Bioinformatics Analyses Indicate That Cathepsin G (CTSG) is a Potential Immune-Related Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
Plenty of studies showed that the immune system was associated with cancer initiation and progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic biomarkers from immune-related genes (IRGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and I...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | OncoTargets and therapy 2021-01, Vol.14, p.1275-1289 |
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| creator | Huang, Guang-Zhao Wu, Qing-Qing Zheng, Ze-Nan Shao, Ting-Ru Li, Fei Lu, Xin-Yan Ye, Heng-Yu Chen, Gao-Xiang Song, Yu-Xing Zeng, Wei-Sen Ai, Yi-Long Lv, Xiao-Zhi |
| description | Plenty of studies showed that the immune system was associated with cancer initiation and progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic biomarkers from immune-related genes (IRGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) were extracted. Then, the co-expression network between IRGs and TFs was constructed using the "WGCNA" package in R software. Furthermore, a gene expression signature according to IRGs was constructed to predict OSCC prognosis and its accuracy was validated by survival analysis. Subsequently, correlation analyses between risk-score and immune cells level and clinical parameters were performed. Finally, immune-related biomarkers were selected and further investigated using gain-of-function assays in vitro.
A total of 32 normal cases and 317 OSCC cases were selected in our study. Differentially-expressed analysis indicated that there were 381 differentially-expressed IRGs and 62 TFs in OSCC. Among them, 25 TFs and 21 IRGs were enrolled in the co-expression network. Furthermore, we found that gene expression signature on the basis of 10 IRGs could predict the prognosis accurately and a high-risk score based on gene expression signature meant a high T classification, terminal clinical stage, and low immune cells level in OSCC. Finally, cathepsin G (CTSG) was identified as a potential immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target in OSCC.
In conclusion, IRGs were directly involved in the development and progression of OSCC. Furthermore, CTSG was identified as a potential independent biomarker and might be an immunotherapeutic target in OSCC treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2147/OTT.S293148 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7920606</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2501886990</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-9a59987a23dc7bf6fcae0be8fea7b5ffb08036b2302f565584fd670f1527dde13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkV1rFDEUhoMotlavvJeAN1tkaj4mXzdCHXRdKKy443XIZBI3dSazTWaE_gL_tildS_UqgTzn5Tl5AXiN0QXBtXi_bduLHVEU1_IJOMVYyIorip4-up-AFzlfI8S5JPVzcEIpZ1Iodgp-fwxTiH5Ko5mDzfAymuE2uww3sQ_WzA62ezPDxsx7d8ghwjVcNe1ufQ5DhgZ-nWYX52AGuBnHJbrqmxvKUA9L7GjST5dgmdmmAuxuFjNOS4aNG4YSmGyIhYGr7a5pzl-CZ94M2b06nmfg--dPbfOlutquN83lVWVrhudKGaaUFIbQ3orOc2-NQ52T3hnRMe87JBHlHaGIeMYZk7XvuUAeMyL63mF6Bj7c5x6WbnS9LfZFTh9SKLq3ejJB__sSw17_mH5poQjiiJeA1TEgTTeLy7MeQ7ZlJRNd2U6TWgmMiSR36Nv_0OtpSeWDC8UQlpIrhQr17p6yaco5Of8gg5G-K1iXgvWx4EK_eez_wP5tlP4BTYahag</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2501886990</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Bioinformatics Analyses Indicate That Cathepsin G (CTSG) is a Potential Immune-Related Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)</title><source>Taylor & Francis Open Access</source><source>DOVE Medical Press OA Journals</source><source>EZB Free E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Huang, Guang-Zhao ; Wu, Qing-Qing ; Zheng, Ze-Nan ; Shao, Ting-Ru ; Li, Fei ; Lu, Xin-Yan ; Ye, Heng-Yu ; Chen, Gao-Xiang ; Song, Yu-Xing ; Zeng, Wei-Sen ; Ai, Yi-Long ; Lv, Xiao-Zhi</creator><creatorcontrib>Huang, Guang-Zhao ; Wu, Qing-Qing ; Zheng, Ze-Nan ; Shao, Ting-Ru ; Li, Fei ; Lu, Xin-Yan ; Ye, Heng-Yu ; Chen, Gao-Xiang ; Song, Yu-Xing ; Zeng, Wei-Sen ; Ai, Yi-Long ; Lv, Xiao-Zhi</creatorcontrib><description>Plenty of studies showed that the immune system was associated with cancer initiation and progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic biomarkers from immune-related genes (IRGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) were extracted. Then, the co-expression network between IRGs and TFs was constructed using the "WGCNA" package in R software. Furthermore, a gene expression signature according to IRGs was constructed to predict OSCC prognosis and its accuracy was validated by survival analysis. Subsequently, correlation analyses between risk-score and immune cells level and clinical parameters were performed. Finally, immune-related biomarkers were selected and further investigated using gain-of-function assays in vitro.
