cdbf28c198df844c873</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkctLxDAQxoMovu-epEdBqpOkj-QiyPoEQRDXa0gnqUa6TU3aFf97u-y66MnTDMxvvnl8hBxROKMg-bkdgu802jHRFVC6QXZpzlnKQLLNMQcp05wyuUP2YnwHgJLJfJvscJ7LHAq2S6ZP1gzYO98mrk1a-5mgDsZpTGxjsQ--dZgYO3doEzfrGt32ekHHBT7RvW5GQidmCK59TSaPL_dXKZUHZKvWTbSHq7hPpjfXz5O79OHx9n5y-ZBiVkCfaqSCS4q8QlYAExxFIbBCIUtR1YZCWaHOAMscjMjQVDUTSKUwtcgyFCXfJxdL3W6oZtagbfugG9UFN9PhS3nt1N9K697Uq5-rUjIhi2IUOFkJBP8x2NirmYtom_FO64eoWCahgJJKPqKwRDH4GIOt12MoqIUb6scNtXJjbDn-vd664ef9I3C6BPzQ_S_3DeEgmXw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2490607193</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Reduction in new cardiac electronic device implantations in Catalonia during COVID-19</title><source>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</source><creator>Arbelo, Elena ; Angera, Ignasi ; Trucco, Emilce ; Rivas-Gándara, Nuria ; Guerra, José M ; Bisbal, Felipe ; Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel ; Vallés, Ermengol ; Martin, Gabriel ; Sbraga, Fabrizio ; Tolosana, José María ; Linhart, Markus ; Francisco-Pascual, Jaume ; Montiel-Serrano, José ; Pereferrer, Damià ; Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego ; Jiménez, Jesús ; Elamrani, Amin ; Borrás, Roger ; Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico ; Benito, Eva ; Santos-Ortega, Alba ; Rodríguez-Font, Enrique ; Sarrias, Axel ; González-Matos, Carlos E ; Martí-Almor, Julio ; Cabrera, Sandra ; Mont, Lluis</creator><creatorcontrib>Arbelo, Elena ; Angera, Ignasi ; Trucco, Emilce ; Rivas-Gándara, Nuria ; Guerra, José M ; Bisbal, Felipe ; Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel ; Vallés, Ermengol ; Martin, Gabriel ; Sbraga, Fabrizio ; Tolosana, José María ; Linhart, Markus ; Francisco-Pascual, Jaume ; Montiel-Serrano, José ; Pereferrer, Damià ; Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego ; Jiménez, Jesús ; Elamrani, Amin ; Borrás, Roger ; Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico ; Benito, Eva ; Santos-Ortega, Alba ; Rodríguez-Font, Enrique ; Sarrias, Axel ; González-Matos, Carlos E ; Martí-Almor, Julio ; Cabrera, Sandra ; Mont, Lluis</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract
Aims
During the COVID-19 pandemic, concern regarding its effect on the management of non-communicable diseases has been raised. However, there are no data on the impact on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation rates. We aimed to determine the impact of SARS-CoV2 on the monthly incidence rates and type of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantations in Catalonia before and after the declaration of the state of alarm in Spain on 14 March 2020.
Methods and results
Data on new CIED implantations for 2017–20 were prospectively collected by nine hospitals in Catalonia. A mixed model with random intercepts corrected for time was used to estimate the change in monthly CIED implantations. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, an absolute decrease of 56.5% was observed (54.7% in PM and 63.7% in ICD) in CIED implantation rates. Total CIED implantations for 2017–19 and January and February 2020 was 250/month (>195 PM and >55 ICD), decreasing to 207 (161 PM and 46 ICD) in March and 131 (108 PM and 23 ICD) in April 2020. In April 2020, there was a significant fall of 185.25 CIED implantations compared to 2018 [95% confidence interval (CI) 129.6–240.9; P < 0.001] and of 188 CIED compared to 2019 (95% CI 132.3–243.7; P < 0.001). No significant differences in the type of PM or ICD were observed, nor in the indication for primary or secondary prevention.
