Costs and Extra Length of Stay because of Neonatal Bloodstream Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Background There are no published studies on the costs of hospital-acquired neonatal bloodstream infection (BSI) in Ghana. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the cost and extra length of stay (LOS) of neonatal BSI. A prospective case–control study was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care u...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PharmacoEconomics - open 2021-03, Vol.5 (1), p.111-120 |
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| creator | Fenny, Ama Pokuaa Otieku, Evans Labi, Kwaku Appiah-Korang Asante, Felix Ankomah Enemark, Ulrika |
| description | Background
There are no published studies on the costs of hospital-acquired neonatal bloodstream infection (BSI) in Ghana. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the cost and extra length of stay (LOS) of neonatal BSI. A prospective case–control study was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Ghana.
Methods
The clinical data of 357 neonates were prospectively analysed. Overall, 100 neonates with BSI and 100 control neonates without BSI were matched by weight, sex and type of delivery. The direct and indirect costs to neonates and their caregivers was obtained on a daily basis. The cost of drugs was confirmed with the Pharmacy Department at KBTH. A count data model, specifically negative binomial regression, was employed to estimate the extra LOS in the NICU due to neonatal BSI. The study analyzed the total, average and marginal costs of neonatal BSI for the case and control groups from the perspective of the patients/carers/providers.
Results
Fifty-four percent of the total sample were born with a low birth weight. Neonates with BSI recorded higher costs compared with neonates without BSI. The highest difference in direct costs was recorded among neonates with extremely low birth weight (US$732), which is 67% higher than similar neonates without BSI. The regression estimates show a significant correlation between neonatal BSI and LOS in the NICU (
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s41669-020-00230-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7895877</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2729536192</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-4c0efa2bb3ac15a8d960c12af09173bf3040d531d6b26df0098f891747ddf3c63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEolXbF2CBLLFhE7j-SRxvkGBU2kqjsmi7tm4ce5IqYw-xU03fHg9ThtIFK9s63z3XR6co3lH4RAHk5yhoXasSGJQAjEO5fVUcswpUKVglXh_uNTsqzmK8BwDaNFRK-rY44kwJaCp2XPSLEFMk6Dtyvk0TkqX1q9ST4MhNwkfSWoNztLv3tQ0eE47k2xhCF9NkcU2uvLMmDcETTATJrUXTD35FLkPcDDt48OSiR4-nxRuHY7RnT-dJcff9_HZxWS5_XFwtvi5LI6RIpTBgHbK25WhohU2najCUoQNFJW8dBwFdxWlXt6zuHIBqXJMlIbvOcVPzk-LL3nczt2vbGetzqlFvpmGN06MOOOh_FT_0ehUetGxU1UiZDT4-GUzh52xj0ushGjuO6G2Yo2ZC8EaqSlQZ_fACvQ_z5HM8zSRTFa-pYplie8pMIcbJusNnKOhdl3rfpc5d6t9d6m0eev88xmHkT3MZ4HsgZsmv7PR3939sfwFK0KqR</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2729536192</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Costs and Extra Length of Stay because of Neonatal Bloodstream Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Fenny, Ama Pokuaa ; Otieku, Evans ; Labi, Kwaku Appiah-Korang ; Asante, Felix Ankomah ; Enemark, Ulrika</creator><creatorcontrib>Fenny, Ama Pokuaa ; Otieku, Evans ; Labi, Kwaku Appiah-Korang ; Asante, Felix Ankomah ; Enemark, Ulrika</creatorcontrib><description>Background
There are no published studies on the costs of hospital-acquired neonatal bloodstream infection (BSI) in Ghana. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the cost and extra length of stay (LOS) of neonatal BSI. A prospective case–control study was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Ghana.