A total of 32 normal cases and 317 OSCC cases were selected in our study. Differentially-expressed analysis indicated that there were 381 differentially-expressed IRGs and 62 TFs in OSCC. Among them, 25 TFs and 21 IRGs were enrolled in the co-expression network. Furthermore, we found that gene expression signature on the basis of 10 IRGs could predict the prognosis accurately and a high-risk score based on gene expression signature meant a high T classification, terminal clinical stage, and low immune cells level in OSCC. Finally, cathepsin G (CTSG) was identified as a potential immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target in OSCC.
In conclusion, IRGs were directly involved in the development and progression of OSCC. Furthermore, CTSG was identified as a potential independent biomarker and might be an immunotherapeutic target in OSCC treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1178-6930</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1178-6930</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S293148</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33658795</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Zealand: Taylor & Francis Ltd</publisher><subject>Bioinformatics ; Biomarkers ; Cancer ; Cathepsin G ; Correlation analysis ; Gene expression ; Genomes ; Immune system ; Medical prognosis ; Metastasis ; Oral cancer ; Oral squamous cell carcinoma ; Original Research ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; Regression analysis ; Software ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Survival analysis ; Therapeutic targets ; Transcription factors ; Tumorigenesis</subject><ispartof>OncoTargets and therapy, 2021-01, Vol.14, p.1275-1289</ispartof><rights>2021 Huang et al.</rights><rights>2021. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Huang et al. 2021 Huang et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-9a59987a23dc7bf6fcae0be8fea7b5ffb08036b2302f565584fd670f1527dde13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-9a59987a23dc7bf6fcae0be8fea7b5ffb08036b2302f565584fd670f1527dde13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8931-3630</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920606/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920606/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,3849,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33658795$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huang, Guang-Zhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Qing-Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Ze-Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shao, Ting-Ru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xin-Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Heng-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Gao-Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yu-Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Wei-Sen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ai, Yi-Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lv, Xiao-Zhi</creatorcontrib><title>Bioinformatics Analyses Indicate That Cathepsin G (CTSG) is a Potential Immune-Related Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)</title><title>OncoTargets and therapy</title><addtitle>Onco Targets Ther</addtitle><description>Plenty of studies showed that the immune system was associated with cancer initiation and progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic biomarkers from immune-related genes (IRGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) were extracted. Then, the co-expression network between IRGs and TFs was constructed using the "WGCNA" package in R software. Furthermore, a gene expression signature according to IRGs was constructed to predict OSCC prognosis and its accuracy was validated by survival analysis. Subsequently, correlation analyses between risk-score and immune cells level and clinical parameters were performed. Finally, immune-related biomarkers were selected and further investigated using gain-of-function assays in vitro.
A total of 32 normal cases and 317 OSCC cases were selected in our study. Differentially-expressed analysis indicated that there were 381 differentially-expressed IRGs and 62 TFs in OSCC. Among them, 25 TFs and 21 IRGs were enrolled in the co-expression network. Furthermore, we found that gene expression signature on the basis of 10 IRGs could predict the prognosis accurately and a high-risk score based on gene expression signature meant a high T classification, terminal clinical stage, and low immune cells level in OSCC. Finally, cathepsin G (CTSG) was identified as a potential immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target in OSCC.