Conclusions
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial decrease in CIED implantations was observed in Catalonia. Our findings call for measures to avoid long-term social impact.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1099-5129</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2092</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33595062</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Clinical Research ; COVID-19 ; Defibrillators, Implantable - trends ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial - trends ; Patient Safety ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends ; Prospective Studies ; Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation ; Prosthesis Implantation - trends ; Spain ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Europace (London, England), 2021-03, Vol.23 (3), p.456-463</ispartof><rights>Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2021</rights><rights>Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-ac18391c3bc260283c868cbc8978bfd107bca40c750d84cdbf28c198df844c873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-ac18391c3bc260283c868cbc8978bfd107bca40c750d84cdbf28c198df844c873</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4843-7063 ; 0000-0003-0424-6393</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928966/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928966/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1604,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euab011$$EView_record_in_Oxford_University_Press$$FView_record_in_$$GOxford_University_Press</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33595062$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arbelo, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angera, Ignasi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trucco, Emilce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivas-Gándara, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guerra, José M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bisbal, Felipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallés, Ermengol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sbraga, Fabrizio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tolosana, José María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linhart, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Francisco-Pascual, Jaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montiel-Serrano, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereferrer, Damià</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez, Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elamrani, Amin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borrás, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benito, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos-Ortega, Alba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Font, Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarrias, Axel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Matos, Carlos E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martí-Almor, Julio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cabrera, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mont, Lluis</creatorcontrib><title>Reduction in new cardiac electronic device implantations in Catalonia during COVID-19</title><title>Europace (London, England)</title><addtitle>Europace</addtitle><description>Abstract
Aims
During the COVID-19 pandemic, concern regarding its effect on the management of non-communicable diseases has been raised. However, there are no data on the impact on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation rates. We aimed to determine the impact of SARS-CoV2 on the monthly incidence rates and type of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantations in Catalonia before and after the declaration of the state of alarm in Spain on 14 March 2020.
Methods and results
Data on new CIED implantations for 2017–20 were prospectively collected by nine hospitals in Catalonia. A mixed model with random intercepts corrected for time was used to estimate the change in monthly CIED implantations. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, an absolute decrease of 56.5% was observed (54.7% in PM and 63.7% in ICD) in CIED implantation rates. Total CIED implantations for 2017–19 and January and February 2020 was 250/month (>195 PM and >55 ICD), decreasing to 207 (161 PM and 46 ICD) in March and 131 (108 PM and 23 ICD) in April 2020. In April 2020, there was a significant fall of 185.25 CIED implantations compared to 2018 [95% confidence interval (CI) 129.6–240.9; P < 0.001] and of 188 CIED compared to 2019 (95% CI 132.3–243.7; P < 0.001). No significant differences in the type of PM or ICD were observed, nor in the indication for primary or secondary prevention.
Conclusions
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial decrease in CIED implantations was observed in Catalonia. Our findings call for measures to avoid long-term social impact.</description><subject>Clinical Research</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Defibrillators, Implantable - trends</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Pacemaker, Artificial - trends</subject><subject>Patient Safety</subject><subject>Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation</subject><subject>Prosthesis Implantation - trends</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>1099-5129</issn><issn>1532-2092</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctLxDAQxoMovu-epEdBqpOkj-QiyPoEQRDXa0gnqUa6TU3aFf97u-y66MnTDMxvvnl8hBxROKMg-bkdgu802jHRFVC6QXZpzlnKQLLNMQcp05wyuUP2YnwHgJLJfJvscJ7LHAq2S6ZP1gzYO98mrk1a-5mgDsZpTGxjsQ--dZgYO3doEzfrGt32ekHHBT7RvW5GQidmCK59TSaPL_dXKZUHZKvWTbSHq7hPpjfXz5O79OHx9n5y-ZBiVkCfaqSCS4q8QlYAExxFIbBCIUtR1YZCWaHOAMscjMjQVDUTSKUwtcgyFCXfJxdL3W6oZtagbfugG9UFN9PhS3nt1N9K697Uq5-rUjIhi2IUOFkJBP8x2NirmYtom_FO64eoWCahgJJKPqKwRDH4GIOt12MoqIUb6scNtXJjbDn-vd664ef9I3C6BPzQ_S_3DeEgmXw</recordid><startdate>20210308</startdate><enddate>20210308</enddate><creator>Arbelo, Elena</creator><creator>Angera, Ignasi</creator><creator>Trucco, Emilce</creator><creator>Rivas-Gándara, Nuria</creator><creator>Guerra, José M</creator><creator>Bisbal, Felipe</creator><creator>Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel</creator><creator>Vallés, Ermengol</creator><creator>Martin, Gabriel</creator><creator>Sbraga, Fabrizio</creator><creator>Tolosana, José María</creator><creator>Linhart, Markus</creator><creator>Francisco-Pascual, Jaume</creator><creator>Montiel-Serrano, José</creator><creator>Pereferrer, Damià</creator><creator>Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego</creator><creator>Jiménez, Jesús</creator><creator>Elamrani, Amin</creator><creator>Borrás, Roger</creator><creator>Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico</creator><creator>Benito, Eva</creator><creator>Santos-Ortega, Alba</creator><creator>Rodríguez-Font, Enrique</creator><creator>Sarrias, Axel</creator><creator>González-Matos, Carlos