Methods
The clinical data of 357 neonates were prospectively analysed. Overall, 100 neonates with BSI and 100 control neonates without BSI were matched by weight, sex and type of delivery. The direct and indirect costs to neonates and their caregivers was obtained on a daily basis. The cost of drugs was confirmed with the Pharmacy Department at KBTH. A count data model, specifically negative binomial regression, was employed to estimate the extra LOS in the NICU due to neonatal BSI. The study analyzed the total, average and marginal costs of neonatal BSI for the case and control groups from the perspective of the patients/carers/providers.
Results
Fifty-four percent of the total sample were born with a low birth weight. Neonates with BSI recorded higher costs compared with neonates without BSI. The highest difference in direct costs was recorded among neonates with extremely low birth weight (US$732), which is 67% higher than similar neonates without BSI. The regression estimates show a significant correlation between neonatal BSI and LOS in the NICU (
p
< 0.001). Neonates with BSI stayed an additional 10 days in the NICU compared with their matched cohort. The LOS varies significantly depending on the neonate’s weight at birth. The extra days range from 1 day for neonates defined as macrosomia to 15 extra days for extremely low birth weight neonates.
Conclusions
Neonatal BSI was significantly associated with prolonged LOS. The continuous presence of experienced medical staff, as well as parents, to monitor newborns during their stay on the ward has enormous economic burden on both hospitals and caregivers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2509-4262</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2509-4254</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2509-4254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s41669-020-00230-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32940852</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Birth weight ; Caregivers ; Cost analysis ; Cost recovery ; Data collection ; Health care expenditures ; Health insurance ; Industrialized nations ; Intensive care ; Length of stay ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mortality ; Nosocomial infections ; Original ; Original Research Article ; Personal health ; Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes ; Questionnaires ; Teaching hospitals ; Viral infections</subject><ispartof>PharmacoEconomics - open, 2021-03, Vol.5 (1), p.111-120</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-4c0efa2bb3ac15a8d960c12af09173bf3040d531d6b26df0098f891747ddf3c63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-4c0efa2bb3ac15a8d960c12af09173bf3040d531d6b26df0098f891747ddf3c63</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9367-1265</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895877/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895877/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27903,27904,41099,42168,51555,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32940852$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fenny, Ama Pokuaa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otieku, Evans</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labi, Kwaku Appiah-Korang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asante, Felix Ankomah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enemark, Ulrika</creatorcontrib><title>Costs and Extra Length of Stay because of Neonatal Bloodstream Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana</title><title>PharmacoEconomics - open</title><addtitle>PharmacoEconomics Open</addtitle><addtitle>Pharmacoecon Open</addtitle><description>Background
There are no published studies on the costs of hospital-acquired neonatal bloodstream infection (BSI) in Ghana. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the cost and extra length of stay (LOS) of neonatal BSI. A prospective case–control study was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Ghana.
Methods
The clinical data of 357 neonates were prospectively analysed. Overall, 100 neonates with BSI and 100 control neonates without BSI were matched by weight, sex and type of delivery. The direct and indirect costs to neonates and their caregivers was obtained on a daily basis. The cost of drugs was confirmed with the Pharmacy Department at KBTH. A count data model, specifically negative binomial regression, was employed to estimate the extra LOS in the NICU due to neonatal BSI. The study analyzed the total, average and marginal costs of neonatal BSI for the case and control groups from the perspective of the patients/carers/providers.
Results
Fifty-four percent of the total sample were born with a low birth weight. Neonates with BSI recorded higher costs compared with neonates without BSI. The highest difference in direct costs was recorded among neonates with extremely low birth weight (US$732), which is 67% higher than similar neonates without BSI. The regression estimates show a significant correlation between neonatal BSI and LOS in the NICU (
p
< 0.001). Neonates with BSI stayed an additional 10 days in the NICU compared with their matched cohort. The LOS varies significantly depending on the neonate’s weight at birth. The extra days range from 1 day for neonates defined as macrosomia to 15 extra days for extremely low birth weight neonates.
