Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth
Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations). In 2015, three large urban school districts (2 in California and 1 in Florida) conducted a Youth Risk Behavior S...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of preventive medicine 2020-05, Vol.58 (5), p.e159-e169 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e169 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | e159 |
| container_title | American journal of preventive medicine |
| container_volume | 58 |
| creator | Lowry, Richard Johns, Michelle M. Robin, Leah E. |
| description | Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations).
In 2015, three large urban school districts (2 in California and 1 in Florida) conducted a Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included the assessment of gender expression among a racially/ethnically diverse population-based sample of 6,082 high school students. Five categories of violence victimization were assessed (felt unsafe at school, threatened or injured with a weapon at school, bullied at school, electronically bullied, and forced sexual intercourse). In 2019, the effect of violence victimization on substance use disparities was examined by calculating sex-stratified prevalence ratios by gender nonconformity, adjusted for sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and grade (adjusted prevalence ratio 1 [APR1]), and comparing these with prevalence ratios adjusted for those variables plus violence victimization (adjusted prevalence ratio 2 [APR2]).
Among female students, only being threatened or injured with a weapon was significantly (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.021 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>pubmed_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7885263</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0749379720300490</els_id><sourcerecordid>32147370</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-3e10fb060e8cf869d401181668eafdec89d405395533adc7eb3f4c4d3807c2db3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kFFLwzAUhYMobk7_gUh_wFqTpmvSF0GmTmEoohv4FNLkdstYk5F0A_31rkynvvh04R7OOfd-CJ0TnBBM8stFImtYeUhSTIqEpAlOyQHqEs5onOaYHaIuZlkRU1awDjoJYYExZpwUx6hDU5IxynAXPU-NW4JVEE2NakxtPmRjnO1HL-syNLIVJgGiGxNW0pvGQOhH0upoBFaDjx-dVc5WztfGzqI3t27mp-iokssAZ1-zhyZ3t6_D-3j8NHoYXo9jleW0iSkQXJU4x8BVxfNCZ5gQTvKcg6w0KN5uBrQYDCiVWjEoaZWpTFOOmUp1SXvoape7Wpc1aAW28XIpVt7U0r8LJ434q1gzFzO3EYzzQZrTbUC2C1DeheCh2nsJFi1isRA7xKJFLEgqtoi3tovfvXvTN9Ofw2D7_caAF0GZFrE2HlQjtDP_N3wC6GWRVw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Lowry, Richard ; Johns, Michelle M. ; Robin, Leah E.</creator><creatorcontrib>Lowry, Richard ; Johns, Michelle M. ; Robin, Leah E.</creatorcontrib><description>Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations).
In 2015, three large urban school districts (2 in California and 1 in Florida) conducted a Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included the assessment of gender expression among a racially/ethnically diverse population-based sample of 6,082 high school students. Five categories of violence victimization were assessed (felt unsafe at school, threatened or injured with a weapon at school, bullied at school, electronically bullied, and forced sexual intercourse). In 2019, the effect of violence victimization on substance use disparities was examined by calculating sex-stratified prevalence ratios by gender nonconformity, adjusted for sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and grade (adjusted prevalence ratio 1 [APR1]), and comparing these with prevalence ratios adjusted for those variables plus violence victimization (adjusted prevalence ratio 2 [APR2]).
Among female students, only being threatened or injured with a weapon was significantly (p<0.05) associated with gender nonconformity and there were no substance use disparities by gender nonconformity. Among male students, every category of violence victimization was more prevalent among gender-nonconforming than among gender-conforming students and most substance use categories demonstrated significant gender nonconformity disparities. After controlling for violence victimization, these disparities decreased but remained statistically significant for the use of cocaine (APR1=2.84 vs APR2=1.99), methamphetamine (APR1=4.47 vs APR2=2.86), heroin (APR1=4.55 vs APR2=2.96), and injection drug use (APR1=7.90 vs APR2=4.72).
School-based substance use prevention programs may benefit from strategies that support gender diversity and reduce violence victimizations experienced by gender-nonconforming students, by providing a safe and supportive school environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0749-3797</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2607</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32147370</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Bullying - statistics & numerical data ; California - epidemiology ; Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Florida - epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; Sex Factors ; Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data ; Students - statistics & numerical data ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence - statistics & numerical data</subject><ispartof>American journal of preventive medicine, 2020-05, Vol.58 (5), p.e159-e169</ispartof><rights>2020</rights><rights>Published by Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-3e10fb060e8cf869d401181668eafdec89d405395533adc7eb3f4c4d3807c2db3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-3e10fb060e8cf869d401181668eafdec89d405395533adc7eb3f4c4d3807c2db3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.021$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32147370$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lowry, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johns, Michelle M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robin, Leah E.</creatorcontrib><title>Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth</title><title>American journal of preventive medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Prev Med</addtitle><description>Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations).
In 2015, three large urban school districts (2 in California and 1 in Florida) conducted a Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included the assessment of gender expression among a racially/ethnically diverse population-based sample of 6,082 high school students. Five categories of violence victimization were assessed (felt unsafe at school, threatened or injured with a weapon at school, bullied at school, electronically bullied, and forced sexual intercourse). In 2019, the effect of violence victimization on substance use disparities was examined by calculating sex-stratified prevalence ratios by gender nonconformity, adjusted for sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and grade (adjusted prevalence ratio 1 [APR1]), and comparing these with prevalence ratios adjusted for those variables plus violence victimization (adjusted prevalence ratio 2 [APR2]).
