The interactive effects of ambient air pollutants-meteorological factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities
Emerging evidence has confirmed meteorological factors and air pollutants affect novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies to date have considered the impact of interactions between meteorological factors and air pollutants on COVID-19 transmission. This study explores the assoc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-06, Vol.28 (21), p.27056-27066 |
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| creator | Zhou, Jianli Qin, Linyuan Meng, Xiaojing Liu, Nan |
| description | Emerging evidence has confirmed meteorological factors and air pollutants affect novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies to date have considered the impact of interactions between meteorological factors and air pollutants on COVID-19 transmission. This study explores the association between ambient air pollutants (PM
2.5
, NO
2
, SO
2
, CO, and O
3
), meteorological factors (average temperature, diurnal temperature range, relative humidity, wind velocity, air pressure, precipitation, and hours of sunshine), and their interaction on confirmed case counts of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities. We modeled total confirmed cases of COVID-19 as the dependent variable with meteorological factors, air pollutants, and their interactions as the independent variables. To account for potential migration effects, we included the migration scale index (MSI) from Wuhan to each of the 120 cities included in the model, using data from 15 Jan. to 18 Mar. 2020. As an important confounding factor, MSI was considered in a negative binomial regression analysis. Positive associations were found between the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and CO, PM
2.5
, relative humidity, and O
3
, with and without MSI-adjustment. Negative associations were also found for SO
2
and wind velocity both with and without controlling for population migration. In addition, air pollutants and meteorological factors had interactive effects on COVID-19 after controlling for MSI. In conclusion, air pollutants, meteorological factors, and their interactions all affect COVID-19 cases. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-021-12648-9 |
| format | Article |
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2.5
, NO
2
, SO
2
, CO, and O
3
), meteorological factors (average temperature, diurnal temperature range, relative humidity, wind velocity, air pressure, precipitation, and hours of sunshine), and their interaction on confirmed case counts of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities. We modeled total confirmed cases of COVID-19 as the dependent variable with meteorological factors, air pollutants, and their interactions as the independent variables. To account for potential migration effects, we included the migration scale index (MSI) from Wuhan to each of the 120 cities included in the model, using data from 15 Jan. to 18 Mar. 2020. As an important confounding factor, MSI was considered in a negative binomial regression analysis. Positive associations were found between the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and CO, PM
2.5
, relative humidity, and O
3
, with and without MSI-adjustment. Negative associations were also found for SO
2
and wind velocity both with and without controlling for population migration. In addition, air pollutants and meteorological factors had interactive effects on COVID-19 after controlling for MSI. In conclusion, air pollutants, meteorological factors, and their interactions all affect COVID-19 cases.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12648-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33501581</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air pollution ; Air Pollution - analysis ; Air temperature ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Carbon monoxide ; China ; Cities ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Dependent variables ; Disease transmission ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental science ; Humans ; Humidity ; Independent variables ; Interactive control ; Meteorological Concepts ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Outdoor air quality ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Pollutants ; Regression analysis ; Relative humidity ; Research Article ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sulfur dioxide ; Velocity ; Viral diseases ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Wind ; Wind speed</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-06, Vol.28 (21), p.27056-27066</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-9a4e449d267c778eac85950407990794099831ada8967ae905b7d4587befc6333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-9a4e449d267c778eac85950407990794099831ada8967ae905b7d4587befc6333</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8895-3169</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-021-12648-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-021-12648-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33501581$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Jianli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Linyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Xiaojing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Nan</creatorcontrib><title>The interactive effects of ambient air pollutants-meteorological factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Emerging evidence has confirmed meteorological factors and air pollutants affect novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no studies to date have considered the impact of interactions between meteorological factors and air pollutants on COVID-19 transmission. This study explores the association between ambient air pollutants (PM
