Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans
Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2020-12, Vol.370 (6522), p.1339-1343 |
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creator | Ng, Kevin W Faulkner, Nikhil Cornish, Georgina H Rosa, Annachiara Harvey, Ruth Hussain, Saira Ulferts, Rachel Earl, Christopher Wrobel, Antoni G Benton, Donald J Roustan, Chloe Bolland, William Thompson, Rachael Agua-Doce, Ana Hobson, Philip Heaney, Judith Rickman, Hannah Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula Houlihan, Catherine F Thomson, Kirsty Sanchez, Emilie Shin, Gee Yen Spyer, Moira J Joshi, Dhira O'Reilly, Nicola Walker, Philip A Kjaer, Svend Riddell, Andrew Moore, Catherine Jebson, Bethany R Wilkinson, Meredyth Marshall, Lucy R Rosser, Elizabeth C Radziszewska, Anna Peckham, Hannah Ciurtin, Coziana Wedderburn, Lucy R Beale, Rupert Swanton, Charles Gandhi, Sonia Stockinger, Brigitta McCauley, John Gamblin, Steve J McCoy, Laura E Cherepanov, Peter Nastouli, Eleni Kassiotis, George |
description | Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.abe1107 |
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Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1107</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33159009</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescents ; Adult ; Age composition ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Children ; Coronaviridae ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - blood ; COVID-19 - immunology ; Cross-protection ; Epitope Mapping ; Female ; Flow cytometry ; Glycoproteins ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Humoral immunity ; IgG antibody ; Immunity ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin A - blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunological memory ; Immunology ; Infections ; Male ; Microbio ; Middle Aged ; Neutralizing ; Proteins ; Respiratory diseases ; SARS-CoV-2 - chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Spike glycoprotein ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology ; Spike protein ; Teenagers ; Viral diseases ; Viral Zoonoses - blood ; Viral Zoonoses - immunology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2020-12, Vol.370 (6522), p.1339-1343</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-94e8c832a40a1ad6f18e5be1135a8a1b48bfdeed8aa69051b179c5cf8b9130043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-94e8c832a40a1ad6f18e5be1135a8a1b48bfdeed8aa69051b179c5cf8b9130043</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1984-6677 ; 0000-0001-9767-8683 ; 0000-0001-8781-336X ; 0000-0001-9503-7946 ; 0000-0001-6748-9339 ; 0000-0002-9091-9955 ; 0000-0002-8911-4113 ; 0000-0002-9668-4683 ; 0000-0002-7539-1566 ; 0000-0002-3625-776X ; 0000-0002-1684-2013 ; 0000-0002-6705-8560 ; 0000-0002-2794-8606 ; 0000-0002-8457-2633 ; 0000-0001-8660-2528 ; 0000-0002-4204-6491 ; 0000-0001-5117-2994 ; 0000-0002-3502-0744 ; 0000-0002-3564-1970 ; 0000-0002-4062-530X ; 0000-0002-4299-3018 ; 0000-0001-8934-0930 ; 0000-0003-1635-6768 ; 0000-0002-6680-5587 ; 0000-0002-7972-8066 ; 0000-0001-9149-6029 ; 0000-0002-3885-3477 ; 0000-0002-0545-244X ; 0000-0003-4800-4695 ; 0000-0001-5331-639X ; 0000-0002-0634-538X ; 0000-0002-7148-4634 ; 0000-0001-7433-6357 ; 0000-0002-4744-6347 ; 0000-0002-8439-8997 ; 0000-0002-0466-7297</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,2871,2872,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33159009$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ng, Kevin W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faulkner, Nikhil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornish, Georgina H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosa, Annachiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, Saira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ulferts, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Earl, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wrobel, Antoni G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benton, Donald J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roustan, Chloe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolland, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Rachael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agua-Doce, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hobson, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heaney, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rickman, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houlihan, Catherine F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomson, Kirsty</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Emilie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Gee Yen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spyer, Moira J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshi, Dhira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Reilly, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Philip A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kjaer, Svend</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddell, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jebson, Bethany R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilkinson, Meredyth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Lucy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosser, Elizabeth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radziszewska, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peckham, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciurtin, Coziana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wedderburn, Lucy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beale, Rupert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swanton, Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gandhi, Sonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stockinger, Brigitta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCauley, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamblin, Steve J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCoy, Laura E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cherepanov, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nastouli, Eleni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kassiotis, George</creatorcontrib><title>Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</description><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age composition</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Coronaviridae</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - blood</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>Cross-protection</subject><subject>Epitope Mapping</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>HEK293 Cells</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Humoral immunity</subject><subject>IgG antibody</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Immunity, 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and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans</title><author>Ng, Kevin W ; Faulkner, Nikhil ; Cornish, Georgina H ; Rosa, Annachiara ; Harvey, Ruth ; Hussain, Saira ; Ulferts, Rachel ; Earl, Christopher ; Wrobel, Antoni G ; Benton, Donald J ; Roustan, Chloe ; Bolland, William ; Thompson, Rachael ; Agua-Doce, Ana ; Hobson, Philip ; Heaney, Judith ; Rickman, Hannah ; Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula ; Houlihan, Catherine F ; Thomson, Kirsty ; Sanchez, Emilie ; Shin, Gee Yen ; Spyer, Moira J ; Joshi, Dhira ; O'Reilly, Nicola ; Walker, Philip A ; Kjaer, Svend ; Riddell, Andrew ; Moore, Catherine ; Jebson, Bethany R ; Wilkinson, Meredyth ; Marshall, Lucy R ; Rosser, Elizabeth C ; Radziszewska, Anna ; Peckham, Hannah ; Ciurtin, Coziana ; Wedderburn, Lucy R ; Beale, Rupert ; Swanton, Charles ; Gandhi, Sonia ; Stockinger, Brigitta ; McCauley, John ; Gamblin, Steve J ; McCoy, Laura E ; Cherepanov, Peter ; Nastouli, Eleni ; Kassiotis, George</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-94e8c832a40a1ad6f18e5be1135a8a1b48bfdeed8aa69051b179c5cf8b9130043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age composition</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Coronaviridae</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - blood</topic><topic>COVID-19 - immunology</topic><topic>Cross-protection</topic><topic>Epitope Mapping</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Glycoproteins</topic><topic>HEK293 Cells</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Humoral immunity</topic><topic>IgG antibody</topic><topic>Immunity</topic><topic>Immunity, Humoral</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin A</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin A - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Immunological memory</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microbio</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neutralizing</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - chemistry</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2 - immunology</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Spike glycoprotein</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry</topic><topic>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology</topic><topic>Spike protein</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral Zoonoses - blood</topic><topic>Viral Zoonoses - immunology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ng, Kevin W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faulkner, Nikhil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornish, Georgina H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosa, Annachiara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvey, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, Saira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ulferts, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Earl, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wrobel, Antoni G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benton, Donald J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roustan, Chloe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolland, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Rachael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agua-Doce, Ana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hobson, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heaney, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rickman, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houlihan, Catherine F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomson, Kirsty</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanchez, Emilie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Gee Yen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spyer, Moira J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joshi, Dhira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Reilly, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Philip A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kjaer, Svend</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddell, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jebson, Bethany R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilkinson, Meredyth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Lucy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosser, Elizabeth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radziszewska, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peckham, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciurtin, Coziana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wedderburn, Lucy R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beale, Rupert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swanton, Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gandhi, Sonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stockinger, Brigitta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCauley, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamblin, Steve J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCoy, Laura E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cherepanov, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nastouli, Eleni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kassiotis, George</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information 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Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ng, Kevin W</au><au>Faulkner, Nikhil</au><au>Cornish, Georgina H</au><au>Rosa, Annachiara</au><au>Harvey, Ruth</au><au>Hussain, Saira</au><au>Ulferts, Rachel</au><au>Earl, Christopher</au><au>Wrobel, Antoni G</au><au>Benton, Donald J</au><au>Roustan, Chloe</au><au>Bolland, William</au><au>Thompson, Rachael</au><au>Agua-Doce, Ana</au><au>Hobson, Philip</au><au>Heaney, Judith</au><au>Rickman, Hannah</au><au>Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula</au><au>Houlihan, Catherine F</au><au>Thomson, Kirsty</au><au>Sanchez, Emilie</au><au>Shin, Gee Yen</au><au>Spyer, Moira J</au><au>Joshi, Dhira</au><au>O'Reilly, Nicola</au><au>Walker, Philip A</au><au>Kjaer, Svend</au><au>Riddell, Andrew</au><au>Moore, Catherine</au><au>Jebson, Bethany R</au><au>Wilkinson, Meredyth</au><au>Marshall, Lucy R</au><au>Rosser, Elizabeth C</au><au>Radziszewska, Anna</au><au>Peckham, Hannah</au><au>Ciurtin, Coziana</au><au>Wedderburn, Lucy R</au><au>Beale, Rupert</au><au>Swanton, Charles</au><au>Gandhi, Sonia</au><au>Stockinger, Brigitta</au><au>McCauley, John</au><au>Gamblin, Steve J</au><au>McCoy, Laura E</au><au>Cherepanov, Peter</au><au>Nastouli, Eleni</au><au>Kassiotis, George</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2020-12-11</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>370</volume><issue>6522</issue><spage>1339</spage><epage>1343</epage><pages>1339-1343</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><abstract>Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detected preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable using a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IgG antibodies targeting both the S1 and S2 subunits, and concomitant IgM and IgA antibodies, lasting throughout the observation period. SARS-CoV-2-uninfected donor sera exhibited specific neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotypes. Distinguishing preexisting and de novo immunity will be critical for our understanding of susceptibility to and the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>The American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>33159009</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.abe1107</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-6677</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-8683</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-336X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-7946</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-9339</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-9955</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-4113</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9668-4683</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7539-1566</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-776X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-2013</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-8560</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-8606</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-2633</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-2528</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-6491</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-2994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-0744</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-1970</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-530X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3018</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-0930</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-6768</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-5587</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-8066</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-6029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-3477</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-244X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-4695</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-639X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-538X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-4634</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-6357</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4744-6347</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8439-8997</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-7297</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2020-12, Vol.370 (6522), p.1339-1343 |
issn | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7857411 |
source | MEDLINE; American Association for the Advancement of Science |
subjects | Adolescents Adult Age composition Aged Aged, 80 and over Amino Acid Sequence Animals Antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood Children Coronaviridae Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - immunology Cross-protection Epitope Mapping Female Flow cytometry Glycoproteins HEK293 Cells Humans Humoral immunity IgG antibody Immunity Immunity, Humoral Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin A - blood Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M - blood Immunoglobulins Immunological memory Immunology Infections Male Microbio Middle Aged Neutralizing Proteins Respiratory diseases SARS-CoV-2 - chemistry SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike glycoprotein Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology Spike protein Teenagers Viral diseases Viral Zoonoses - blood Viral Zoonoses - immunology Young Adult |
title | Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans |
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