Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19
COVID-19 is a serious disease that has infected more than 40 million people. Beside significant mortality, the SARS-CoV-2 infection causes considerable and sustained morbidity, dubbed long COVID. This paper argues that some of this morbidity may be due to a persistent systemic infection. Persistent...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Medical hypotheses 2021-04, Vol.149, p.110538-110538, Article 110538 |
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description | COVID-19 is a serious disease that has infected more than 40 million people. Beside significant mortality, the SARS-CoV-2 infection causes considerable and sustained morbidity, dubbed long COVID. This paper argues that some of this morbidity may be due to a persistent systemic infection. Persistent infection is indicated by continued virus RNA shedding. The virus’ superantigen could overstimulate anti-virus immune responses, and thereby induce negative feedback loops, that paradoxically allow the virus to persist. The superantigen would induce strong immune response to any residual infection. This hypothesis suggests that clearing the virus infection completely would be an appropriate intervention against long COVID. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110538 |
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Beside significant mortality, the SARS-CoV-2 infection causes considerable and sustained morbidity, dubbed long COVID. This paper argues that some of this morbidity may be due to a persistent systemic infection. Persistent infection is indicated by continued virus RNA shedding. The virus’ superantigen could overstimulate anti-virus immune responses, and thereby induce negative feedback loops, that paradoxically allow the virus to persist. The superantigen would induce strong immune response to any residual infection. This hypothesis suggests that clearing the virus infection completely would be an appropriate intervention against long COVID.</description><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Autoimmunity</subject><subject>COVID-19 - complications</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - virology</subject><subject>Cytokine Release Syndrome</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Superantigens - immunology</subject><subject>Virus Shedding</subject><issn>0306-9877</issn><issn>1532-2777</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMoOl5ewIV06aZjLm2TgAgyXkEYcdRtaJOTmQxto0lnwLe3Q1V04-oszvf_5_AhdEzwmGBSnC3HDSw-xhRTMiYE50xsoRHJGU0p53wbjTDDRSoF53toP8YlxlhmTOyiPcYKSkTGRkg8QogudtB2yezyaZbSxLUWdOd8GxPt2y64atVB0vmk9u08mUxf769SIg_Rji3rCEdf8wC93Fw_T-7Sh-nt_eTyIdU5zrpUSsFyzkReFMSWHAwtKmy4tVBxYVmeESYzDthkRlspSyNkpStrNTXMFKxgB-hi6H1bVQ0Y3T8aylq9BdeU4UP50qm_m9Yt1NyvFRcioznuC06_CoJ_X0HsVOOihrouW_CrqGgmGca0x3uUDqgOPsYA9ucMwWqjXC3VRrnaKFeD8j508vvBn8i34x44HwDoNa0dBBW1g1aDcaEXrYx3__V_AmVykeQ</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Jacobs, John J.L.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Published by Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19</title><author>Jacobs, John J.L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-998357385661fa7ed26b0d7ffeb78f35413947e0d4dcf99ad89bcbffc2d3d6363</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Autoimmunity</topic><topic>COVID-19 - complications</topic><topic>COVID-19 - immunology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - virology</topic><topic>Cytokine Release Syndrome</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Superantigens - immunology</topic><topic>Virus Shedding</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, John J.L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medical hypotheses</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jacobs, John J.L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19</atitle><jtitle>Medical hypotheses</jtitle><addtitle>Med Hypotheses</addtitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>149</volume><spage>110538</spage><epage>110538</epage><pages>110538-110538</pages><artnum>110538</artnum><issn>0306-9877</issn><eissn>1532-2777</eissn><abstract>COVID-19 is a serious disease that has infected more than 40 million people. 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subjects | Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Autoimmunity COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - virology Cytokine Release Syndrome Humans Inflammation Models, Theoretical Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome SARS-CoV-2 Superantigens - immunology Virus Shedding |
title | Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19 |
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