2.5
, NO
2
, SO
2
, CO, and O
3
), meteorological factors (average temperature, diurnal temperature range, relative humidity, wind velocity, air pressure, precipitation, and hours of sunshine), and their interaction on confirmed case counts of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities. We modeled total confirmed cases of COVID-19 as the dependent variable with meteorological factors, air pollutants, and their interactions as the independent variables. To account for potential migration effects, we included the migration scale index (MSI) from Wuhan to each of the 120 cities included in the model, using data from 15 Jan. to 18 Mar. 2020. As an important confounding factor, MSI was considered in a negative binomial regression analysis. Positive associations were found between the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and CO, PM
2.5
, relative humidity, and O
3
, with and without MSI-adjustment. Negative associations were also found for SO
2
and wind velocity both with and without controlling for population migration. In addition, air pollutants and meteorological factors had interactive effects on COVID-19 after controlling for MSI. In conclusion, air pollutants, meteorological factors, and their interactions all affect COVID-19 cases.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Dependent variables</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Independent variables</subject><subject>Interactive control</subject><subject>Meteorological Concepts</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind speed</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UTtvUzEUthCIhpQ_wFBZYjb4eW0vlarwqlSpS2G1HOfcxNWNndpOJAb-O27TFlgYjs9wvpf1IfSO0Q-MUv2xMibUQChnhPFBGmJfoBkbmCRaWvsSzaiVkjAh5Ql6U-stpZxarl-jEyEUZcqwGfp1swEcU4PiQ4sHwDCOEFrFecR-u4yQGvax4F2epn3zqVWyhQa55CmvY_ATHjsxl05IOOQ0xrKFFQ6-woPG4vrH5SfCbPfAjFO82MQEFXCILUI9Ra9GP1V4-7jn6PuXzzeLb-Tq-uvl4uKKBCV4I9ZLkNKu-KCD1gZ8MMoqKqm2to-k1hrB_MobO2gPlqqlXkll9BLGMAgh5uj8qLvbL3u80H9V_OR2JW59-emyj-7fS4obt84Hp43Qpj9z9P5RoOS7PdTmbvO-pJ7ZcSUEVQMd7m34ERVKrrXA-OzAqLuvzB0rc70y91CZs5109ne2Z8pTRx0gjoDaT2kN5Y_3f2R_A43ooho</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Zhou, Jianli</creator><creator>Qin, Linyuan</creator><creator>Meng, Xiaojing</creator><creator>Liu, Nan</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-3169</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>The interactive effects of ambient air pollutants-meteorological factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities</title><author>Zhou, Jianli ; Qin, Linyuan ; Meng, Xiaojing ; Liu, Nan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-9a4e449d267c778eac85950407990794099831ada8967ae905b7d4587befc6333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - 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However, no studies to date have considered the impact of interactions between meteorological factors and air pollutants on COVID-19 transmission. This study explores the association between ambient air pollutants (PM
2.5
, NO
2
, SO
2
, CO, and O
3
), meteorological factors (average temperature, diurnal temperature range, relative humidity, wind velocity, air pressure, precipitation, and hours of sunshine), and their interaction on confirmed case counts of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities. We modeled total confirmed cases of COVID-19 as the dependent variable with meteorological factors, air pollutants, and their interactions as the independent variables. To account for potential migration effects, we included the migration scale index (MSI) from Wuhan to each of the 120 cities included in the model, using data from 15 Jan. to 18 Mar. 2020. As an important confounding factor, MSI was considered in a negative binomial regression analysis. Positive associations were found between the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and CO, PM
2.5
, relative humidity, and O
3
, with and without MSI-adjustment. Negative associations were also found for SO
2
and wind velocity both with and without controlling for population migration. In addition, air pollutants and meteorological factors had interactive effects on COVID-19 after controlling for MSI. In conclusion, air pollutants, meteorological factors, and their interactions all affect COVID-19 cases.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33501581</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-021-12648-9</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-3169</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0944-1344 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-06, Vol.28 (21), p.27056-27066 |
| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7837878 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink (Online service) |
| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Air Pollution - analysis Air temperature Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Carbon monoxide China Cities Coronaviruses COVID-19 Dependent variables Disease transmission Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Humans Humidity Independent variables Interactive control Meteorological Concepts Nitrogen dioxide Outdoor air quality Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Pollutants Regression analysis Relative humidity Research Article SARS-CoV-2 Sulfur dioxide Velocity Viral diseases Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Wind Wind speed |
| title | The interactive effects of ambient air pollutants-meteorological factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 120 Chinese cities |
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