E</creator><creator>Martí-Almor, Julio</creator><creator>Cabrera, Sandra</creator><creator>Mont, Lluis</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-7063</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-6393</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210308</creationdate><title>Reduction in new cardiac electronic device implantations in Catalonia during COVID-19</title><author>Arbelo, Elena ; Angera, Ignasi ; Trucco, Emilce ; Rivas-Gándara, Nuria ; Guerra, José M ; Bisbal, Felipe ; Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel ; Vallés, Ermengol ; Martin, Gabriel ; Sbraga, Fabrizio ; Tolosana, José María ; Linhart, Markus ; Francisco-Pascual, Jaume ; Montiel-Serrano, José ; Pereferrer, Damià ; Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego ; Jiménez, Jesús ; Elamrani, Amin ; Borrás, Roger ; Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico ; Benito, Eva ; Santos-Ortega, Alba ; Rodríguez-Font, Enrique ; Sarrias, Axel ; González-Matos, Carlos E ; Martí-Almor, Julio ; Cabrera, Sandra ; Mont, Lluis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c460t-ac18391c3bc260283c868cbc8978bfd107bca40c750d84cdbf28c198df844c873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Clinical Research</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Defibrillators, Implantable - trends</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Pacemaker, Artificial - trends</topic><topic>Patient Safety</topic><topic>Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation</topic><topic>Prosthesis Implantation - trends</topic><topic>Spain</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Arbelo, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Angera, Ignasi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trucco, Emilce</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivas-Gándara, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guerra, José M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bisbal, Felipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallés, Ermengol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sbraga, Fabrizio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tolosana, José María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linhart, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Francisco-Pascual, Jaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montiel-Serrano, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereferrer, Damià</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez, Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elamrani, Amin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borrás, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benito, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santos-Ortega, Alba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Font, Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarrias, Axel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Matos, Carlos E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martí-Almor, Julio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cabrera, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mont, Lluis</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Europace (London, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arbelo, Elena</au><au>Angera, Ignasi</au><au>Trucco, Emilce</au><au>Rivas-Gándara, Nuria</au><au>Guerra, José M</au><au>Bisbal, Felipe</au><au>Jáuregui-Abularach, Miguel</au><au>Vallés, Ermengol</au><au>Martin, Gabriel</au><au>Sbraga, Fabrizio</au><au>Tolosana, José María</au><au>Linhart, Markus</au><au>Francisco-Pascual, Jaume</au><au>Montiel-Serrano, José</au><au>Pereferrer, Damià</au><au>Menéndez-Ramírez, Diego</au><au>Jiménez, Jesús</au><au>Elamrani, Amin</au><au>Borrás, Roger</au><au>Dallaglio, Paolo Domenico</au><au>Benito, Eva</au><au>Santos-Ortega, Alba</au><au>Rodríguez-Font, Enrique</au><au>Sarrias, Axel</au><au>González-Matos, Carlos E</au><au>Martí-Almor, Julio</au><au>Cabrera, Sandra</au><au>Mont, Lluis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reduction in new cardiac electronic device implantations in Catalonia during COVID-19</atitle><jtitle>Europace (London, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Europace</addtitle><date>2021-03-08</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>456</spage><epage>463</epage><pages>456-463</pages><issn>1099-5129</issn><eissn>1532-2092</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Aims
During the COVID-19 pandemic, concern regarding its effect on the management of non-communicable diseases has been raised. However, there are no data on the impact on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation rates. We aimed to determine the impact of SARS-CoV2 on the monthly incidence rates and type of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantations in Catalonia before and after the declaration of the state of alarm in Spain on 14 March 2020.
Methods and results
Data on new CIED implantations for 2017–20 were prospectively collected by nine hospitals in Catalonia. A mixed model with random intercepts corrected for time was used to estimate the change in monthly CIED implantations. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, an absolute decrease of 56.5% was observed (54.7% in PM and 63.7% in ICD) in CIED implantation rates. Total CIED implantations for 2017–19 and January and February 2020 was 250/month (>195 PM and >55 ICD), decreasing to 207 (161 PM and 46 ICD) in March and 131 (108 PM and 23 ICD) in April 2020. In April 2020, there was a significant fall of 185.25 CIED implantations compared to 2018 [95% confidence interval (CI) 129.6–240.9; P < 0.001] and of 188 CIED compared to 2019 (95% CI 132.3–243.7; P < 0.001). No significant differences in the type of PM or ICD were observed, nor in the indication for primary or secondary prevention.
Conclusions
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial decrease in CIED implantations was observed in Catalonia. Our findings call for measures to avoid long-term social impact.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33595062</pmid><doi>10.1093/europace/euab011</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4843-7063</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-6393</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Europace (London, England), 2021-03, Vol.23 (3), p.456-463 |
| issn | 1099-5129 1532-2092 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7928966 |
| source | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection |
| subjects | Clinical Research COVID-19 Defibrillators, Implantable - trends Humans Pacemaker, Artificial - trends Patient Safety Practice Patterns, Physicians' - trends Prospective Studies Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation Prosthesis Implantation - trends Spain Time Factors |
| title | Reduction in new cardiac electronic device implantations in Catalonia during COVID-19 |
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