Potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019: An ally for Latin America (Review)
Currently, the world is under a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effecti...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular medicine 2021-04, Vol.47 (4), p.1, Article 32 |
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| container_title | International journal of molecular medicine |
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| creator | Turrubiates-Hernández, Francisco Javier Sánchez-Zuno, Gabriela Athziri González-Estevez, Guillermo Hernández-Bello, Jorge Macedo-Ojeda, Gabriela Muñoz-Valle, José Francisco |
| description | Currently, the world is under a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effective therapies are available for the prevention or treatment of COVID‑19; therefore, it is necessary to propose novel treatment options with immunomodulatory effects. Vitamin D serves functions in bone health and has been recently reported to exert protective effects against respiratory infections. Observational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and a poor prognosis of COVID‑19; this is alarming as vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. In Latin America, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, and currently, this region is in the top 10 according to the number of confirmed COVID‑19 cases. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunctive treatment for the prevention of COVID‑19 complications. The present review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID‑19 and sets out vitamin D recommendations for the Latin American population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4865 |
| format | Article |
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This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effective therapies are available for the prevention or treatment of COVID‑19; therefore, it is necessary to propose novel treatment options with immunomodulatory effects. Vitamin D serves functions in bone health and has been recently reported to exert protective effects against respiratory infections. Observational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and a poor prognosis of COVID‑19; this is alarming as vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. In Latin America, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, and currently, this region is in the top 10 according to the number of confirmed COVID‑19 cases. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunctive treatment for the prevention of COVID‑19 complications. The present review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID‑19 and sets out vitamin D recommendations for the Latin American population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1107-3756</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1791-244X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4865</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33537824</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Greece: Spandidos Publications</publisher><subject>Alfacalcidol ; Analysis ; Bone and Bones ; Calcifediol ; Care and treatment ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - complications ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Cytokine storm ; Dietary Supplements ; Disease prevention ; Disease transmission ; Epidemics ; Fatty acids ; Genomes ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use ; Immunomodulators ; Infections ; Latin America ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Mexico ; Middle East respiratory syndrome ; Mortality ; Pandemics ; Population ; Prevalence ; Prevention ; Proteins ; Public health ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Respiratory diseases ; Respiratory Tract Infections - virology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Taxonomy ; Viruses ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency - complications ; Vitamin deficiency ; World health</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular medicine, 2021-04, Vol.47 (4), p.1, Article 32</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Spandidos Publications</rights><rights>Copyright Spandidos Publications UK Ltd. 2021</rights><rights>Copyright: © Turrubiates-Hernández et al. 2021</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c485t-3be000e6cdbbff1fff2b8eb9c3d7af9cc50b288220a3aa661b31cc43014af52f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33537824$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Turrubiates-Hernández, Francisco Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez-Zuno, Gabriela Athziri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González-Estevez, Guillermo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernández-Bello, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macedo-Ojeda, Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Valle, José Francisco</creatorcontrib><title>Potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019: An ally for Latin America (Review)</title><title>International journal of molecular medicine</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Med</addtitle><description>Currently, the world is under a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effective therapies are available for the prevention or treatment of COVID‑19; therefore, it is necessary to propose novel treatment options with immunomodulatory effects. Vitamin D serves functions in bone health and has been recently reported to exert protective effects against respiratory infections. Observational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and a poor prognosis of COVID‑19; this is alarming as vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. In Latin America, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, and currently, this region is in the top 10 according to the number of confirmed COVID‑19 cases. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunctive treatment for the prevention of COVID‑19 complications. The present review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID‑19 and sets out vitamin D recommendations for the Latin American population.</description><subject>Alfacalcidol</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Bone and Bones</subject><subject>Calcifediol</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - complications</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cytokine storm</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Immunomodulators</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Latin America</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Mexico</subject><subject>Middle East respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Renin-Angiotensin System</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - virology</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - complications</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><subject>World health</subject><issn>1107-3756</issn><issn>1791-244X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptkt9qFDEUxgex2Fq99VIC3ujFrvk3M4kXwlL_FRYUUfAuZDInbZZJsiYzI_sMvkSfpU9mBmtVKIHkJPm-j3PgV1VPCF4zIelLt_N-TTElay6a-l51QlpJVpTzb_dLTXC7Ym3dHFcPc95hTGsuxYPqmLGatYLyk-rnpzhCGJ0ekPN-CtHHfhr0GNMBgbVgxoyiRbMbtXfh-uoNWvbxEtA-wbw4Y1gEuVwSIBNTDHp2acqodxl0husriol8hTYB6WE4IBsT2urRBbTxkJzR6PlnmB38ePGoOrJ6yPD45jytvr57--Xsw2r78f352Wa7MlzU44p1gDGGxvRdZy2x1tJOQCcN61ttpTE17qgQlGLNtG4a0jFiDGeYcG1ratlp9fp37n7qPPSmTJH0oPbJeZ0OKmqn_v8J7lJdxFm1QhJBZQl4dhOQ4vcJ8qh2cUqh9Kwol62kssXtX9WFHkC5YGMJM95lozZN3WBCWl4X1foOVVk9eGdiAOvK-10Gk2LOCext4wSrhQm1MKEWJtTCRDE8_XfcW_kfCNgvVT23gg</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Turrubiates-Hernández, Francisco Javier</creator><creator>Sánchez-Zuno, Gabriela Athziri</creator><creator>González-Estevez, Guillermo</creator><creator>Hernández-Bello, Jorge</creator><creator>Macedo-Ojeda, Gabriela</creator><creator>Muñoz-Valle, José Francisco</creator><general>Spandidos Publications</general><general>Spandidos Publications UK Ltd</general><general>D.A. 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This disease is characterized by a respiratory syndrome that can progress to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. To date, limited effective therapies are available for the prevention or treatment of COVID‑19; therefore, it is necessary to propose novel treatment options with immunomodulatory effects. Vitamin D serves functions in bone health and has been recently reported to exert protective effects against respiratory infections. Observational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and a poor prognosis of COVID‑19; this is alarming as vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. In Latin America, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unknown, and currently, this region is in the top 10 according to the number of confirmed COVID‑19 cases. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunctive treatment for the prevention of COVID‑19 complications. The present review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID‑19 and sets out vitamin D recommendations for the Latin American population.</abstract><cop>Greece</cop><pub>Spandidos Publications</pub><pmid>33537824</pmid><doi>10.3892/ijmm.2021.4865</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of molecular medicine, 2021-04, Vol.47 (4), p.1, Article 32 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Spandidos Publications Journals; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Alfacalcidol Analysis Bone and Bones Calcifediol Care and treatment Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - prevention & control Cytokine storm Dietary Supplements Disease prevention Disease transmission Epidemics Fatty acids Genomes Humans Immune system Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use Immunomodulators Infections Latin America Medical research Medicine, Experimental Mexico Middle East respiratory syndrome Mortality Pandemics Population Prevalence Prevention Proteins Public health Renin-Angiotensin System Respiratory diseases Respiratory Tract Infections - virology Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Taxonomy Viruses Vitamin D Vitamin D - therapeutic use Vitamin D Deficiency - complications Vitamin deficiency World health |
| title | Potential immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in the prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019: An ally for Latin America (Review) |
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