Among female students, only being threatened or injured with a weapon was significantly (p<0.05) associated with gender nonconformity and there were no substance use disparities by gender nonconformity. Among male students, every category of violence victimization was more prevalent among gender-nonconforming than among gender-conforming students and most substance use categories demonstrated significant gender nonconformity disparities. After controlling for violence victimization, these disparities decreased but remained statistically significant for the use of cocaine (APR1=2.84 vs APR2=1.99), methamphetamine (APR1=4.47 vs APR2=2.86), heroin (APR1=4.55 vs APR2=2.96), and injection drug use (APR1=7.90 vs APR2=4.72).
School-based substance use prevention programs may benefit from strategies that support gender diversity and reduce violence victimizations experienced by gender-nonconforming students, by providing a safe and supportive school environment.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Bullying - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>California - epidemiology</subject><subject>Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Florida - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Students - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Violence - statistics & numerical data</subject><issn>0749-3797</issn><issn>1873-2607</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kFFLwzAUhYMobk7_gUh_wFqTpmvSF0GmTmEoohv4FNLkdstYk5F0A_31rkynvvh04R7OOfd-CJ0TnBBM8stFImtYeUhSTIqEpAlOyQHqEs5onOaYHaIuZlkRU1awDjoJYYExZpwUx6hDU5IxynAXPU-NW4JVEE2NakxtPmRjnO1HL-syNLIVJgGiGxNW0pvGQOhH0upoBFaDjx-dVc5WztfGzqI3t27mp-iokssAZ1-zhyZ3t6_D-3j8NHoYXo9jleW0iSkQXJU4x8BVxfNCZ5gQTvKcg6w0KN5uBrQYDCiVWjEoaZWpTFOOmUp1SXvoape7Wpc1aAW28XIpVt7U0r8LJ434q1gzFzO3EYzzQZrTbUC2C1DeheCh2nsJFi1isRA7xKJFLEgqtoi3tovfvXvTN9Ofw2D7_caAF0GZFrE2HlQjtDP_N3wC6GWRVw</recordid><startdate>20200501</startdate><enddate>20200501</enddate><creator>Lowry, Richard</creator><creator>Johns, Michelle M.</creator><creator>Robin, Leah E.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200501</creationdate><title>Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth</title><author>Lowry, Richard ; Johns, Michelle M. ; Robin, Leah E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-3e10fb060e8cf869d401181668eafdec89d405395533adc7eb3f4c4d3807c2db3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Bullying - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>California - epidemiology</topic><topic>Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Florida - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Students - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Violence - statistics & numerical data</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lowry, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johns, Michelle M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robin, Leah E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of preventive medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lowry, Richard</au><au>Johns, Michelle M.</au><au>Robin, Leah E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth</atitle><jtitle>American journal of preventive medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Prev Med</addtitle><date>2020-05-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e159</spage><epage>e169</epage><pages>e159-e169</pages><issn>0749-3797</issn><eissn>1873-2607</eissn><abstract>Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations).
In 2015, three large urban school districts (2 in California and 1 in Florida) conducted a Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included the assessment of gender expression among a racially/ethnically diverse population-based sample of 6,082 high school students. Five categories of violence victimization were assessed (felt unsafe at school, threatened or injured with a weapon at school, bullied at school, electronically bullied, and forced sexual intercourse). In 2019, the effect of violence victimization on substance use disparities was examined by calculating sex-stratified prevalence ratios by gender nonconformity, adjusted for sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and grade (adjusted prevalence ratio 1 [APR1]), and comparing these with prevalence ratios adjusted for those variables plus violence victimization (adjusted prevalence ratio 2 [APR2]).
Among female students, only being threatened or injured with a weapon was significantly (p<0.05) associated with gender nonconformity and there were no substance use disparities by gender nonconformity. Among male students, every category of violence victimization was more prevalent among gender-nonconforming than among gender-conforming students and most substance use categories demonstrated significant gender nonconformity disparities. After controlling for violence victimization, these disparities decreased but remained statistically significant for the use of cocaine (APR1=2.84 vs APR2=1.99), methamphetamine (APR1=4.47 vs APR2=2.86), heroin (APR1=4.55 vs APR2=2.96), and injection drug use (APR1=7.90 vs APR2=4.72).
School-based substance use prevention programs may benefit from strategies that support gender diversity and reduce violence victimizations experienced by gender-nonconforming students, by providing a safe and supportive school environment.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>32147370</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.021</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0749-3797 |
| ispartof | American journal of preventive medicine, 2020-05, Vol.58 (5), p.e159-e169 |
| issn | 0749-3797 1873-2607 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7885263 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Bullying - statistics & numerical data California - epidemiology Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data Female Florida - epidemiology Humans Male Schools Sex Factors Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data Students - statistics & numerical data Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Violence - statistics & numerical data |
| title | Violence Victimization, Substance Use Disparities, and Gender-Nonconforming Youth |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-17T16%3A03%3A28IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-pubmed_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Violence%20Victimization,%20Substance%20Use%20Disparities,%20and%20Gender-Nonconforming%20Youth&rft.jtitle=American%20journal%20of%20preventive%20medicine&rft.au=Lowry,%20Richard&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e159&rft.epage=e169&rft.pages=e159-e169&rft.issn=0749-3797&rft.eissn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.12.021&rft_dat=%3Cpubmed_cross%3E32147370%3C/pubmed_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/32147370&rft_els_id=S0749379720300490&rfr_iscdi=true |