In conclusion, IRGs were directly involved in the development and progression of OSCC. Furthermore, CTSG was identified as a potential independent biomarker and might be an immunotherapeutic target in OSCC treatment.</description><subject>Bioinformatics</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cathepsin G</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Oral cancer</subject><subject>Oral squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Survival analysis</subject><subject>Therapeutic targets</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Tumorigenesis</subject><issn>1178-6930</issn><issn>1178-6930</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1rFDEUhoMotlavvJeAN1tkaj4mXzdCHXRdKKy443XIZBI3dSazTWaE_gL_tildS_UqgTzn5Tl5AXiN0QXBtXi_bduLHVEU1_IJOMVYyIorip4-up-AFzlfI8S5JPVzcEIpZ1Iodgp-fwxTiH5Ko5mDzfAymuE2uww3sQ_WzA62ezPDxsx7d8ghwjVcNe1ufQ5DhgZ-nWYX52AGuBnHJbrqmxvKUA9L7GjST5dgmdmmAuxuFjNOS4aNG4YSmGyIhYGr7a5pzl-CZ94M2b06nmfg--dPbfOlutquN83lVWVrhudKGaaUFIbQ3orOc2-NQ52T3hnRMe87JBHlHaGIeMYZk7XvuUAeMyL63mF6Bj7c5x6WbnS9LfZFTh9SKLq3ejJB__sSw17_mH5poQjiiJeA1TEgTTeLy7MeQ7ZlJRNd2U6TWgmMiSR36Nv_0OtpSeWDC8UQlpIrhQr17p6yaco5Of8gg5G-K1iXgvWx4EK_eez_wP5tlP4BTYahag</recordid><startdate>20210101</startdate><enddate>20210101</enddate><creator>Huang, Guang-Zhao</creator><creator>Wu, Qing-Qing</creator><creator>Zheng, Ze-Nan</creator><creator>Shao, Ting-Ru</creator><creator>Li, Fei</creator><creator>Lu, Xin-Yan</creator><creator>Ye, Heng-Yu</creator><creator>Chen, Gao-Xiang</creator><creator>Song, Yu-Xing</creator><creator>Zeng, Wei-Sen</creator><creator>Ai, Yi-Long</creator><creator>Lv, Xiao-Zhi</creator><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><general>Dove</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-3630</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210101</creationdate><title>Bioinformatics Analyses Indicate That Cathepsin G (CTSG) is a Potential Immune-Related Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)</title><author>Huang, Guang-Zhao ; Wu, Qing-Qing ; Zheng, Ze-Nan ; Shao, Ting-Ru ; Li, Fei ; Lu, Xin-Yan ; Ye, Heng-Yu ; Chen, Gao-Xiang ; Song, Yu-Xing ; Zeng, Wei-Sen ; Ai, Yi-Long ; Lv, Xiao-Zhi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-9a59987a23dc7bf6fcae0be8fea7b5ffb08036b2302f565584fd670f1527dde13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Bioinformatics</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cathepsin G</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Oral cancer</topic><topic>Oral squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Survival analysis</topic><topic>Therapeutic targets</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><topic>Tumorigenesis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huang, Guang-Zhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Qing-Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Ze-Nan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shao, Ting-Ru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Xin-Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Heng-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Gao-Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yu-Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Wei-Sen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ai, Yi-Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lv, Xiao-Zhi</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>OncoTargets and therapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Guang-Zhao</au><au>Wu, Qing-Qing</au><au>Zheng, Ze-Nan</au><au>Shao, Ting-Ru</au><au>Li, Fei</au><au>Lu, Xin-Yan</au><au>Ye, Heng-Yu</au><au>Chen, Gao-Xiang</au><au>Song, Yu-Xing</au><au>Zeng, Wei-Sen</au><au>Ai, Yi-Long</au><au>Lv, Xiao-Zhi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bioinformatics Analyses Indicate That Cathepsin G (CTSG) is a Potential Immune-Related Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)</atitle><jtitle>OncoTargets and therapy</jtitle><addtitle>Onco Targets Ther</addtitle><date>2021-01-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>14</volume><spage>1275</spage><epage>1289</epage><pages>1275-1289</pages><issn>1178-6930</issn><eissn>1178-6930</eissn><abstract>Plenty of studies showed that the immune system was associated with cancer initiation and progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic biomarkers from immune-related genes (IRGs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
RNA-seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) were extracted. Then, the co-expression network between IRGs and TFs was constructed using the "WGCNA" package in R software. Furthermore, a gene expression signature according to IRGs was constructed to predict OSCC prognosis and its accuracy was validated by survival analysis. Subsequently, correlation analyses between risk-score and immune cells level and clinical parameters were performed. Finally, immune-related biomarkers were selected and further investigated using gain-of-function assays in vitro.
A total of 32 normal cases and 317 OSCC cases were selected in our study. Differentially-expressed analysis indicated that there were 381 differentially-expressed IRGs and 62 TFs in OSCC. Among them, 25 TFs and 21 IRGs were enrolled in the co-expression network. Furthermore, we found that gene expression signature on the basis of 10 IRGs could predict the prognosis accurately and a high-risk score based on gene expression signature meant a high T classification, terminal clinical stage, and low immune cells level in OSCC. Finally, cathepsin G (CTSG) was identified as a potential immune-related biomarker and therapeutic target in OSCC.
In conclusion, IRGs were directly involved in the development and progression of OSCC. Furthermore, CTSG was identified as a potential independent biomarker and might be an immunotherapeutic target in OSCC treatment.</abstract><cop>New Zealand</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis Ltd</pub><pmid>33658795</pmid><doi>10.2147/OTT.S293148</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-3630</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bioinformatics Biomarkers Cancer Cathepsin G Correlation analysis Gene expression Genomes Immune system Medical prognosis Metastasis Oral cancer Oral squamous cell carcinoma Original Research Prognosis Proteins Regression analysis Software Squamous cell carcinoma Survival analysis Therapeutic targets Transcription factors Tumorigenesis |
| title | Bioinformatics Analyses Indicate That Cathepsin G (CTSG) is a Potential Immune-Related Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) |
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