The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010-2016
Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine p...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-02, Vol.18 (4), p.1463 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | |
---|---|
container_issue | 4 |
container_start_page | 1463 |
container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
container_volume | 18 |
creator | Kwag, Youngrin Kim, Min-Ho Ye, Shinhee Oh, Jongmin Yim, Gyeyoon Kim, Young Ju Kim, Eunji Lee, Semi Koh, Tai Kyung Ha, Eunhee |
description | Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM
) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
We used 2010-2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM
concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM
and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM
concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m
and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM
exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM
exposure and temperature on preterm birth.
In a model that includes three trimesters of PM
and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM
and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM
exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph18041463 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7914592</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2487457900</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-a4196e6fb95d4394bd9dae2830163f6cb8c23be3769cd9e77b43a24a878f697d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVUVFLwzAQDqK4OX31UQK-Wk2aNGleBB2bChMHzueQNlfbsTYzTQX_vZXNsb3cHffdffdxH0KXlNwypshdtQS_LmlKOOWCHaEhFYJEXBB6vFcP0FnbLglhKRfqFA0YSxLJGB0iuygBj12dVQ1YPCkKyEOLXYGnfQPPjQ9V3q1MAPxqQgCPTWPxAuo1eBM6D9g1eO6hR2r8WPlQ4qrB7-C61Q2OCSVRH8Q5OinMqoWLbR6hj-lkMX6OZm9PL-OHWZRzmobIcKoEiCJTieVM8cwqayBOWU_BCpFnaR6zDJgUKrcKpMw4MzE3qUwLoaRlI3S_4V13WQ02hyZ4s9JrX9XG_2hnKn2INFWpP923loryRMU9wfWWwLuvDtqgl67zTa9ZxzyVPJGqf-II3W6mcu_a1kOxu0CJ_nNFH7rSL1zt69qN_9vAfgEZSYhz</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2487457900</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010-2016</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Kwag, Youngrin ; Kim, Min-Ho ; Ye, Shinhee ; Oh, Jongmin ; Yim, Gyeyoon ; Kim, Young Ju ; Kim, Eunji ; Lee, Semi ; Koh, Tai Kyung ; Ha, Eunhee</creator><creatorcontrib>Kwag, Youngrin ; Kim, Min-Ho ; Ye, Shinhee ; Oh, Jongmin ; Yim, Gyeyoon ; Kim, Young Ju ; Kim, Eunji ; Lee, Semi ; Koh, Tai Kyung ; Ha, Eunhee</creatorcontrib><description>Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM
) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
We used 2010-2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM
concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM
and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM
concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m
and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM
exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM
exposure and temperature on preterm birth.
In a model that includes three trimesters of PM
and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM
and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM
exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures (<3.4 °C) during TR1 (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.061-1.213,
< 0.001).
When we assumed the interaction between PM
exposure and temperature exposure, PM
exposure during TR1 increased the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to low temperatures during TR1. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk associated with combined exposure to particulate matter and low temperatures during TR1 to prevent preterm birth.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041463</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33557331</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Air pollution ; Air Pollution - adverse effects ; Air quality ; Air temperature ; Babies ; Birth ; Birth weight ; Childbirth & labor ; DNA methylation ; Exposure ; Female ; Gestational age ; Health risks ; Humans ; Immune system ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Low temperature ; Maternal Exposure - adverse effects ; Morbidity ; Neonates ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Particulate Matter - toxicity ; Pollutants ; Pregnancy ; Premature birth ; Premature Birth - chemically induced ; Premature Birth - epidemiology ; Republic of Korea - epidemiology ; Risk ; Seoul - epidemiology ; Statistical analysis ; Temperature ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021-02, Vol.18 (4), p.1463</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-a4196e6fb95d4394bd9dae2830163f6cb8c23be3769cd9e77b43a24a878f697d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-a4196e6fb95d4394bd9dae2830163f6cb8c23be3769cd9e77b43a24a878f697d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2980-6943 ; 0000-0002-8923-9485 ; 0000-0002-3153-3008 ; 0000-0002-3231-2493 ; 0000-0001-9737-3863</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7914592/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7914592/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kwag, Youngrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Shinhee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Jongmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yim, Gyeyoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Eunji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Semi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koh, Tai Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ha, Eunhee</creatorcontrib><title>The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010-2016</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM
) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
We used 2010-2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM
concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM
and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM
concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m
and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM
exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM
exposure and temperature on preterm birth.
In a model that includes three trimesters of PM
and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM
and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM
exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures (<3.4 °C) during TR1 (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.061-1.213,
< 0.001).
