Role of Zinc (Zn) in Human Reproduction: A Journey from Initial Spermatogenesis to Childbirth
Zinc (Zn), the second-most necessary trace element, is abundant in the human body. The human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for various functions and metabolism. The uptake of Zn during its transport through the body is important for proper developm...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.2188 |
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| creator | Vickram, Sundaram Rohini, Karunakaran Srinivasan, Subramanian Nancy Veenakumari, David Archana, Kumar Anbarasu, Krishnan Jeyanthi, Palanivelu Thanigaivel, Sundaram Gulothungan, Govindarajan Rajendiran, Nanmaran Srikumar, Padmalayam Sadanandan |
| description | Zinc (Zn), the second-most necessary trace element, is abundant in the human body. The human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for various functions and metabolism. The uptake of Zn during its transport through the body is important for proper development of the three major accessory sex glands: the testis, epididymis, and prostate. It plays key roles in the initial stages of germ cell development and spermatogenesis, sperm cell development and maturation, ejaculation, liquefaction, the binding of spermatozoa and prostasomes, capacitation, and fertilization. The prostate releases more Zn into the seminal plasma during ejaculation, and it plays a significant role in sperm release and motility. During the maternal, labor, perinatal, and neonatal periods, the part of Zn is vital. The average dietary intake of Zn is in the range of 8-12 mg/day in developing countries during the maternal period. Globally, the dietary intake of Zn varies for pregnant and lactating mothers, but the average Zn intake is in the range of 9.6-11.2 mg/day. The absence of Zn and the consequences of this have been discussed using critical evidence. The events and functions of Zn related to successful fertilization have been summarized in detail. Briefly, our current review emphasizes the role of Zn at each stage of human reproduction, from the spermatogenesis process to childbirth. The role of Zn and its supplementation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) opens opportunities for future studies on reproductive biology. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms22042188 |
| format | Article |
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The human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for various functions and metabolism. The uptake of Zn during its transport through the body is important for proper development of the three major accessory sex glands: the testis, epididymis, and prostate. It plays key roles in the initial stages of germ cell development and spermatogenesis, sperm cell development and maturation, ejaculation, liquefaction, the binding of spermatozoa and prostasomes, capacitation, and fertilization. The prostate releases more Zn into the seminal plasma during ejaculation, and it plays a significant role in sperm release and motility. During the maternal, labor, perinatal, and neonatal periods, the part of Zn is vital. The average dietary intake of Zn is in the range of 8-12 mg/day in developing countries during the maternal period. Globally, the dietary intake of Zn varies for pregnant and lactating mothers, but the average Zn intake is in the range of 9.6-11.2 mg/day. The absence of Zn and the consequences of this have been discussed using critical evidence. The events and functions of Zn related to successful fertilization have been summarized in detail. Briefly, our current review emphasizes the role of Zn at each stage of human reproduction, from the spermatogenesis process to childbirth. The role of Zn and its supplementation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) opens opportunities for future studies on reproductive biology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042188</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33671837</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Capacitation ; Childbirth & labor ; Developing countries ; Dietary intake ; Ejaculation ; Epididymis ; Females ; Glands ; Hormones ; Human body ; In vitro fertilization ; Infertility ; Kinases ; LDCs ; Liquefaction ; Motility ; Neonates ; Prostate ; Review ; Sex glands ; Sperm ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Testes ; Trace elements ; Transcription factors</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.2188</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-cf0baabc094104956105e31e752d583f7b7add61273c8fe79463edeada4b0b483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-cf0baabc094104956105e31e752d583f7b7add61273c8fe79463edeada4b0b483</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7076-192X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926410/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926410/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671837$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vickram, Sundaram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rohini, Karunakaran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srinivasan, Subramanian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nancy Veenakumari, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archana, Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anbarasu, Krishnan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeyanthi, Palanivelu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thanigaivel, Sundaram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gulothungan, Govindarajan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajendiran, Nanmaran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srikumar, Padmalayam Sadanandan</creatorcontrib><title>Role of Zinc (Zn) in Human Reproduction: A Journey from Initial Spermatogenesis to Childbirth</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Zinc (Zn), the second-most necessary trace element, is abundant in the human body. The human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for various functions and metabolism. The uptake of Zn during its transport through the body is important for proper development of the three major accessory sex glands: the testis, epididymis, and prostate. It plays key roles in the initial stages of germ cell development and spermatogenesis, sperm cell development and maturation, ejaculation, liquefaction, the binding of spermatozoa and prostasomes, capacitation, and fertilization. The prostate releases more Zn into the seminal plasma during ejaculation, and it plays a significant role in sperm release and motility. During the maternal, labor, perinatal, and neonatal periods, the part of Zn is vital. The average dietary intake of Zn is in the range of 8-12 mg/day in developing countries during the maternal period. Globally, the dietary intake of Zn varies for pregnant and lactating mothers, but the average Zn intake is in the range of 9.6-11.2 mg/day. The absence of Zn and the consequences of this have been discussed using critical evidence. The events and functions of Zn related to successful fertilization have been summarized in detail. Briefly, our current review emphasizes the role of Zn at each stage of human reproduction, from the spermatogenesis process to childbirth. 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The human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for various functions and metabolism. The uptake of Zn during its transport through the body is important for proper development of the three major accessory sex glands: the testis, epididymis, and prostate. It plays key roles in the initial stages of germ cell development and spermatogenesis, sperm cell development and maturation, ejaculation, liquefaction, the binding of spermatozoa and prostasomes, capacitation, and fertilization. The prostate releases more Zn into the seminal plasma during ejaculation, and it plays a significant role in sperm release and motility. During the maternal, labor, perinatal, and neonatal periods, the part of Zn is vital. The average dietary intake of Zn is in the range of 8-12 mg/day in developing countries during the maternal period. Globally, the dietary intake of Zn varies for pregnant and lactating mothers, but the average Zn intake is in the range of 9.6-11.2 mg/day. The absence of Zn and the consequences of this have been discussed using critical evidence. The events and functions of Zn related to successful fertilization have been summarized in detail. Briefly, our current review emphasizes the role of Zn at each stage of human reproduction, from the spermatogenesis process to childbirth. The role of Zn and its supplementation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) opens opportunities for future studies on reproductive biology.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33671837</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms22042188</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-192X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Apoptosis Capacitation Childbirth & labor Developing countries Dietary intake Ejaculation Epididymis Females Glands Hormones Human body In vitro fertilization Infertility Kinases LDCs Liquefaction Motility Neonates Prostate Review Sex glands Sperm Spermatogenesis Spermatozoa Testes Trace elements Transcription factors |
| title | Role of Zinc (Zn) in Human Reproduction: A Journey from Initial Spermatogenesis to Childbirth |
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