Conclusions
Neonatal BSI was significantly associated with prolonged LOS. The continuous presence of experienced medical staff, as well as parents, to monitor newborns during their stay on the ward has enormous economic burden on both hospitals and caregivers.</description><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Caregivers</subject><subject>Cost analysis</subject><subject>Cost recovery</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Health care expenditures</subject><subject>Health insurance</subject><subject>Industrialized nations</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Length of stay</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nosocomial infections</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Original Research Article</subject><subject>Personal health</subject><subject>Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Teaching hospitals</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><issn>2509-4262</issn><issn>2509-4254</issn><issn>2509-4254</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEolXbF2CBLLFhE7j-SRxvkGBU2kqjsmi7tm4ce5IqYw-xU03fHg9ThtIFK9s63z3XR6co3lH4RAHk5yhoXasSGJQAjEO5fVUcswpUKVglXh_uNTsqzmK8BwDaNFRK-rY44kwJaCp2XPSLEFMk6Dtyvk0TkqX1q9ST4MhNwkfSWoNztLv3tQ0eE47k2xhCF9NkcU2uvLMmDcETTATJrUXTD35FLkPcDDt48OSiR4-nxRuHY7RnT-dJcff9_HZxWS5_XFwtvi5LI6RIpTBgHbK25WhohU2najCUoQNFJW8dBwFdxWlXt6zuHIBqXJMlIbvOcVPzk-LL3nczt2vbGetzqlFvpmGN06MOOOh_FT_0ehUetGxU1UiZDT4-GUzh52xj0ushGjuO6G2Yo2ZC8EaqSlQZ_fACvQ_z5HM8zSRTFa-pYplie8pMIcbJusNnKOhdl3rfpc5d6t9d6m0eev88xmHkT3MZ4HsgZsmv7PR3939sfwFK0KqR</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Fenny, Ama Pokuaa</creator><creator>Otieku, Evans</creator><creator>Labi, Kwaku Appiah-Korang</creator><creator>Asante, Felix Ankomah</creator><creator>Enemark, Ulrika</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-1265</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>Costs and Extra Length of Stay because of Neonatal Bloodstream Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana</title><author>Fenny, Ama Pokuaa ; 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There are no published studies on the costs of hospital-acquired neonatal bloodstream infection (BSI) in Ghana. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the cost and extra length of stay (LOS) of neonatal BSI. A prospective case–control study was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Ghana.
Methods
The clinical data of 357 neonates were prospectively analysed. Overall, 100 neonates with BSI and 100 control neonates without BSI were matched by weight, sex and type of delivery. The direct and indirect costs to neonates and their caregivers was obtained on a daily basis. The cost of drugs was confirmed with the Pharmacy Department at KBTH. A count data model, specifically negative binomial regression, was employed to estimate the extra LOS in the NICU due to neonatal BSI. The study analyzed the total, average and marginal costs of neonatal BSI for the case and control groups from the perspective of the patients/carers/providers.
Results
Fifty-four percent of the total sample were born with a low birth weight. Neonates with BSI recorded higher costs compared with neonates without BSI. The highest difference in direct costs was recorded among neonates with extremely low birth weight (US$732), which is 67% higher than similar neonates without BSI. The regression estimates show a significant correlation between neonatal BSI and LOS in the NICU (
p
< 0.001). Neonates with BSI stayed an additional 10 days in the NICU compared with their matched cohort. The LOS varies significantly depending on the neonate’s weight at birth. The extra days range from 1 day for neonates defined as macrosomia to 15 extra days for extremely low birth weight neonates.
Conclusions
Neonatal BSI was significantly associated with prolonged LOS. The continuous presence of experienced medical staff, as well as parents, to monitor newborns during their stay on the ward has enormous economic burden on both hospitals and caregivers.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>32940852</pmid><doi>10.1007/s41669-020-00230-x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-1265</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Birth weight Caregivers Cost analysis Cost recovery Data collection Health care expenditures Health insurance Industrialized nations Intensive care Length of stay Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mortality Nosocomial infections Original Original Research Article Personal health Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes Questionnaires Teaching hospitals Viral infections |
| title | Costs and Extra Length of Stay because of Neonatal Bloodstream Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana |
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