When we assumed the interaction between PM
exposure and temperature exposure, PM
exposure during TR1 increased the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to low temperatures during TR1. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk associated with combined exposure to particulate matter and low temperatures during TR1 to prevent preterm birth.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air Pollution - adverse effects</subject><subject>Air quality</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Birth</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gestational age</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Maternal Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Neonates</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - toxicity</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Premature Birth - chemically induced</subject><subject>Premature Birth - epidemiology</subject><subject>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Seoul - epidemiology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpVUVFLwzAQDqK4OX31UQK-Wk2aNGleBB2bChMHzueQNlfbsTYzTQX_vZXNsb3cHffdffdxH0KXlNwypshdtQS_LmlKOOWCHaEhFYJEXBB6vFcP0FnbLglhKRfqFA0YSxLJGB0iuygBj12dVQ1YPCkKyEOLXYGnfQPPjQ9V3q1MAPxqQgCPTWPxAuo1eBM6D9g1eO6hR2r8WPlQ4qrB7-C61Q2OCSVRH8Q5OinMqoWLbR6hj-lkMX6OZm9PL-OHWZRzmobIcKoEiCJTieVM8cwqayBOWU_BCpFnaR6zDJgUKrcKpMw4MzE3qUwLoaRlI3S_4V13WQ02hyZ4s9JrX9XG_2hnKn2INFWpP923loryRMU9wfWWwLuvDtqgl67zTa9ZxzyVPJGqf-II3W6mcu_a1kOxu0CJ_nNFH7rSL1zt69qN_9vAfgEZSYhz</recordid><startdate>20210204</startdate><enddate>20210204</enddate><creator>Kwag, Youngrin</creator><creator>Kim, Min-Ho</creator><creator>Ye, Shinhee</creator><creator>Oh, Jongmin</creator><creator>Yim, Gyeyoon</creator><creator>Kim, Young Ju</creator><creator>Kim, Eunji</creator><creator>Lee, Semi</creator><creator>Koh, Tai Kyung</creator><creator>Ha, Eunhee</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-6943</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-9485</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-3008</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-2493</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-3863</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210204</creationdate><title>The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010-2016</title><author>Kwag, Youngrin ; Kim, Min-Ho ; Ye, Shinhee ; Oh, Jongmin ; Yim, Gyeyoon ; Kim, Young Ju ; Kim, Eunji ; Lee, Semi ; Koh, Tai Kyung ; Ha, Eunhee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-a4196e6fb95d4394bd9dae2830163f6cb8c23be3769cd9e77b43a24a878f697d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Air Pollution - adverse effects</topic><topic>Air quality</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Babies</topic><topic>Birth</topic><topic>Birth weight</topic><topic>Childbirth & labor</topic><topic>DNA methylation</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gestational age</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Maternal Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Neonates</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - analysis</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - toxicity</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Premature birth</topic><topic>Premature Birth - chemically induced</topic><topic>Premature Birth - epidemiology</topic><topic>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Seoul - epidemiology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kwag, Youngrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ye, Shinhee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Jongmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yim, Gyeyoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Eunji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Semi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koh, Tai Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ha, Eunhee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kwag, Youngrin</au><au>Kim, Min-Ho</au><au>Ye, Shinhee</au><au>Oh, Jongmin</au><au>Yim, Gyeyoon</au><au>Kim, Young Ju</au><au>Kim, Eunji</au><au>Lee, Semi</au><au>Koh, Tai Kyung</au><au>Ha, Eunhee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010-2016</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2021-02-04</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1463</spage><pages>1463-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM
) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
We used 2010-2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM
concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM
and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM
concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m
and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM
exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM
exposure and temperature on preterm birth.
In a model that includes three trimesters of PM
and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM
and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM
exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures (<3.4 °C) during TR1 (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.061-1.213,
< 0.001).
When we assumed the interaction between PM
exposure and temperature exposure, PM
exposure during TR1 increased the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to low temperatures during TR1. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk associated with combined exposure to particulate matter and low temperatures during TR1 to prevent preterm birth.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>33557331</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph18041463</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-6943</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-9485</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-3008</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-2493</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-3863</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021-02, Vol.18 (4), p.1463 |
issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7914592 |
source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - toxicity Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Air quality Air temperature Babies Birth Birth weight Childbirth & labor DNA methylation Exposure Female Gestational age Health risks Humans Immune system Infant Infant, Newborn Infants Low temperature Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Morbidity Neonates Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Particulate Matter - toxicity Pollutants Pregnancy Premature birth Premature Birth - chemically induced Premature Birth - epidemiology Republic of Korea - epidemiology Risk Seoul - epidemiology Statistical analysis Temperature Womens health |
title | The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010-2016 |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-12T10%3A36%3A38IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Combined%20Effects%20of%20Fine%20Particulate%20Matter%20and%20Temperature%20on%20Preterm%20Birth%20in%20Seoul,%202010-2016&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Kwag,%20Youngrin&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1463&rft.pages=1463-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph18041463&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2487457900%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2487457900&rft_id=info:pmid/33557331&rfr_iscdi=true |