Genetic Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration can cause chronic lower back pain (LBP), leading to disability. Despite significant advances in the treatment of discogenic LBP, the limitations of current treatments have sparked interest in biological approaches, including growth factor and stem cell injectio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.1579 |
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| creator | Roh, Eun Ji Darai, Anjani Kyung, Jae Won Choi, Hyemin Kwon, Su Yeon Bhujel, Basanta Kim, Kyoung Tae Han, Inbo |
| description | Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration can cause chronic lower back pain (LBP), leading to disability. Despite significant advances in the treatment of discogenic LBP, the limitations of current treatments have sparked interest in biological approaches, including growth factor and stem cell injection, as new treatment options for patients with chronic LBP due to IVD degeneration (IVDD). Gene therapy represents exciting new possibilities for IVDD treatment, but treatment is still in its infancy. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to provide an overview of the principles and current state of gene therapy for IVDD. Gene transfer to degenerated disc cells in vitro and in animal models is reviewed. In addition, this review describes the use of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in vitro and in animal models. Significant technological advances in recent years have opened the door to a new generation of intradiscal gene therapy for the treatment of chronic discogenic LBP. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms22041579 |
| format | Article |
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Despite significant advances in the treatment of discogenic LBP, the limitations of current treatments have sparked interest in biological approaches, including growth factor and stem cell injection, as new treatment options for patients with chronic LBP due to IVD degeneration (IVDD). Gene therapy represents exciting new possibilities for IVDD treatment, but treatment is still in its infancy. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to provide an overview of the principles and current state of gene therapy for IVDD. Gene transfer to degenerated disc cells in vitro and in animal models is reviewed. In addition, this review describes the use of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in vitro and in animal models. Significant technological advances in recent years have opened the door to a new generation of intradiscal gene therapy for the treatment of chronic discogenic LBP.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041579</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33557287</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Back pain ; Bones ; Cartilage ; Collagen ; CRISPR ; Cytokines ; Degeneration ; Degenerative disc disease ; Gene Editing ; Gene expression ; Gene silencing ; Gene therapy ; Genetic modification ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors - administration & dosage ; Genome editing ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Hydration ; Hypoxia ; Inflammation ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - genetics ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - therapy ; Intervertebral discs ; Literature reviews ; Low back pain ; Rapamycin ; Review ; RNA-mediated interference ; Senescence ; Stem cells ; Surgery ; Tissue engineering ; TOR protein ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Vertebrae</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.1579</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). 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Despite significant advances in the treatment of discogenic LBP, the limitations of current treatments have sparked interest in biological approaches, including growth factor and stem cell injection, as new treatment options for patients with chronic LBP due to IVD degeneration (IVDD). Gene therapy represents exciting new possibilities for IVDD treatment, but treatment is still in its infancy. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to provide an overview of the principles and current state of gene therapy for IVDD. Gene transfer to degenerated disc cells in vitro and in animal models is reviewed. In addition, this review describes the use of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in vitro and in animal models. 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Despite significant advances in the treatment of discogenic LBP, the limitations of current treatments have sparked interest in biological approaches, including growth factor and stem cell injection, as new treatment options for patients with chronic LBP due to IVD degeneration (IVDD). Gene therapy represents exciting new possibilities for IVDD treatment, but treatment is still in its infancy. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to provide an overview of the principles and current state of gene therapy for IVDD. Gene transfer to degenerated disc cells in vitro and in animal models is reviewed. In addition, this review describes the use of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in vitro and in animal models. Significant technological advances in recent years have opened the door to a new generation of intradiscal gene therapy for the treatment of chronic discogenic LBP.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33557287</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms22041579</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-9325</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-6854</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-9697</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animal models Animals Apoptosis Autophagy Back pain Bones Cartilage Collagen CRISPR Cytokines Degeneration Degenerative disc disease Gene Editing Gene expression Gene silencing Gene therapy Genetic modification Genetic Therapy Genetic Vectors - administration & dosage Genome editing Growth factors Humans Hydration Hypoxia Inflammation Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - genetics Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - therapy Intervertebral discs Literature reviews Low back pain Rapamycin Review RNA-mediated interference Senescence Stem cells Surgery Tissue engineering TOR protein Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Vertebrae |
| title | Genetic Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
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